{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T17:34:11Z","timestamp":1776447251637,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":206,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767830400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat. Rev. Clean Technol."],"DOI":"10.1038\/s44359-025-00125-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T10:02:29Z","timestamp":1767866549000},"page":"67-83","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Recycled aggregate concrete design, application and challenges"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"2","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1287-1199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianzhuang","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5333-1069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caihua","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8395-9898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2763-2812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Chi Sun","family":"Poon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"de Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Xuwen","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9690-3508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiaping","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Surendra P.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"125_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.175310","volume":"950","author":"A Hasheminezhad","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hasheminezhad, A., King, D., Ceylan, H. & Kim, S. Comparative life cycle assessment of natural and recycled aggregate concrete: a review. Sci. Total. Env. 950, 175310 (2024).","journal-title":"Sci. Total. Env."},{"key":"125_CR2","unstructured":"Peduzzi, P. et al. Sand and sustainability: 10 strategic recommendations to avert a crisis. UN Environment Programme https:\/\/www.unep.org\/resources\/report\/sand-and-sustainability-10-strategic-recommendations-avert-crisis (2022)."},{"key":"125_CR3","unstructured":"A. Laguna & P. Peduzzi. Our use of sand brings us \u201cup against the wall\u201d, says UNEP report. UN Environment Programme https:\/\/www.unep.org\/news-and-stories\/press-release\/our-use-sand-brings-us-against-wall-says-unep-report?utm_source=chatgpt.com&__cf_chl_tk=hSmS7_LuT.njPO_2RFgvDbgac4FEIHst2E831KHSkJU-1755650785-1.0.1.1-RQmgNOLgl.28mgP.dUZ_.FxnjynA.LwiFhqyPX82qz0 (2022)."},{"key":"125_CR4","unstructured":"Ministry of Natural Resources of the People\u2019s Republic of China. Notice of the Ministry of Natural Resources on Standardizing and Improving the Management of Sand and Gravel Mining [Chinese]. https:\/\/gi.mnr.gov.cn\/202304\/t20230419_2782795.html (2023)."},{"key":"125_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2022.104452","volume":"52","author":"F de Andrade Salgado","year":"2022","unstructured":"de Andrade Salgado, F. & de Andrade Silva, F. Recycled aggregates from construction and demolition waste towards an application on structural concrete: a review. J. Build. Eng. 52, 104452 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Build. Eng."},{"key":"125_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2021.105565","volume":"171","author":"B Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang, B., Yan, L., Fu, Q. & Kasal, B. A comprehensive review on recycled aggregate and recycled aggregate concrete. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 171, 105565 (2021).","journal-title":"Resour. Conserv. Recycl."},{"key":"125_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2017.11.207","volume":"178","author":"P Ghisellini","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ghisellini, P., Ripa, M. & Ulgiati, S. Exploring environmental and economic costs and benefits of a circular economy approach to the construction and demolition sector. A literature review. J. Clean. Prod. 178, 618\u2013643 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"125_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2017.09.059","volume":"157","author":"AB Fraj","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fraj, A. B. & Idir, R. Concrete based on recycled aggregates\u2014recycling and environmental analysis: a case study of Paris\u2019 region. Constr. Build. Mater. 157, 952\u2013964 (2017).","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"125_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125950","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2021.125950","volume":"317","author":"W Xing","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xing, W., Tam, V. W. Y., Le, K. N., Hao, J. L. & Wang, J. Life cycle assessment of recycled aggregate concrete on its environmental impacts: a critical review. Constr. Build. Mater. 317, 125950 (2022).","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"125_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2025.114272","volume":"114","author":"X Hu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hu, X., Wan-Wendner, L., Molkens, T. & Gruyaert, E. A review on mesoscale modeling of recycled aggregate concrete\u2014advances, challenges, and perspectives. J. Build. Eng. 114, 114272 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Build. Eng."},{"key":"125_CR11","first-page":"1","volume":"27","author":"Z Duan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Duan, Z. et al. Building demolition and solid waste recycling technologies: prospects and paths [Chinese]. Strategic Study CAE 27, 1\u201312 (2025).","journal-title":"Strategic Study CAE"},{"key":"125_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2016.06.034","volume":"301","author":"WM Ambr\u00f3s","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ambr\u00f3s, W. M., Cazacliu, B. G. & Sampaio, C. H. Wall effects on particle separation in air jigs. Powder Technol. 301, 369\u2013378 (2016).","journal-title":"Powder Technol."},{"key":"125_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2011.10.036","volume":"28","author":"K Jankovic","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jankovic, K., Nikolic, D. & Bojovic, D. Concrete paving blocks and flags made with crushed brick as aggregate. Constr. Build. Mater. 28, 659\u2013663 (2012).","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"125_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-8846(98)00043-X","volume":"28","author":"CF Mora","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mora, C. F., Kwan, A. K. H. & Chan, H. C. Particle size distribution analysis of coarse aggregate using digital image processing. Cem. Concr. Res. 28, 921\u2013932 (1998).","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Res."},{"key":"125_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2019.01.007","volume":"85","author":"K Hu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hu, K., Chen, Y., Naz, F., Zeng, C. & Cao, S. Separation studies of concrete and brick from construction and demolition waste. Waste Manage. 85, 396\u2013404 (2019).","journal-title":"Waste Manage."},{"key":"125_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2015.12.005","volume":"48","author":"F Di Maria","year":"2016","unstructured":"Di Maria, F., Bianconi, F., Micale, C., Baglioni, S. & Marionni, M. Quality assessment for recycling aggregates from construction and demolition waste: an image-based approach for particle size estimation. Waste Manage. 48, 344\u2013352 (2016).","journal-title":"Waste Manage."},{"key":"125_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21014\/acta_imeko.v2i1.100","author":"K Anding","year":"2013","unstructured":"Anding, K., Garten, D. & Lin\u00df, E. Application of intelligent image processing in the construction material industry. Waste Manage. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21014\/acta_imeko.v2i1.100 (2013).","journal-title":"Waste Manage"},{"key":"125_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1360\/TB-2022-0521","volume":"68","author":"J Xiao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xiao, J. et al. Principles for waste concrete recycling and basic problems of recycled concrete [Chinese]. Chin. Sci. Bull. 68, 510\u2013523 (2022).","journal-title":"Chin. Sci. Bull."},{"key":"125_CR19","first-page":"200241","volume":"25","author":"RP Neupane","year":"2025","unstructured":"Neupane, R. P., Devi, N. R., Imjai, T., Rajput, A. & Noguchi, T. Cutting-edge techniques and environmental insights in recycled concrete aggregate production: a comprehensive review. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. Adv. 25, 200241 (2025).","journal-title":"Resour. Conserv. Recycl. Adv."},{"key":"125_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2021.102366","volume":"41","author":"X Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang, X., Li, N., Du, J. & Wang, W. Concrete crushing based on the high-voltage pulse discharge technology. J. Build. Eng. 41, 102366 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Build. Eng."},{"key":"125_CR21","unstructured":"Wang, D. Research and Application of High-efficiency Screening and Grading Equipment [Chinese]. Master thesis, Kunming Univ. Science and Technology (2023)."},{"key":"125_CR22","unstructured":"Wang, W. & Du, H. An intelligent screening and processing device for construction waste [Chinese]. China Patent ZL202211416519.9 (2022)."},{"key":"125_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127071","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2022.127071","volume":"328","author":"J Kim","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kim, J. Influence of quality of recycled aggregates on the mechanical properties of recycled aggregate concretes: an overview. Constr. Build. Mater. 328, 127071 (2022).","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"125_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2023.105145","volume":"141","author":"X Yang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang, X. et al. Straightening methods for RCA and RAC\u2014a review. Cem. Concr. Comp. 141, 105145 (2023).","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Comp."},{"key":"125_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2008.04.012","volume":"23","author":"MS de Juan","year":"2009","unstructured":"de Juan, M. S. & Guti\u00e9rrez, P. A. Study on the influence of attached mortar content on the properties of recycled concrete aggregate. Constr. Build. Mater. 