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Since many prokaryotes, including <jats:italic>Escherichia (E.) coli<\/jats:italic>, generate H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S and encounter high H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S levels particularly in the human gut, herein we tested whether bacteria can sustain sulfide-resistant O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>-dependent respiration. <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> has three respiratory oxidases, the cyanide-sensitive heme-copper <jats:italic>bo<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> enzyme and two <jats:italic>bd<\/jats:italic> oxidases much less sensitive to cyanide. Working on the isolated enzymes, we found that, whereas the <jats:italic>bo<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> oxidase is inhibited by sulfide with half-maximal inhibitory concentration <jats:italic>IC<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u20091.1\u2009\u00b1\u20090.1\u2009\u03bcM, under identical experimental conditions both <jats:italic>bd<\/jats:italic> oxidases are insensitive to sulfide up to 58\u2009\u03bcM. In <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> respiratory mutants, both O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>-consumption and aerobic growth proved to be severely impaired by sulfide when respiration was sustained by the <jats:italic>bo<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> oxidase alone, but unaffected by \u2264200\u2009\u03bcM sulfide when either <jats:italic>bd<\/jats:italic> enzyme acted as the only terminal oxidase. Accordingly, wild-type <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> showed sulfide-insensitive respiration and growth under conditions favouring the expression of <jats:italic>bd<\/jats:italic> oxidases. In all tested conditions, cyanide mimicked the functional effect of sulfide on bacterial respiration. We conclude that <jats:italic>bd<\/jats:italic> oxidases promote sulfide-resistant O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>-consumption and growth in <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> and possibly other bacteria. The impact of this discovery is discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep23788","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,31]],"date-time":"2016-03-31T10:06:05Z","timestamp":1459418765000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":135,"title":["The Terminal Oxidase Cytochrome bd Promotes Sulfide-resistant Bacterial Respiration and Growth"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Elena","family":"Forte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Vitaliy B.","family":"Borisov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Micol","family":"Falabella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Henrique G.","family":"Cola\u00e7o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Tinajero-Trejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Robert K.","family":"Poole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o B.","family":"Vicente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Sarti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Giuffr\u00e8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep23788_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd4433","volume":"14","author":"JL Wallace","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wallace, J. 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