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Cellulosomes are assembled by selective high-affinity binding of enzyme-borne dockerin modules to repeated cohesin modules of structural proteins termed scaffoldins. Recent sequencing of the fiber-degrading <jats:italic>Ruminococcus flavefaciens<\/jats:italic> FD-1 genome revealed a particularly elaborate cellulosome system. In total, 223 dockerin-bearing ORFs potentially involved in cellulosome assembly and a variety of multi-modular scaffoldins were identified, and the dockerins were classified into six major groups. Here, extensive screening employing three complementary medium- to high-throughput platforms was used to characterize the different cohesin-dockerin specificities. The platforms included (i) cellulose-coated microarray assay, (ii) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and (iii) <jats:italic>in-vivo<\/jats:italic> co-expression and screening in <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>. The data revealed a collection of unique cohesin-dockerin interactions and support the functional relevance of dockerin classification into groups. In contrast to observations reported previously, a dual-binding mode is involved in cellulosome cell-surface attachment, whereas single-binding interactions operate for cellulosome integration of enzymes. This sui generis cellulosome model enhances our understanding of the mechanisms governing the remarkable ability of <jats:italic>R. flavefaciens<\/jats:italic> to degrade carbohydrates in the bovine rumen and provides a basis for constructing efficient nano-machines applied to biological processes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep42355","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,10]],"date-time":"2017-02-10T10:12:28Z","timestamp":1486721548000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Complexity of the Ruminococcus flavefaciens FD-1 cellulosome reflects an expansion of family-related protein-protein interactions"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Vered","family":"Israeli-Ruimy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Bule","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sadanari","family":"Jindou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bareket","family":"Dassa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Mora\u00efs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ilya","family":"Borovok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yoav","family":"Barak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Michal","family":"Slutzki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yuval","family":"Hamberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"V\u00e2nia","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Victor D.","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Shabir","family":"Najmudin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bryan A.","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Harry J.","family":"Flint","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Harry J.","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Raphael","family":"Lamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Carlos M. 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