23, 872\u2013877 (2009).","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"125_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2014.01.044","volume":"58","author":"Z Duan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Duan, Z. & Poon, C. S. Properties of recycled aggregate concrete made with recycled aggregates with different amounts of old adhered mortars. Mater. Des. 58, 19\u201329 (2014).","journal-title":"Mater. Des."},{"key":"125_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2022.106717","volume":"188","author":"K Ouyang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ouyang, K. et al. Influence of pre-treatment methods for recycled concrete aggregate on the performance of recycled concrete: a review. Resour. Conserv. Recyc. 188, 106717 (2023).","journal-title":"Resour. Conserv. Recyc."},{"key":"125_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1935","DOI":"10.3390\/app9091935","volume":"9","author":"JH Kim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kim, J. H., Sung, J. H., Jeon, C. S., Lee, S. H. & Kim, H. S. A study on the properties of recycled aggregate concrete and its production facilities. Appl. Sci. 9, 1935 (2019).","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"key":"125_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.istruc.2021.04.094","volume":"33","author":"W Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen, W., Shao, Z., Wei, W., Zhang, P. & Hong, Y. Properties of concrete incorporating microwave treated coarse aggregate: an experimental study. Structures 33, 693\u2013702 (2021).","journal-title":"Structures"},{"key":"125_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2021.125412","volume":"312","author":"HS Yoon","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yoon, H. S., Seo, E. A., Kim, D. G. & Yang, K. H. Efficiency of dry calcination and trituration treatments for removing cement pastes attached to recycled coarse aggregates. Constr. Build. Mater. 312, 125412 (2021).","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"125_CR31","first-page":"20080099","volume":"36","author":"C Feng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Feng, C. et al. Research progress on treatment methods of building recycled concrete aggregates [Chinese]. Mater. Rep. 36, 20080099 (2022).","journal-title":"Mater. Rep."},{"key":"125_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2011.03.038","volume":"25","author":"A Akbarnezhad","year":"2011","unstructured":"Akbarnezhad, A., Ong, K. C. G., Zhang, M. H., Tam, C. T. & Foo, T. W. J. Microwave-assisted beneficiation of recycled concrete aggregates. Constr. Build. Mater. 25, 3469\u20133479 (2011).","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"125_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.3151\/jact.3.53","volume":"3","author":"H Shima","year":"2005","unstructured":"Shima, H., Tateyashiki, H., Matsuhashi, R. & Yoshida, Y. An advanced concrete recycling technology and its applicability assessment through input\u2013output analysis. J. Adv. Concr. Technol. 3, 53\u201367 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Adv. Concr. Technol."},{"key":"125_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1007\/s10163-016-0497-9","volume":"19","author":"HS Kim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kim, H. S., Kim, B., Kim, K. S. & Kim, J. M. Quality improvement of recycled aggregates using the acid treatment method and the strength characteristics of the resulting mortar. J. Mater. Cycles Waste Manage.\u00a019, 968\u2013976 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Mater. Cycles Waste Manage."},{"key":"125_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.06.335","volume":"235","author":"Z Pan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pan, Z. et al. The hydration, pore structure and strength of cement-based material prepared with waste soaking solution from acetic acid treatment of regenerated aggregates. J. Clean. Prod. 235, 866\u2013874 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"125_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2024.135355","volume":"417","author":"W Thaue","year":"2024","unstructured":"Thaue, W., Iwanami, M., Nakayama, K. & Yodsudjai, W. Influence of acetic acid treatment on microstructure of interfacial transition zone and performance of recycled aggregate concrete. Constr. Build. Mater. 417, 135355 (2024).","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"125_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105880","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2023.105880","volume":"66","author":"Y Zhou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhou, Y. et al. Experimental and numerical investigation on the microstructure and failure characteristics of concrete using strengthened recycled coarse aggregate. J. Build. Eng. 66, 105880 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Build. Eng."},{"key":"125_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2012.08.008","volume":"35","author":"Y Zhu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhu, Y., Kou, S., Poon, C. S., Dai, J. & Li, Q. Influence of silane-based water repellent on the durability properties of recycled aggregate concrete. Cem. Concr. Compos. 35, 32\u201338 (2013).","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Compos."},{"key":"125_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2023.131244","volume":"384","author":"D Lu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lu, D., Wang, D., Wang, Y. & Zhong, J. Nano-engineering the interfacial transition zone between recycled concrete aggregates and fresh paste with graphene oxide. Constr. Build. Mater. 384, 131244 (2023).","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"125_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2023.106587","volume":"72","author":"Y Han","year":"2023","unstructured":"Han, Y. et al. Chloride ion penetration resistance of matrix and interfacial transition zone of multi-walled carbon nanotube-reinforced concrete. J. Build. Eng. 72, 106587 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Build. Eng."},{"key":"125_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2015.04.017","volume":"62","author":"RV Silva","year":"2015","unstructured":"Silva, R. V., Neves, R., de Brito, J. & Dhir, R. K. Carbonation behaviour of recycled aggregate concrete. Cem. Concr. Comp. 62, 22\u201332 (2015).","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Comp."},{"key":"125_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2670","DOI":"10.3390\/ma16072670","volume":"16","author":"L Sequeira","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sequeira, L., Forero, J., Bravo, M., Evangelista, L. & de Brito, J. Durability of concrete with partial replacement of Portland cement by incorporating reactive magnesium oxide and fly ash. Materials 16, 2670 (2023).","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"125_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2025.114951","volume":"204","author":"J Xiao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xiao, J., Jiang, Y., Wang, D., Noguchi, T. & Lu, Z. Global CO2 sequestration potential of recycled aggregates: modeling, life cycle analysis, and accelerated carbonation strategies. Waste Manag. 204, 114951 (2025).","journal-title":"Waste Manag."},{"key":"125_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcou.2020.101185","volume":"39","author":"C Liang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liang, C., Lu, N., Ma, H., Ma, Z. & Duan, Z. Carbonation behavior of recycled concrete with CO2-curing recycled aggregate under various environments. J. CO2 Util. 39, 101185 (2020).","journal-title":"J. CO2 Util."},{"key":"125_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2024.105865","volume":"156","author":"T Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang, T. et al. Durability of concrete containing carbonated recycled aggregates: a comprehensive review. Cem. Concr. Comp. 156, 105865 (2025).","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Comp."},{"key":"125_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2024.110257","volume":"95","author":"AK Shuvo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shuvo, A. K., Sarker, P. K. & Shaikh, F. U. A. Efficacy of various accelerated carbonation techniques to improve recycled concrete aggregates: a comprehensive review. J. Build. Eng. 95, 110257 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Build. Eng."},{"key":"125_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2025.112649","volume":"106","author":"R Feng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Feng, R. & Xian, X. A review for accelerated carbonation improvement of recycled concrete coarse aggregates and the meta-analysis of environmental benefit assessment and cost analysis of concrete so produced. J. Build. Eng. 106, 112649 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Build. Eng."},{"key":"125_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2009.10.038","volume":"24","author":"D Kong","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kong, D. et al. Effect and mechanism of surface-coating pozzalanics materials around aggregate on properties and ITZ microstructure of recycled aggregate concrete. Constr. Build. Mater. 24, 701\u2013708 (2010).","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"125_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0899-1561(2004)16:6(597)","volume":"16","author":"A Katz","year":"2004","unstructured":"Katz, A. Treatments for the improvement of recycled aggregate. J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 16, 597\u2013603 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Mater. Civ. Eng."},{"key":"125_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121940","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2020.121940","volume":"276","author":"WM Shaban","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shaban, W. M. et al. Effect of pozzolan slurries on recycled aggregate concrete: mechanical and durability performance. Constr. Build. Mater. 