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However, to date, an effective stimulation system for intracorporeal therapies has not been proposed. This is particularly true for active intramedullary implants that aim to optimize osseointegration. The increasing demand for these implants, particularly for hip and knee replacements, has driven the design of innovative stimulation systems that are effective in bone-implant integration. In this paper, a new cosurface-based capacitive system concept is proposed for the design of implantable devices that deliver controllable and personalized electric field stimuli to target tissues. A prototype architecture of this system was constructed for <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> tests, and its ability to deliver controllable stimuli was numerically analyzed. Successful results were obtained for osteoblastic proliferation and differentiation in the <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> tests. This work provides, for the first time, a design of a stimulation system that can be embedded in active implantable devices for controllable bone-implant integration and regeneration. The proposed cosurface design holds potential for the implementation of novel and innovative personalized stimulatory therapies based on the delivery of electric fields to bone cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep30231","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,26]],"date-time":"2016-07-26T09:27:06Z","timestamp":1469525226000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["New cosurface capacitive stimulators for the development of active osseointegrative implantable devices"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Marco P.","family":"Soares dos Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Marote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"T.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Torr\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 A. 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