{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T12:06:58Z","timestamp":1745496418825},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,24]],"date-time":"2016-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1479945600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,24]],"date-time":"2016-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1479945600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Within plant populations, space-restricted gene movement, together with environmental heterogeneity, can result in a spatial variation in gene frequencies. In biennial plants, inter-annual flowering migrants can homogenize gene frequencies between consecutive cohorts. However, the actual impact of these migrants on spatial genetic variation remains unexplored. Here, we used 10 nuclear microsatellite and one plastid genetic marker to characterize the spatial genetic structure within two consecutive cohorts in a population of the biennial plant<jats:italic>Erysimum mediohispanicum<\/jats:italic>(Brassicaceae). We explored the maintenance of this structure between consecutive flowering cohorts at different levels of complexity, and investigated landscape effects on gene flow. We found that cohorts were not genetically differentiated and showed a spatial genetic structure defined by a negative genetic-spatial correlation at fine scale that varied in intensity with compass directions. This spatial genetic structure was maintained when comparing plants from different cohorts. Additionally, genotypes were consistently associated with environmental factors such as light availability and soil composition, but to a lesser extent compared with the spatial autocorrelation. We conclude that inter-annual migrants, in combination with limited seed dispersal and environmental heterogeneity, play a major role in shaping and maintaining the spatial genetic structure among cohorts in this biennial plant.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep37712","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,24]],"date-time":"2016-11-24T10:15:24Z","timestamp":1479982524000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Inter-annual maintenance of the fine-scale genetic structure in a biennial plant"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Javier","family":"Valverde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda","family":"G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Timothy F.","family":"Sharbel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Noelia","family":"Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Perfectti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep37712_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-294X.2004.02076.x","volume":"13","author":"X Vekemans","year":"2004","unstructured":"Vekemans, X. & Hardy, O. J. New insights from fine-scale spatial genetic structure analyses in plant populations. Mol. Ecol. 13, 921\u2013935 (2004).","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol."},{"key":"BFsrep37712_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/28.2.114","volume":"28","author":"S Wright","year":"1943","unstructured":"Wright, S. Isolation by Distance. Genetics 28, 114\u2013138 (1943).","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"BFsrep37712_CR3","first-page":"95","volume":"27","author":"BK Epperson","year":"1993","unstructured":"Epperson, B. K. Recent advances in correlation analysis of spatial patterns of genetic variation. Evol. Biol. 27, 95\u2013155 (1993).","journal-title":"Evol. Biol"},{"key":"BFsrep37712_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.104.027714","volume":"168","author":"OJ Hardy","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hardy, O. J. et al. Fine-scale genetic structure and gene dispersal in Centaurea corymbosa (Asteraceae). II. Correlated paternity within and among sibships. Genetics 168, 1601\u20131614 (2004).","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"BFsrep37712_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1007\/s10682-015-9767-6","volume":"29","author":"R Rouger","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rouger, R. & Jump, A. S. Fine-scale spatial genetic structure across a strong environmental gradient in the saltmarsh plant Puccinellia maritima. Evol. Ecol. 29, 609\u2013623 (2015).","journal-title":"Evol. Ecol."},{"key":"BFsrep37712_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1038\/hdy.2015.102","volume":"116","author":"C Lara-Romero","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lara-Romero, C. et al. Individual spatial aggregation correlates with between-population variation in fine-scale genetic structure of Silene ciliata (Caryophyllaceae). 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