276, 121940 (2021).","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"125_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2017.10.013","volume":"86","author":"C Shi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shi, C., Wu, Z., Cao, Z., Ling, T. C. & Zheng, J. Performance of mortar prepared with recycled concrete aggregate enhanced by CO2 and pozzolan slurry. Cem. Concr. Comp. 86, 130\u2013138 (2018).","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Comp."},{"key":"125_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2015.10.018","volume":"65","author":"D Xuan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Xuan, D., Zhan, B. & Poon, C. S. Assessment of mechanical properties of concrete incorporating carbonated recycled concrete aggregates. Cem. Concr. Comp. 65, 67\u201374 (2016).","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Comp."},{"key":"125_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2017.05.168","volume":"150","author":"J Ying","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ying, J., Zhou, B. & Xiao, J. Pore structure and chloride diffusivity of recycled aggregate concrete with nano-SiO2 and nano-TiO2. Constr. Build. Mater. 150, 49\u201355 (2017).","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"125_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2004.01.031","volume":"34","author":"S Diamond","year":"2004","unstructured":"Diamond, S., Sahu, S. & Thaulow, N. Reaction products of densified silica fume agglomerates in concrete. Cem. Concr. Res. 34, 1625\u20131632 (2004).","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Res."},{"key":"125_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2018.05.248","volume":"181","author":"LP Singh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Singh, L. P., Bisht, V., Aswathy, M. S., Chaurasia, L. & Gupta, S. Studies on performance enhancement of recycled aggregate by incorporating bio and nano materials. Constr. Build. Mater. 181, 217\u2013226 (2018).","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"125_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2021.124338","volume":"301","author":"Z Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu, Z., Chin, C. S. & Xia, J. Improving recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) and recycled coarse aggregate concrete (RCAC) by biological denitrification phenomenon. Constr. Build. Mater. 301, 124338 (2021).","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"125_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2009.02.006","volume":"36","author":"W De Muynck","year":"2010","unstructured":"De Muynck, W., De Belie, N. & Verstraete, W. Microbial carbonate precipitation in construction materials: a review. Ecol. Eng. 36, 118\u2013136 (2010).","journal-title":"Ecol. Eng."},{"key":"125_CR58","first-page":"88","volume":"50","author":"K Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu, K., Zheng, J., Xie, W., Dong, S. & Duan, Z. Mixture design method of recycled aggregate concrete based on machine learning [Chinese]. J. Hunan Univ. 50, 88\u201396 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Hunan Univ."},{"key":"125_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s44242-024-00047-5","author":"Y Yao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yao, Y. & Hong, B. Evolution of recycled concrete research: a data-driven scientometric review. Low-carbon Mater. Green. Constr. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s44242-024-00047-5 (2024).","journal-title":"Low-carbon Mater. Green. Constr."},{"key":"125_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiao, J. Recycled Aggregate Concrete Structures (Springer, 2018).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-53987-3"},{"key":"125_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2021.122616","volume":"281","author":"D Meng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Meng, D., Wu, X., Quan, H. & Zhu, C. A strength-based mix design method for recycled aggregate concrete and consequent durability performance. Constr. Build. Mater. 281, 122616 (2021).","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"125_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2018.04.169","volume":"175","author":"F Deng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Deng, F. et al. Compressive strength prediction of recycled concrete based on deep learning. Constr. Build. Mater. 175, 562\u2013569 (2018).","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"125_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsbe.2016.09.003","volume":"5","author":"F Khademi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Khademi, F., Jamal, S. M., Deshpande, N. & Londhe, S. Predicting strength of recycled aggregate concrete using artificial neural network, adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system and multiple linear regression. Int. J. Sustain. Built Environ. 5, 355\u2013369 (2016).","journal-title":"Int. J. Sustain. Built Environ."},{"key":"125_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144734","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2025.144734","volume":"489","author":"B Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang, B. et al. Sustainable mix design and carbon emission analysis of recycled aggregate concrete based on machine learning and big data methods. J. Clean. Prod. 489, 144734 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"125_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s41062-022-00844-6","volume":"7","author":"US Biswal","year":"2022","unstructured":"Biswal, U. S., Mishra, M., Singh, M. K. & Pasla, D. Experimental investigation and comparative machine learning prediction of the compressive strength of recycled aggregate concrete incorporated with fly ash, GGBS, and metakaolin. Innovative Infrastruct. Solut. 7, 1\u201320 (2022).","journal-title":"Innovative Infrastruct. Solut."},{"key":"125_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2011.11.015","volume":"42","author":"S Erdem","year":"2012","unstructured":"Erdem, S., Dawson, A. R. & Thom, N. H. Influence of the micro- and nanoscale local mechanical properties of the interfacial transition zone on impact behavior of concrete made with different aggregates. Cem. Concr. Res. 42, 447\u2013458 (2012).","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Res."},{"key":"125_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2015.10.084","volume":"101","author":"H Zhang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhang, H. & Zhao, Y. Integrated interface parameters of recycled aggregate concrete. Constr. Build. Mater. 101, 861\u2013877 (2015).","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"125_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2018.10.117","volume":"192","author":"H Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang, H. et al. Mechanical behavior of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) using recycled fine aggregate cured under different conditions and the mechanism based on integrated microstructural parameters. Constr. Build. Mater. 192, 489\u2013507 (2018).","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"125_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesa.2024.108395","volume":"186","author":"H Zhao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhao, H. & Zhou, A. Effects of recycled aggregates on mechanical and fractural properties of concrete: Insights from DEM modelling. Compos. Part. A-Appl. S 186, 108395 (2024).","journal-title":"Compos. Part. A-Appl. S"},{"key":"125_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109979","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.109979","volume":"300","author":"Q Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen, Q., Zhang, J., Wang, Z., Zhao, T. & Wang, Z. A review of the interfacial transition zones in concrete: identification, physical characteristics, and mechanical properties. Eng. Fract. Mech. 300, 109979 (2024).","journal-title":"Eng. Fract. Mech."},{"key":"125_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3541","DOI":"10.3390\/ma12213541","volume":"12","author":"K Wu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wu, K., Han, H., Xu, L., Yang, X. & De Schutter, G. Supported ITZ modification efficiencies via surface coating nanoparticles on aggregate and its influence on properties. Materials 12, 3541 (2019).","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"125_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2015.09.018","volume":"79","author":"K Wu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wu, K., Shi, H., Xu, L., Ye, G. & De Schutter, G. Microstructural characterization of ITZ in blended cement concretes and its relation to transport properties. Cem. Concr. Res. 79, 243\u2013256 (2016).","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Res."},{"key":"125_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2021.104385","volume":"127","author":"R Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen, R., Mo, K. & Ling, T. Offsetting strength loss in concrete via ITZ enhancement: from the perspective of utilizing new alternative aggregate. Cem. Concr. Comp. 127, 104385 (2022).","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Comp."},{"key":"125_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2017.10.012","volume":"103","author":"JL Branch","year":"2018","unstructured":"Branch, J. L., Epps, R. & Kosson, D. S. The impact of carbonation on bulk and ITZ porosity in microconcrete materials with fly ash replacement. Cem. Concr. Res. 103, 170\u2013178 (2018).","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Res."},{"key":"125_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/1065-7355(95)90037-3","volume":"2","author":"JP Ollivier","year":"1995","unstructured":"Ollivier, J. P., Maso, J. C. & Bourdette, B. Interfacial transition zone in concrete. Adv. Cem. Based Mater. 2, 30\u201338 (1995).","journal-title":"Adv. Cem. Based Mater."},{"key":"125_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2024.107675","volume":"187","author":"X Gao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gao, X. et al. A new model for investigating the formation of interfacial transition zone in cement-based materials. Cem. Concr. Res. 187, 107675 (2025).","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Res."},{"key":"125_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105963","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2019.105963","volume":"129","author":"G Fang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fang, G. & Zhang, M. The evolution of interfacial transition zone in alkali-activated fly ash\u2013slag concrete. Cem. Concr. Res. 129, 105963 (2020).","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Res."