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The NO synthase (NOS) substrate, L\u2010arginine, and the NO donor, 3\u2010morpholinosydnonimine chloride (SIN\u20101), also inhibited [<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>H]ACh release with a potency order of SIN\u20101&gt;L\u2010arginine&gt;L\u2010citrulline. Co\u2010application of L\u2010citrulline and SIN\u20101 caused additive effects. NOS inactivation with N<jats:sup>o<\/jats:sup>\u2010nitro\u2010L\u2010arginine prevented L\u2010arginine inhibition, but not that of L\u2010citrulline. The NO scavenger, haemoglobin, abolished inhibition of [<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>H]ACh release caused by SIN\u20101, but not that caused by L\u2010arginine. Inactivation of guanylyl cyclase with 1H\u2010[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3\u2010a]quinoxalin\u20101\u2010one (ODQ) fully blocked SIN\u20101 inhibition, but only partially attenuated the effects of L\u2010arginine. Reduction of extracellular adenosine accumulation with adenosine deaminase or with the nucleoside transport inhibitor, S\u2010(<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010nitrobenzyl)\u20106\u2010thioinosine, attenuated the effects of L\u2010arginine and L\u2010citrulline, while not affecting inhibition by SIN\u20101. Similar results were obtained with the selective adenosine A<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> receptor antagonist, 1,3\u2010dipropyl\u20108\u2010cyclopentylxanthine. L\u2010citrulline increased the resting extracellular concentration of adenosine, without changing that of the adenine nucleotides.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and implications:<\/jats:title><jats:p>NOS catalyses the formation of two neuronally active products, NO and L\u2010citrulline. 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