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Despite a\u2009~1.5\u2009\u00b0C increase in the global mean surface temperature, debate remains on whether and when this circulation has slowed. Here we identify a distinctive temperature fingerprint in the equatorial Atlantic that signals the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation change through numerical ocean model experiments. The equatorial Atlantic is a crucial crossroads for the circulation anomalies to propagate to other oceans. A slowdown drives a mid-depth (1000\u20132000 m) warming in the equatorial Atlantic in a decade via baroclinic Kelvin waves. Analysis of climate models shows that this mid-depth temperature change is a better indicator for Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation change on decadal and longer timescales than other surface proxies. Observations reveal a robust mid-depth warming since 1960 that emerged from natural variability in the early 2000s, suggesting a slowdown that already started in the late 20<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> century.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s43247-025-02793-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T15:05:59Z","timestamp":1760713559000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Equatorial Atlantic mid-depth warming indicates Atlantic meridional overturning circulation slowdown"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Qiuping","family":"Ren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3676-1325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shang-Ping","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4913-3499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qihua","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7239-5756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuanlong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5932-7567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2793_CR1","first-page":"1","volume":"6","author":"W Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu, W., Fedorov, A. 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