},{"key":"125_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1023\/B:INTS.0000042339.92990.4c","volume":"12","author":"KL Scrivener","year":"2004","unstructured":"Scrivener, K. L., Crumbie, A. K. & Laugesen, P. The interfacial transition zone (ITZ) between cement paste and aggregate in concrete. Interface Sci. 12, 411\u2013421 (2004).","journal-title":"Interface Sci."},{"key":"125_CR79","first-page":"21050009","volume":"37","author":"Y Huang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huang, Y., Hu, X., Shi, C. & Wu, M. Review on the formation and improvement of interfacial transition zone between cement paste and aggregate in concrete [Chinese]. Mater. Rep. 37, 21050009 (2023).","journal-title":"Mater. Rep."},{"key":"125_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2017.03.008","volume":"80","author":"P Carrara","year":"2017","unstructured":"Carrara, P. & De Lorenzis, L. Consistent identification of the interfacial transition zone in simulated cement microstructures. Cem. Concr. Comp. 80, 224\u2013234 (2017).","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Comp."},{"key":"125_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103779","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2020.103779","volume":"114","author":"J He","year":"2020","unstructured":"He, J., Lei, D. & Xu, W. In-situ measurement of nominal compressive elastic modulus of interfacial transition zone in concrete by SEM\u2013DIC coupled method. Cem. Concr. Comp. 114, 103779 (2020).","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Comp."},{"key":"125_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-8846(02)00792-5","volume":"32","author":"Z Hashin","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hashin, Z. & Monteiro, P. J. M. An inverse method to determine the elastic properties of the interphase between the aggregate and the cement paste. Cem. Concr. Res. 32, 1291\u20131300 (2002).","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Res."},{"key":"125_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2013.01.006","volume":"37","author":"J Xiao","year":"2013","unstructured":"Xiao, J., Li, W., Sun, Z., Lange, D. A. & Shah, S. P. Properties of interfacial transition zones in recycled aggregate concrete tested by nanoindentation. Cem. Concr. Comp. 37, 276\u2013292 (2013).","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Comp."},{"key":"125_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/0008-8846(95)00185-9","volume":"26","author":"L Karen","year":"1996","unstructured":"Karen, L. & Scrivener, K. M. N. The percolation of pore space in the cement paste\/aggregate interfacial zone of concrete. Cem. Concr. Res. 26, 35\u201340 (1996).","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Res."},{"key":"125_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0001860","author":"Q Shen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shen, Q., Pan, G. & Zhan, H. Effect of interfacial transition zone on the carbonation of cement-based materials. J. Mater. Civ. Eng. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1061\/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0001860 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Mater. Civ. Eng."},{"key":"125_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2022.104558","volume":"130","author":"K-S Huang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huang, K.-S. & Yang, C.-C. Determination of the chloride migration coefficient for interfacial transition zone in cement-based material with fly ash replacement. Cem. Concr. Comp. 130, 104558 (2022).","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Comp."},{"key":"125_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2004.06.009","volume":"35","author":"A Cwirzen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cwirzen, A. & Penttala, V. Aggregate\u2013cement paste transition zone properties affecting the salt\u2013frost damage of high-performance concretes. Cem. Concr. Res. 35, 671\u2013679 (2005).","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Res."},{"key":"125_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124954","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2021.124954","volume":"307","author":"S Zheng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zheng, S., Qi, L., He, R., Wu, J. & Wang, Z. Erosion damage and expansion evolution of interfacial transition zone in concrete under dry\u2013wet cycles and sulfate erosion. Constr. Build. Mater. 307, 124954 (2021).","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"125_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2019.103480","volume":"106","author":"S Pradhan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pradhan, S., Kumar, S. & Barai, S. V. Multi-scale characterisation of recycled aggregate concrete and prediction of its performance. Cem. Concr. Comp. 106, 103480 (2020).","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Comp."},{"key":"125_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130772","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2023.130772","volume":"371","author":"J Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu, J. et al. Influence of recycled concrete aggregate enhancement methods on the change of microstructure of ITZs in recycled aggregate concrete. Constr. Build. Mater. 371, 130772 (2023).","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"125_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2012.09.114","volume":"40","author":"GC Lee","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lee, G. C. & Choi, H. B. Study on interfacial transition zone properties of recycled aggregate by micro-hardness test. Constr. Build. Mater. 40, 455\u2013460 (2013).","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"125_CR92","volume":"19","author":"HG Gebremariam","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gebremariam, H. G., Taye, S. & Tarekegn, A. G. Disparity in research findings on parent concrete strength effects on recycled aggregate quality as a challenge in aggregate recycling. Case Stud. Constr. Mat. 19, e02342 (2023).","journal-title":"Case Stud. Constr. Mat."},{"key":"125_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2008.03.005","volume":"23","author":"JA Rossignolo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rossignolo, J. A. Interfacial interactions in concretes with silica fume and SBR latex. Constr. Build. Mater. 23, 817\u2013821 (2009).","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"125_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2012.12.051","volume":"41","author":"Y Gao","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gao, Y. et al. Characterization of ITZ in ternary blended cementitious composites: experiment and simulation. Constr. Build. Mater. 41, 742\u2013750 (2013).","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"125_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2011.06.004","volume":"41","author":"L Butler","year":"2011","unstructured":"Butler, L., West, J. S. & Tighe, S. L. The effect of recycled concrete aggregate properties on the bond strength between RCA concrete and steel reinforcement. Cem. Concr. Res. 41, 1037\u20131049 (2011).","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Res."},{"key":"125_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hbrcj.2013.08.007","volume":"9","author":"AM Wagih","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wagih, A. M., El-Karmoty, H. Z., Ebid, M. & Okba, S. H. Recycled construction and demolition concrete waste as aggregate for structural concrete. HBRC J. 9, 193\u2013200 (2019).","journal-title":"HBRC J."},{"key":"125_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Verian, K. P. Using Recycled Concrete as Coarse Aggregate in Pavement Concrete. Master thesis, Purdue Univ. (2012).","DOI":"10.5703\/1288284315220"},{"key":"125_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s41062-024-01486-6","author":"A Elsheikh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Elsheikh, A., Al-Zayadi, S. K. & Albo-Hassan, A. S. Experimental investigation of concrete incorporating recycled concrete aggregates. Innovative Infrastruct. Solut. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s41062-024-01486-6 (2024).","journal-title":"Innovative Infrastruct. Solut."},{"key":"125_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3962","DOI":"10.1007\/s12205-024-0005-z","volume":"28","author":"A Zarei","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zarei, A., Sharghi, M., Jeong, H. & Afshin, H. A comparative evaluation of modification methods for improving the mechanical properties of recycled aggregate\u2013recycled steel fiber concrete. KSCE J. Civ. Eng. 28, 3962\u20133975 (2024).","journal-title":"KSCE J. Civ. Eng."},{"key":"125_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.3390\/buildings14020470","volume":"14","author":"A Mahmood","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mahmood, A., Nanos, N. & Begg, D. An evaluation of the strength for recycled fine aggregate replacement in cementitious mortars. Buildings 14, 470 (2024).","journal-title":"Buildings"},{"key":"125_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2014.09.068","volume":"73","author":"F Faleschini","year":"2014","unstructured":"Faleschini, F. et al. Rheology of fresh concretes with recycled aggregates. Constr. Build. Mater. 73, 407\u2013416 (2014).","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"125_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2018.03.008","volume":"89","author":"H Guo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Guo, H. et al. Durability of recycled aggregate concrete\u2014a review. Cem. Concr. Comp. 89, 251\u2013259 (2018).","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Comp."},{"key":"125_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2022.126371","volume":"321","author":"R Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang, R., Hu, Z., Li, Y., Wang, K. & Zhang, H. Review on the deterioration and approaches to enhance the durability of concrete in the freeze\u2013thaw environment. Constr. Build. Mater. 