{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T01:36:32Z","timestamp":1789436192403,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,1]],"date-time":"2009-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1230768000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,1]],"date-time":"2009-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1230768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Photochem Photobiol Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"DOI":"10.1039\/b811216a","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,3]],"date-time":"2008-11-03T18:23:10Z","timestamp":1225736590000},"page":"45-51","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Calculations of the human vitamin D exposure from UV spectral measurements at three European stations"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Andreas","family":"Kazantzidis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alkiviadis F.","family":"Bais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Melina","family":"Zempila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stelios","family":"Kazadzis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter N.","family":"den Outer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tapani","family":"Koskela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harry","family":"Slaper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"801045_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4031","DOI":"10.1029\/2002JD002059","volume":"108","author":"M J Newchurch","year":"2003","unstructured":"M. J. Newchurch, E.-S. Yang, D. M. Cunnold, G. C. Reinsel, J. M. Zawodny, J. M. Russell, III, Evidence for slowdown in stratospheric ozone loss: First stage of ozone recovery J. Geophys. Res. 2003 108 4031.","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"801045_CR2","first-page":"7.1","volume-title":"Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2006. Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project. Report no. 50","author":"A F Bais","year":"2007","unstructured":"A. F. Bais, D. Lubin, A. Arola, G. Bernhard, M. Blumthaler, N. Chubarova, C. Erlick, H. P. Gies, N. Krotkov, K. Lantz, B. Mayer, R. L. McKenzie, R. D. Piacentini, G. Seckmeyer, J. R. Slusser and C. S. Zerefos, Surface ultraviolet radiation: Past, present, and future, Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2006. Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project. Report no. 50, World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, 2007, ch. 7, 7.1\u20137.54."},{"issue":"6606","key":"801045_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1038\/384256a0","volume":"384","author":"H Slaper","year":"1996","unstructured":"H. Slaper, G. J. M. Velders, J. S. Daniel, F. R. Degruijl and J. C. Vanderleun, Estimates of ozone depletion and skin cancer incidence to examine the Vienna convention achievements Nature 1996 3846606 256\u2013258.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"801045_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyn017","volume":"37","author":"R M Lucas","year":"2008","unstructured":"R. M. Lucas, A. J. McMichael, B. K. Armstrong and W. T. Smith, Estimating the global disease burden due to ultraviolet radiation exposure Int. J. Epidemiol. 2008 373 654\u201367.","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"801045_CR5","first-page":"650","volume":"23","author":"J Elwood","year":"1996","unstructured":"J. Elwood, Melanoma and sun exposure Semin. Oncol. 1996 236 650\u2013666.","journal-title":"Semin. Oncol."},{"key":"801045_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/dji019","volume":"97","author":"M Berwick","year":"2005","unstructured":"M. Berwick, B. K. Armstrong, L. Ben-Porat, J. Fine, A. Kricker, C. Eberle and R. Barnhill, Sun exposure and mortality from melanoma J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 2005 97 195\u20139.","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"801045_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/79.3.362","volume":"79","author":"M F Holick","year":"2004","unstructured":"M. F. Holick and D. Vitamin, Importance in the prevention of cancers, type 1 diabetes, heart disease and osteoporosis Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2004 79 362\u2013371.","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"801045_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2004.045260","volume":"96","author":"C F Garland","year":"2006","unstructured":"C. F. Garland, F. C. Garland, E. D. Gorham, M. Lipkin, H. Newmark, S. B. Mohr and M. F. Holick, The role of vitamin D in cancer prevention Am. J. Public Health 2006 96 252\u201361.","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"801045_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.013","volume":"92","author":"W B Grant","year":"2006","unstructured":"W. B. Grant, Epidemiology of disease risks in relation to vitamin D insufficiency Prog. Biophys. Mol. Biol. 2006 92 65\u201379.","journal-title":"Prog. Biophys. Mol. Biol."