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Dating the deposits of SAM wind-driven currents in IODP cores from the Maldives yields an age of 12. 9\u2009Ma indicating an abrupt SAM onset, over a short period of 300 kyrs. This coincided with the Indian Ocean Oxygen Minimum Zone expansion as revealed by geochemical tracers and the onset of upwelling reflected by the sediment\u2019s content of particulate organic matter. A weaker \u2018proto-monsoon\u2019 existed between 12.9 and 25\u2009Ma, as mirrored by the sedimentary signature of dust influx. Abrupt SAM initiation favors a strong influence of climate in addition to the tectonic control, and we propose that the post Miocene Climate Optimum cooling, together with increased continentalization and establishment of the bipolar ocean circulation, i.e. the beginning of the modern world, shifted the monsoon over a threshold towards the modern system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep29838","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,20]],"date-time":"2016-07-20T09:45:18Z","timestamp":1469007918000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":146,"title":["The abrupt onset of the modern South Asian Monsoon winds"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Christian","family":"Betzler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gregor P.","family":"Eberli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Dick","family":"Kroon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"James D.","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Peter K.","family":"Swart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bejugam Nagender","family":"Nath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Carlos A.","family":"Alvarez-Zarikian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Montserrat","family":"Alonso-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Or M.","family":"Bialik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Clara L.","family":"Bl\u00e4ttler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Junhua Adam","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S\u00e9bastien","family":"Haffen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Senay","family":"Horozal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mayuri","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Jovane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Lanci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Laya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Anna Ling Hui","family":"Mee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"L\u00fcdmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Masatoshi","family":"Nakakuni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kaoru","family":"Niino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Loren M.","family":"Petruny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Santi D.","family":"Pratiwi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"John J. 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