321, 126371 (2022).","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"125_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2016.12.142","volume":"134","author":"J Wu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wu, J., Jing, X. & Wang, Z. Uni-axial compressive stress-strain relation of recycled coarse aggregate concrete after freezing and thawing cycles. Constr. Build. Mater. 134, 210\u2013219 (2017).","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"125_CR105","first-page":"382","volume":"15","author":"J Sun","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sun, J. & Geng, J. Effect of particle size and content of recycled fine aggregate on frost resistance of concrete [Chinese]. J. Build. Mater. 15, 382\u2013385 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Build. Mater."},{"key":"125_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmrt.2022.11.125","volume":"22","author":"S Hong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hong, S., Choi, J., Yuan, T. & Yoon, Y. A review on concrete creep characteristics and its evaluation on high-strength lightweight concrete. J. Mater. Res. Technol. 22, 230\u2013251 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Mater. Res. Technol."},{"key":"125_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2011.07.011","volume":"42","author":"P Rossi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rossi, P., Tailhan, J. L., Le Maou, F., Gaillet, L. & Martin, E. Basic creep behavior of concretes investigation of the physical mechanisms by using acoustic emission. Cem. Concr. Res. 42, 61\u201373 (2012).","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Res."},{"key":"125_CR108","first-page":"1181","volume":"123","author":"ZP Ba\u017eant","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ba\u017eant, Z. P., Hauggaard, A. B., Baweja, S. & Ulm, F. J. Microprestress-solidification theory for concrete creep. I: aging and drying effects. J. Eng. Mech. 123, 1181\u20131194 (1997).","journal-title":"J. Eng. Mech."},{"key":"125_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2011.08.004","volume":"33","author":"G Fathifazl","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fathifazl, G. et al. Creep and drying shrinkage characteristics of concrete produced with coarse recycled concrete aggregate. Cem. Concr. Comp. 33, 1026\u20131037 (2011).","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Comp."},{"key":"125_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2015.10.013","volume":"100","author":"VWY Tam","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tam, V. W. Y., Kotrayothar, D. & Xiao, J. Long-term deformation behaviour of recycled aggregate concrete. Constr. Build. Mater. 100, 262\u2013272 (2015).","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"125_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.3390\/app7070740","volume":"7","author":"M Bravo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bravo, M., Brito, J. & Evangelista, L. Thermal performance of concrete with recycled aggregates from CDW plants. Appl. Sci. 7, 740 (2017).","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"key":"125_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2012.06.011","volume":"33","author":"C Leiva","year":"2013","unstructured":"Leiva, C., Sol\u00eds-Guzm\u00e1n, J., Marrero, M. & Garc\u00eda Arenas, C. Recycled blocks with improved sound and fire insulation containing construction and demolition waste. Waste Manage. 33, 663\u2013671 (2013).","journal-title":"Waste Manage."},{"key":"125_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applthermaleng.2018.05.032","volume":"140","author":"H Zhao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhao, H., Liu, F. & Yang, H. Thermal properties of coarse RCA concrete at elevated temperatures. Appl. Therm. Eng. 140, 180\u2013189 (2018).","journal-title":"Appl. Therm. Eng."},{"key":"125_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2024.119108","volume":"322","author":"Z Chen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen, Z., Xiao, J. & Ding, T. Behaviours of novel prefabricated RAC\u2013HSC composite beams subjected to fire: an experimental and numerical study. Eng. Struct. 322, 119108 (2025).","journal-title":"Eng. Struct."},{"key":"125_CR115","first-page":"43","volume":"41","author":"J Xiao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xiao, J., Tang, Y., Zhang, K. & Yang, H. Stress\u2013strain relationship of recycled coarse aggregate concrete [Chinese]. Eng. Mech. 41, 43\u201355 (2024).","journal-title":"Eng. Mech."},{"key":"125_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1007\/s12205-018-0575-8","volume":"23","author":"Z Deng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Deng, Z., Sheng, J. & Wang, Y. Strength and constitutive model of recycled concrete under biaxial compression. KSCE J. Civ. Eng. 23, 699\u2013710 (2018).","journal-title":"KSCE J. Civ. Eng."},{"key":"125_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2012.09.024","volume":"38","author":"J Xiao","year":"2013","unstructured":"Xiao, J., Li, H. & Yang, Z. Fatigue behavior of recycled aggregate concrete under compression and bending cyclic loadings. Constr. Build. Mater. 38, 681\u2013688 (2013).","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"125_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117837","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2024.117837","volume":"306","author":"X Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li, X., Lu, C., Sun, H. & Cui, Y. Evaluation of residual bond behaviour between rebar and recycled aggregate concrete after high-temperature exposure followed by water spray cooling. Eng. Struct. 306, 117837 (2024).","journal-title":"Eng. Struct."},{"key":"125_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2019.03.238","volume":"213","author":"H Dong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dong, H., Song, Y., Cao, W., Sun, W. & Zhang, J. Flexural bond behavior of reinforced recycled aggregate concrete. Constr. Build. Mater. 213, 514\u2013527 (2019).","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"125_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2005.08.008","volume":"21","author":"J Xiao","year":"2007","unstructured":"Xiao, J. & Falkner, H. Bond behaviour between recycled aggregate concrete and steel rebars. Constr. Build. Mater. 21, 395\u2013401 (2007).","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"125_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2015.06.008","volume":"83","author":"S-W Kim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kim, S.-W., Yun, H.-D., Park, W.-S. & Jang, Y.-I. Bond strength prediction for deformed steel rebar embedded in recycled coarse aggregate concrete. Mater. Des. 83, 257\u2013269 (2015).","journal-title":"Mater. Des."},{"key":"125_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2014.08.081","volume":"72","author":"M Guerra","year":"2014","unstructured":"Guerra, M., Ceia, F., de Brito, J. & J\u00falio, E. Anchorage of steel rebars to recycled aggregates concrete. Constr. Build. Mater. 72, 113\u2013123 (2014).","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"125_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118805","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2020.118805","volume":"250","author":"Z Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li, Z., Deng, Z., Yang, H. & Wang, H. Bond behavior between recycled aggregate concrete and deformed rebar after freeze\u2013thaw damage. Constr. Build. Mater. 250, 118805 (2020).","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"125_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125954","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2021.125954","volume":"318","author":"J Jiang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jiang, J., Yang, H., Deng, Z. & Li, Z. Bond performance of deformed rebar embedded in recycled aggregate concrete subjected to repeated loading after freeze\u2013thaw cycles. Constr. Build. Mater. 318, 125954 (2022).","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"125_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1007\/s12205-022-1182-2","volume":"27","author":"Z Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li, Z., Deng, Z., Yang, H., Tang, Z. & Wang, W. Bond strength between recycled concrete and rebar under stirrup constraint after freeze\u2013thaw cycles. KSCE J. Civ. Eng. 27, 727\u2013739 (2023).","journal-title":"KSCE J. Civ. Eng."},{"key":"125_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2021.125636","volume":"315","author":"J Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang, J., Tao, X., Li, X., Zhang, Y. & Liu, Y. Analytical and experimental investigation of the bond behavior of confined high-strength recycled aggregate concrete. Constr. Build. Mater. 315, 125636 (2022).","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"125_CR127","volume":"17","author":"J Xiao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xiao, J., Cheng, Z., Zhou, Z. & Wang, C. Structural engineering applications of recycled aggregate concrete: seismic performance, guidelines, projects and demonstrations. Case Stud. Constr. Mat. 17, e01520 (2022).","journal-title":"Case Stud. Constr. Mat."},{"key":"125_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.istruc.2021.05.033","volume":"33","author":"J Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang, J., Zhao, Y., Li, X., Li, Y. & Dong, H. Experimental study on seismic performance of recycled aggregate concrete shear wall with high-strength steel bars. Structures 33, 1457\u20131472 (2021).","journal-title":"Structures"},{"key":"125_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2011.06.062","volume":"26","author":"J Xiao","year":"2012","unstructured":"Xiao, J., Huang, Y., Yang, J. & Zhang, C. Mechanical properties of confined recycled aggregate concrete under axial compression. Constr. Build. Mater. 26, 591\u2013603 (2012).","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"125_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2014.09.038","volume":"73","author":"J Xiao","year":"2014","unstructured":"Xiao, J., Tresserras, J. & Tam, V. W. Y. GFRP-tube confined RAC under axial and eccentric loading with and without expansive agent. Constr. Build. Mater. 