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Despite the impact of jellyfish on coastal economic activity and the importance of the tourism industry for the Mediterranean region (accounting for 15% of global tourism), no scientific consensus has been achieved regarding the causes of this episode. Here, we analyse the meteorological and oceanographic conditions of the North-East Atlantic Ocean during the months previous to the appearance of <jats:italic>P. physalis<\/jats:italic> in the Mediterranean. We simulate the probable drift of Atlantic populations into the Mediterranean basin with a numerical model and compare model results with available observations. We conclude that the summer 2010 <jats:italic>P. Physalis<\/jats:italic> swarm was the result of an unusual combination of meteorological and oceanographic conditions during the previous winter and not a permanent invasion favoured by climatic changes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep11545","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,25]],"date-time":"2015-06-25T09:21:14Z","timestamp":1435224074000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Portuguese Man-of-War (Physalia physalis) in the Mediterranean: A permanent invasion or a casual appearance?"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"L.","family":"Prieto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D.","family":"Mac\u00edas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Peliz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep11545_CR1","unstructured":"Haywood, L. 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