{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T22:35:33Z","timestamp":1778279733807,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,2]],"date-time":"2009-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1233532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2438,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British J Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n<jats:list list-type=\"explicit-label\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Combining the patch\u2010clamp recordings in slice preparation with the \u2018entire soma isolation\u2019 method we studied action of several local anaesthetics on delayed\u2010rectifier K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> currents in spinal dorsal horn neurones.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Bupivacaine, lidocaine and mepivacaine at low concentrations (1\u2013100\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>) enhanced delayed\u2010rectifier K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> current in intact neurones within the spinal cord slice, while exhibiting a partial blocking effect at higher concentrations (&gt;100\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>). In isolated somata 0.1\u201310\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc> bupivacaine enhanced delayed\u2010rectifier K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> current by shifting its steady\u2010state activation characteristic and the voltage\u2010dependence of the activation time constant to more negative potentials by 10\u201320\u2003mV.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Detailed analysis has revealed that bupivacaine also increased the maximum delayed\u2010rectifier K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> conductance by changing the open probability, rather than the unitary conductance, of the channel.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>It is concluded that local anaesthetics show a dual effect on delayed\u2010rectifier K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> currents by potentiating them at low concentrations and partially suppressing at high concentrations. The phenomenon observed demonstrated the complex action of local anaesthetics during spinal and epidural anaesthesia, which is not restricted to a suppression of Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> conductance only.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>British Journal of Pharmacology<\/jats:italic> (2002) <jats:bold>136<\/jats:bold>, 540\u2013549; doi:<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"doi\" xlink:href=\"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0704754\">10.1038\/sj.bjp.0704754<\/jats:ext-link><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0704754","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,28]],"date-time":"2005-01-28T22:11:23Z","timestamp":1106950283000},"page":"540-549","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Enhancement of delayed\u2010rectifier potassium conductance by low concentrations of local anaesthetics in spinal sensory neurones"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"136","author":[{"given":"Andrea","family":"Olschewski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Wolff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Michael E","family":"Br\u00e4u","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gunter","family":"Hempelmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Werner","family":"Vogel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Boris V","family":"Safronov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"304","article-title":"Interactions of bupivacaine with ionic channels of the nicotinic receptor. 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