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We obtained random short autosomal sequence reads from seven individuals: two from the latter site and five from the Leprosarium and used these to call SNP identities and estimate ancestral affinities with modern reference data. The Leprosarium site samples were less preserved but gave some probability of both African and European ancestry. The two discard deposit burials each gave African affinity signals, which were further refined toward modern West African or Bantu genotyped samples. These data from distressed burials illustrate an African contribution to a low status stratum of Lagos society at a time when this port became a hub of the European trade in African slaves which formed a precursor to the transatlantic transfer of millions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep05994","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,8]],"date-time":"2014-08-08T09:07:29Z","timestamp":1407488849000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Genetic Evidence of African Slavery at the Beginning of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Rui","family":"Martiniano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Catarina","family":"Coelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maria Teresa","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maria Jo\u00e3o","family":"Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ron","family":"Pinhasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Daniel G.","family":"Bradley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep05994_CR1","first-page":"547","volume":"10","author":"M Neves","year":"2010","unstructured":"Neves, M., Almeida, M. & Ferreira, M. 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