73, 575\u2013585 (2014).","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"125_CR131","first-page":"1586","volume":"37","author":"J Xiao","year":"2009","unstructured":"Xiao, J. & Yang, J. On recycled concrete confined by GFRP tube under axial compression [Chinese]. J. Tongji Univ. 37, 1586\u20131591 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Tongji Univ."},{"key":"125_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2025.112681","volume":"107","author":"Z Chen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen, Z. & Xiao, J. Fire-insulation properties of recycled aggregate concrete, its application in composite concrete structures, and concrete\u2013concrete interface effects: a review. J. Build. Eng. 107, 112681 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Build. Eng."},{"key":"125_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2019.07.238","volume":"225","author":"S Fang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fang, S., Liu, F., Xiong, Z., Fang, J. & Li, L. Seismic performance of recycled aggregate concrete-filled glass fibre-reinforced polymer-steel composite tube columns. Constr. Build. Mater. 225, 997\u20131010 (2019).","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"125_CR134","first-page":"29","volume":"36","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Cao, W., Zhou, Z., Dong, H. & Cheng, J. Experimental study on seismic behavior of mid-rise recycled aggregate concrete shear wall with insulation blocks and single layer reinforcement [Chinese]. J. Build. Struct. 36, 29\u201336 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Build. Struct."},{"key":"125_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eng.2023.03.017","volume":"29","author":"J Xiao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xiao, J., Zhang, K., Ding, T., Zhang, Q. & Xiao, X. Fundamental issues towards unified design theory of recycled and natural aggregate concrete components. Engineering 29, 188\u2013197 (2023).","journal-title":"Engineering"},{"key":"125_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2021.113482","volume":"251","author":"S Seara-Paz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Seara-Paz, S., Gonz\u00e1lez-Fonteboa, B., Mart\u00ednez-Abella, F. & Eiras-L\u00f3pez, J. Deformation recovery of reinforced concrete beams made with recycled coarse aggregates. Eng. Struct. 251, 113482 (2022).","journal-title":"Eng. Struct."},{"key":"125_CR137","first-page":"1","volume":"27","author":"J Xiao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xiao, J. et al. Deformation behavior and low-carbon assessment of large-span beam with fully recycled concrete. Strategic Study CAE 27, 1\u201314 (2025).","journal-title":"Strategic Study CAE"},{"key":"125_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2025.120140","volume":"333","author":"B Chen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen, B., Zhao, Y. & Peng, L. Long-term performance of recycled aggregate concrete beams exposed to 10\u2009years of loading and chloride environments. Eng. Struct. 333, 120140 (2025).","journal-title":"Eng. Struct."},{"key":"125_CR139","first-page":"17","volume":"41","author":"J Xiao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xiao, J., Zhang, K., Cao, W. & Bai, G. Time-dependent reliability-based design of recycled aggregate concrete structures [Chinese]. J. Build. Struct. 41, 17\u201327 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Build. Struct."},{"key":"125_CR140","unstructured":"Pacheco, J., de Brito, J. & Lamperti Tornaghi, M. Use of Recycled Aggregates in Concrete: Opportunities for Upscaling in Europe 1\u201379 (Publications Office of the European Union, 2023)."},{"key":"125_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.3141\/2113-18","volume":"2113","author":"M Vancura","year":"2009","unstructured":"Vancura, M., Khazanovich, L. & Tompkins, D. Reappraisal of recycled concrete aggregate as coarse aggregate in concretes for rigid pavements. Transport. Res. Rec. 2113, 149\u2013155 (2009).","journal-title":"Transport. Res. Rec."},{"key":"125_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.3130\/aijs.88.1060","volume":"88","author":"AD Nguyen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nguyen, A. D. & Dosho, Y. Performance evaluation and mix proportion design of concrete using low-quality recycled aggregate. J. Struct. Constr. Eng. 88, 1060\u20131071 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Struct. Constr. Eng."},{"key":"125_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1007\/s10163-022-01412-x","volume":"24","author":"H Koga","year":"2022","unstructured":"Koga, H., Katahira, H. & Shimata, A. The introduction of recycled-aggregate concrete specifications in Japan and the research into the freezing\u2013thawing resistance of recycled-aggregate concrete. J. Mater. Cycles Waste Manage.\u00a024, 1207\u20131215 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Mater. Cycles Waste Manage."},{"key":"125_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2017.02.004","volume":"122","author":"AL Kleijer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kleijer, A. L., Lasvaux, S., Citherlet, S. & Viviani, M. Product-specific life cycle assessment of ready mix concrete: comparison between a recycled and an ordinary concrete. Resour. Conserv. Recyc. 122, 210\u2013218 (2017).","journal-title":"Resour. Conserv. Recyc."},{"key":"125_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resourpol.2021.102212","volume":"73","author":"D Katerusha","year":"2021","unstructured":"Katerusha, D. Barriers to the use of recycled concrete from the perspective of executing companies and possible solution approaches\u2014case study Germany and Switzerland. Resour. Policy 73, 102212 (2021).","journal-title":"Resour. Policy"},{"key":"125_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.141091","volume":"747","author":"Z Bao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bao, Z., Lee, W. M. W. & Lu, W. Implementing on-site construction waste recycling in Hong Kong: barriers and facilitators. Sci. Total. Env. 747, 141091 (2020).","journal-title":"Sci. Total. Env."},{"key":"125_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2020.09.030","volume":"118","author":"M Ma","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ma, M., Tam, V. W. Y., Le, K. N. & Li, W. Challenges in current construction and demolition waste recycling: a China study. Waste Manag. 118, 610\u2013625 (2020).","journal-title":"Waste Manag."},{"key":"125_CR148","unstructured":"Shanghai Municipal Development & Reform Commission. Shanghai Municipal Special Support Measures for Circular Economy Development and Comprehensive Resource Utilization [Chinese]. https:\/\/fgw.sh.gov.cn\/fgw_gfxwj\/20211210\/56dd45256c1c4e8b96eeb4f0a289f1dc.html (2021)."},{"key":"125_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2019.110102","volume":"205","author":"C Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang, C., Xiao, J., Zhang, C. & Xiao, X. Structural health monitoring and performance analysis of a 12-story recycled aggregate concrete structure. Eng. Struct. 205, 110102 (2020).","journal-title":"Eng. Struct."},{"key":"125_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.strusafe.2022.102241","volume":"98","author":"B Xia","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xia, B., Xiao, J. & Li, S. Sustainability-based reliability design for reuse of concrete components. Struct. Saf. 98, 102241 (2022).","journal-title":"Struct. Saf."},{"key":"125_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2198","DOI":"10.1177\/1369433218768000","volume":"21","author":"T Ding","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ding, T., Xiao, J., Zhang, Q. & Akbarnezhad, A. Experimental and numerical studies on design for deconstruction concrete connections: an overview. Adv. Struct. Eng. 21, 2198\u20132214 (2018).","journal-title":"Adv. Struct. Eng."},{"key":"125_CR152","first-page":"1083","volume":"48","author":"B Xia","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xia, B., Xiao, J., Lv, F. & Wang, Y. Mechanical analysis and fundamental philosophy for deconstruction of structures. J. Tongji Univ. 48, 1083\u20131092 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Tongji Univ."},{"key":"125_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4137","DOI":"10.1360\/TB-2024-0549","volume":"69","author":"J Xiao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xiao, J. et al. Exploration of low-carbon approximate probability design method for concrete structures [Chinese]. Chin. Sci. Bull. 69, 4137\u20134150 (2024).","journal-title":"Chin. Sci. Bull."},{"key":"125_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"04021096","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0003658","volume":"33","author":"H Dilbas","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dilbas, H. & \u00c7ak\u0131r, \u00d6 Physical and mechanical properties of treated recycled aggregate concretes: combination of mechanical treatment and silica fume. J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 33, 04021096 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Mater. Civ. Eng."},{"key":"125_CR155","volume":"20","author":"G Xia","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xia, G. & Zhao, Y. Interface parameters of recycled aggregate concrete considering the distribution of old mortar content. Case Stud. Constr. Mat. 20, e03262 (2024).","journal-title":"Case Stud. Constr. Mat."},{"key":"125_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2019.03.265","volume":"212","author":"Y Kim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kim, Y., Hanif, A., Usman, M. & Park, W. Influence of bonded mortar of recycled concrete aggregates on interfacial characteristics\u2014porosity assessment based on pore segmentation from backscattered electron image analysis. Constr. Build. Mater. 212, 149\u2013163 (2019).","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"125_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2016.06.061","volume":"122","author":"M Pepe","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pepe, M., Toledo Filho, R. D., Koenders, E. A. B. & Martinelli, E. A novel mix design methodology for recycled aggregate concrete. Constr. Build. Mater. 122, 362\u2013372 (2016).","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"125_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2023.106161","volume":"68","author":"Z Ma","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ma, Z., Hu, R., Yao, P. & Wang, C. Utilizing heat-mechanical synergistic treatment for separating concrete waste into high-quality recycled aggregate, active recycled powder and new concrete. J. Build. Eng. 68, 106161 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Build. Eng."},{"key":"125_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000789","volume":"25","author":"A Akbarnezhad","year":"2013","unstructured":"Akbarnezhad, A., Ong, K. C. G., Tam, C. T. & Zhang, M. H. Effects of the parent concrete properties and crushing procedure on the properties of coarse recycled concrete aggregates. J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 25, 1795\u20131802 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Mater. Civ. Eng."},{"key":"125_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0003014","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0003014","volume":"32","author":"PK Gupta","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gupta, P. K., Rajhans, P., Panda, S. K., Nayak, S. & Das, S. K. Mix design method for self-compacting recycled aggregate concrete and its microstructural investigation by considering adhered mortar in aggregate. J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 32, 0003014 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Mater. Civ. Eng."},{"key":"125_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1617\/s11527-009-9480-4","volume":"43","author":"CJ Zega","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zega, C. J., Villagr\u00e1n-Zaccardi, Y. A. & Di Maio, A. A. Effect of natural coarse aggregate type on the physical and mechanical properties of recycled coarse aggregates. Mater. Struct. 43, 195\u2013202 (2009).","journal-title":"Mater. Struct."},{"key":"125_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1780","DOI":"10.1002\/suco.202200729","volume":"24","author":"M Amario","year":"2022","unstructured":"Amario, M., Pepe, M., Rangel, C. S. & Toledo Filho, R. D. Autogenous and drying shrinkage of structural concretes incorporating recycled concrete aggregates from different sources. Struct. Concr. 24, 1780\u20131792 (2022).","journal-title":"Struct. Concr."},{"key":"125_CR163","first-page":"677","volume":"8","author":"MLV Prasad","year":"2007","unstructured":"Prasad, M. L. V. & Rathish Kumar, P. Strength studies on glass fiber reinforced recycled aggregate concrete. Asian J. Civ. Eng. 8, 677\u2013690 (2007).","journal-title":"Asian J. Civ. Eng."},{"key":"125_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2012.04.013","volume":"35","author":"A Abd Elhakam","year":"2012","unstructured":"Abd Elhakam, A., Mohamed, A. E. & Awad, E. Influence of self-healing, mixing method and adding silica fume on mechanical properties of recycled aggregates concrete. Constr. Build. Mater. 35, 421\u2013427 (2012).","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"125_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109852","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2024.109852","volume":"94","author":"M Allal","year":"2024","unstructured":"Allal, M., Zeghichi, L. & Siline, M. Optimization of the recycled aggregate processing using the full factorial design approach, chemical, physical and microstructural characterization of treated aggregates by pre-coated with cementitious paste. J. Build. Eng. 94, 109852 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Build. Eng."},{"key":"125_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105047","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2022.105047","volume":"58","author":"Q Al-Waked","year":"2022","unstructured":"Al-Waked, Q., Bai, J., Kinuthia, J. & Davies, P. Enhancement of mechanical properties of concrete with treated demolition waste aggregate. J. Build. Eng. 58, 105047 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Build. Eng."},{"key":"125_CR167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2019.04.212","volume":"215","author":"Y Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Zhang, H., Geng, Y., Wang, Q. & Zhang, S. Prediction of the elastic modulus and the splitting tensile strength of concrete incorporating both fine and coarse recycled aggregate. Constr. Build. Mater. 215, 332\u2013346 (2019).","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"125_CR168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2016.01.054","volume":"111","author":"GM Chen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chen, G. M., He, Y. H., Jiang, T. & Lin, C. J. Behavior of CFRP-confined recycled aggregate concrete under axial compression. Constr. Build. Mater. 111, 85\u201397 (2016).","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"125_CR169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40069-023-00631-2","author":"D Choi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Choi, D., Hong, K., Ochirbud, M., Meiramov, D. & Sukontaskuul, P. Mechanical properties of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) and ultra-high performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) with recycled sand. Int. J. Concr. Struct. M. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40069-023-00631-2 (2023).","journal-title":"Int. J. Concr. Struct. M."},{"key":"125_CR170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2017.09.137","volume":"158","author":"G Dimitriou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dimitriou, G., Savva, P. & Petrou, M. F. Enhancing mechanical and durability properties of recycled aggregate concrete. Constr. Build. Mater. 158, 228\u2013235 (2018).","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"125_CR171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6226","DOI":"10.3390\/app14146226","volume":"14","author":"D Ferr\u00e1ndez","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ferr\u00e1ndez, D., Zaragoza-Benzal, A., Pastor Lamberto, R., Santos, P. & Michalak, J. Optimizing masonry mortar: experimental insights into physico-mechanical properties using recycled aggregates and natural fibers. Appl. Sci. 14, 6226 (2024).","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"key":"125_CR172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2011.04.002","volume":"33","author":"N Fonseca","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fonseca, N., de Brito, J. & Evangelista, L. The influence of curing conditions on the mechanical performance of concrete made with recycled concrete waste. Cem. Concr. Comp. 33, 637\u2013643 (2011).","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Comp."},{"key":"125_CR173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2015.08.036","volume":"98","author":"M Gesoglu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gesoglu, M., G\u00fcneyisi, E., \u00d6z, H. \u00d6, Taha, I. & Yasemin, M. T. Failure characteristics of self-compacting concretes made with recycled aggregates. Constr. Build. Mater. 98, 334\u2013344 (2015).","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"125_CR174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2007.01.008","volume":"43","author":"B Gonz\u00e1lez-Fonteboa","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Fonteboa, B. & Mart\u00ednez-Abella, F. Concretes with aggregates from demolition waste and silica fume. Materials and mechanical properties. Build. Environ. 43, 429\u2013437 (2008).","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"125_CR175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.132820","volume":"366","author":"M Guo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guo, M. et al. Performance evaluation of recycled aggregate concrete incorporating limestone calcined clay cement (LC3). J. Clean. Prod. 366, 132820 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"125_CR176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1002\/fam.3168","volume":"48","author":"RA Hawileh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hawileh, R. A. et al. Residual mechanical properties of recycled aggregate concrete at elevated temperatures. Fire Mater. 48, 138\u2013151 (2023).","journal-title":"Fire Mater."},{"key":"125_CR177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2023.133143","volume":"403","author":"D Huang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huang, D., Liu, Z., Ma, W., Lu, Y. & Li, S. Steel fiber-reinforced recycled aggregate concrete-filled GFRP tube columns: axial compression performance. Constr. Build. Mater. 403, 133143 (2023).","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"125_CR178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2012.02.032","volume":"35","author":"SC Kou","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kou, S. C. & Poon, C. S. Enhancing the durability properties of concrete prepared with coarse recycled aggregate. Constr. Build. Mater. 35, 69\u201376 (2012).","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"125_CR179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engfailanal.2022.106910","volume":"143","author":"B Lei","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lei, B. et al. Mechanical properties of multi-recycled aggregate concrete under combined compression\u2013shear loading. Eng. Fail. Anal. 143, 106910 (2023).","journal-title":"Eng. Fail. Anal."},{"key":"125_CR180","first-page":"3321","volume":"47","author":"J Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li, J., Chen, L., Wang, Z. & Wang, Y. Effect of modification and replacement rate of recycled coarse aggregate on properties of recycled aggregate concrete. IJST-T. Civ. Eng. 47, 3321\u20133332 (2023).","journal-title":"IJST-T. Civ. Eng."},{"key":"125_CR181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2023.105917","volume":"66","author":"W Ma","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ma, W., Wang, Y., Huang, L., Yan, L. & Kasal, B. Natural and recycled aggregate concrete containing rice husk ash as replacement of cement: mechanical properties, microstructure, strength model and statistical analysis. J. Build. Eng. 66, 105917 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Build. Eng."},{"key":"125_CR182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2024.109126","volume":"87","author":"R Mandal","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mandal, R., Panda, S. K. & Nayak, S. Evaluation of rheological properties of sustainable self-compacting recycled aggregate concrete produced by two-stage mixing approach. J. Build. Eng. 87, 109126 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Build. Eng."},{"key":"125_CR183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2023.133893","volume":"409","author":"T Marchi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Marchi, T., Garcia Diaz, E., Salgues, M., Souche, J. C. & Devillers, P. Internal curing capacity of recycled coarse aggregates incorporated in concretes with low water\/cement ratios. Constr. Build. Mater. 409, 133893 (2023).","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"125_CR184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1108\/SASBE-08-2023-0228","volume":"13","author":"B Nikmehr","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nikmehr, B., Kafle, B. & Al-Ameri, R. Developing a sustainable self-compacting geopolymer concrete with 100% geopolymer-coated recycled concrete aggregate replacement. Smart Sustain. Built 13, 395\u2013424 (2023).","journal-title":"Smart Sustain. Built"},{"key":"125_CR185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2023.133267","volume":"404","author":"TLP Ortolan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ortolan, T. L. P. et al. Durability of concrete incorporating recycled coarse aggregates: carbonation and service life prediction under chloride-induced corrosion. Constr. Build. Mater. 404, 133267 (2023).","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"125_CR186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2017.07.215","volume":"154","author":"D Pedro","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pedro, D., de Brito, J. & Evangelista, L. Structural concrete with simultaneous incorporation of fine and coarse recycled concrete aggregates: mechanical, durability and long-term properties. Constr. Build. Mater. 154, 294\u2013309 (2017).","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"125_CR187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2005.07.033","volume":"42","author":"K Rahal","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rahal, K. Mechanical properties of concrete with recycled coarse aggregate. Build. Environ. 42, 407\u2013415 (2007).","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"125_CR188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2018.05.007","volume":"19","author":"J Thomas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Thomas, J., Thaickavil, N. N. & Wilson, P. M. Strength and durability of concrete containing recycled concrete aggregates. J. Build. Eng. 19, 349\u2013365 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Build. Eng."},{"key":"125_CR189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42947-023-00397-6","author":"D Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang, D., Xu, Y., Zheng, Y. & Wu, Y. Effect of freeze\u2013thaw cycles on physical and mechanical properties of concrete with different replacement rates of recycled coarse aggregate. Int. J. Pavement Res. T. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s42947-023-00397-6 (2023).","journal-title":"Int. J. Pavement Res. T."},{"key":"125_CR190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2004.09.020","volume":"35","author":"J Xiao","year":"2005","unstructured":"Xiao, J., Li, J. & Zhang, C. Mechanical properties of recycled aggregate concrete under uniaxial loading. Cem. Concr. Res. 35, 1187\u20131194 (2005).","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Res."},{"key":"125_CR191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5914","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15175914","volume":"15","author":"G Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang, G. et al. Study on the mechanical properties and durability of recycled aggregate concrete under the internal curing condition. Materials 15, 5914 (2022).","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"125_CR192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1935","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2010.11.063","volume":"25","author":"J Yang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yang, J., Du, Q. & Bao, Y. Concrete with recycled concrete aggregate and crushed clay bricks. Constr. Build. Mater. 25, 1935\u20131945 (2011).","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"125_CR193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rinp.2018.04.061","volume":"9","author":"C Zheng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zheng, C. et al. Mechanical properties of recycled concrete with demolished waste concrete aggregate and clay brick aggregate. Results Phys. 9, 1317\u20131322 (2018).","journal-title":"Results Phys."},{"key":"125_CR194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.3844\/ajeassp.2011.201.208","volume":"4","author":"NJ Myle","year":"2011","unstructured":"Myle, N. J., Wonchang, C. & Taher, A. L. Use of recycled aggregate and fly ash in concrete pavement. Am. J. Eng. Appl. Sci. 4, 201\u2013208 (2011).","journal-title":"Am. J. Eng. Appl. Sci."},{"key":"125_CR195","first-page":"1387","volume":"2","author":"AN Dabhade","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dabhade, A. N., Choudhari, S. R. & Gajbhiye, A. R. Performance evaluation of recycled aggregate used in concrete. Int. J. Eng. Res. Appl. 2, 1387\u20131391 (2012).","journal-title":"Int. J. Eng. Res. Appl."},{"key":"125_CR196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0899-1561(2007)19:9(709)","volume":"19","author":"SC Kou","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kou, S. C., Poon, C. S. & Chan, D. Influence of fly ash as cement replacement on the properties of recycled aggregate concrete. J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 19, 709\u2013717 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Mater. Civ. Eng."},{"key":"125_CR197","first-page":"205","volume":"44","author":"MC Rao","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rao, M. C., Bhattacharyya, S. K. & Barai, S. V. Influence of field recycled coarse aggregate on properties of concrete. Mater. Struct. 44, 205\u2013220 (2010).","journal-title":"Mater. Struct."},{"key":"125_CR198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3592","DOI":"10.1007\/s10853-006-0379-y","volume":"42","author":"VWY Tam","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tam, V. W. Y. & Tam, C. M. Assessment of durability of recycled aggregate concrete produced by two-stage mixing approach. J. Mater. Sci. 42, 3592\u20133602 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"125_CR199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2009.02.018","volume":"23","author":"A Domingo-Cabo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Domingo-Cabo, A. et al. Creep and shrinkage of recycled aggregate concrete. Constr. Build. Mater. 23, 2545\u20132553 (2009).","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"125_CR200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2020.119312","volume":"254","author":"Z He","year":"2020","unstructured":"He, Z., Hu, H., Casanova, I., Liang, C. & Du, S. Effect of shrinkage reducing admixture on creep of recycled aggregate concrete. Constr. Build. Mater. 254, 119312 (2020).","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"125_CR201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2016.10.086","volume":"128","author":"Y Geng","year":"2016","unstructured":"Geng, Y., Wang, Y. & Chen, J. Creep behaviour of concrete using recycled coarse aggregates obtained from source concrete with different strengths. Constr. Build. Mater. 128, 199\u2013213 (2016).","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"125_CR202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2019.109888","volume":"202","author":"Q Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang, Q., Geng, Y., Wang, Y. & Zhang, H. Drying shrinkage model for recycled aggregate concrete accounting for the influence of parent concrete. Eng. Struct. 202, 109888 (2020).","journal-title":"Eng. Struct."},{"key":"125_CR203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002142","volume":"30","author":"T Ozbakkaloglu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ozbakkaloglu, T., Gholampour, A. & Xie, T. Mechanical and durability properties of recycled aggregate concrete: effect of recycled aggregate properties and content. J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 30, 04017275 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Mater. Civ. Eng."},{"key":"125_CR204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2022.104527","volume":"130","author":"H Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang, H., Xiao, J., Tang, Y., Duan, Z. & Poon, C. S. Long-term shrinkage and mechanical properties of fully recycled aggregate concrete: testing and modelling. Cem. Concr. Comp. 130, 104527 (2022).","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Comp."},{"key":"125_CR205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2020.121645","volume":"272","author":"S Silva","year":"2021","unstructured":"Silva, S., Evangelista, L. & de Brito, J. Durability and shrinkage performance of concrete made with coarse multi-recycled concrete aggregates. Constr. Build. Mater. 272, 121645 (2021).","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"125_CR206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-025-00568-4","volume":"638","author":"J Xiao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xiao, J. et al. How to make concrete sustainable. Nature 638, 888\u2013890 (2025).","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["Nature Reviews Clean Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s44359-025-00125-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s44359-025-00125-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s44359-025-00125-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T13:01:56Z","timestamp":1768914116000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s44359-025-00125-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"references-count":206,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["125"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s44359-025-00125-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["3005-0685"],"issn-type":[{"value":"3005-0685","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 November 2025","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 January 2026","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}