},{"issue":"3","key":"801045_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra070553","volume":"357","author":"M F Holick","year":"2007","unstructured":"M. F. Holick, Vitamin D deficiency New Engl. J. Med. 2007 3573 266\u201381.","journal-title":"New Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"801045_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.3.860","volume":"85","author":"E Hypp\u00f6nen","year":"2007","unstructured":"E. Hypp\u00f6nen and C. Power, Hypovitaminosis D in British adults at age 45 y: nationwide cohort study of dietary and lifestyle predictors Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2007 853 860\u20138.","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"4","key":"801045_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1536","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI112134","volume":"76","author":"J MacLaughlin","year":"1985","unstructured":"J. MacLaughlin and M. F. Holick, Aging decreases the capacity of human skin to produce vitamin D3 J. Clin. Invest. 1985 764 1536\u20138.","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"issue":"2","key":"801045_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2006.12.017","volume":"460","author":"T C Chen","year":"2007","unstructured":"T. C. Chen, F. Chimeh, Z. Lu, J. Mathieu, K. S. Person, A. Zhang, N. Kohn, S. Martinello, R. Berkowitz and M. F. Holick, Factors that influence the cutaneous synthesis and dietary sources of vitamin D Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 2007 4602 213\u20137.","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"801045_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-67-2-373","volume":"67","author":"A R Webb","year":"1988","unstructured":"A. R. Webb, L. Kline and M. F. Holick, Influence of season and latitude on the cutaneous synthesis of vitamin D3: Exposure to winter sunlight in Boston and Edmonton will not promote vitamin D3 synthesis in human skin J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1988 67 373\u2013378.","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"6","key":"801045_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1562\/2004-11-19-RN-375","volume":"81","author":"O Engelsen","year":"2005","unstructured":"O. Engelsen, M. Brustad, L. Aksnes and E. Lund, Daily duration of vitamin D synthesis in human skin with relation to latitude, total ozone, altitude, ground cover, aerosols and cloud thickness Photochem. Photobiol. 2005 816 1287\u20131290.","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"801045_CR16","first-page":"041012","volume":"44","author":"O Engelsen","year":"2008","unstructured":"O. Engelsen and A. Kylling, Fast simulation tool for ultraviolet radiation at the Earth\u2019s surface Opt. Eng. 2008 444 041012.","journal-title":"Opt. Eng."},{"issue":"6","key":"801045_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.2006.tb09833.x","volume":"82","author":"A R Webb","year":"2006","unstructured":"A. R. Webb and O. Engelsen, Calculated Ultraviolet Exposure Levels for a Healthy Vitamin D Status Photochem. Photobiol. 2006 826 1697\u20131703.","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"801045_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2006.10.004","volume":"86","author":"M G Kimlin","year":"2007","unstructured":"M. G. Kimlin, William J. Olds, Michael R. Moore, Location and Vitamin D synthesis: is the hypothesis validated by geophysical data? J. Photochem. Photobiol., B 2007 863 234\u2013239.","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol., B"},{"key":"801045_CR19","first-page":"13","volume-title":"UV radiation Climatology and Trends","author":"R L McKenzie","year":"2007","unstructured":"R. L. McKenzie, UV radiation Climatology and Trends, Proceedings of the UV Conference \u201cOne Century of UV radiation Research\u201d, 2007, Davos, Switzerland, 18-20 September 2007, pp. 13\u201314."},{"key":"801045_CR20","volume-title":"Photochem. Photobiol.","author":"R L McKenzie","year":"2008","unstructured":"R. L. McKenzie, J. B. Liley and L. O. Bj\u00f6rn, UV Radiation: Balancing Risks and Benefits, Photochem. Photobiol., 2008, DOI: 10.1111\/j.1751-1097.2008.00400.x."},{"key":"801045_CR21","unstructured":"CIE (International Commission on Illumination), Action spectrum for the production of previtamin D3 in human skin, CIE, 174, 2006."},{"issue":"1","key":"801045_CR22","volume":"6","year":"1987","unstructured":"A reference action spectrum for ultraviolet induced erythema in human skin, ed. A. F. MacKinley and B. L. Diffey, CIE J., 1987, 6(1), 17\u201322.","journal-title":"CIE J."},{"key":"801045_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6281884","volume":"216","author":"J A MacLaughlin","year":"1982","unstructured":"J. A. MacLaughlin, R. R. Anderson and M. F. Holick, Spectral character of sunlight modulates photosynthesis of previtamin D3 and its photoisomers in human skin Science 1982 216 1001\u20131003.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"25","key":"801045_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5321","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.44.005321","volume":"44","author":"J Gr\u00f6bner","year":"2005","unstructured":"J. Gr\u00f6bner, et al., Traveling reference spectroradiometer for routine quality assurance of spectral solar ultraviolet irradiance measurements Appl. Opt. 2005 4425 5321\u20135331.","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"issue":"20","key":"801045_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2721","DOI":"10.1029\/95GL02824","volume":"22","author":"H Slaper","year":"1995","unstructured":"H. Slaper, H. A. J. M. Reinen, M. Blumthaler, M. Huber and F. Kuik, Comparing ground-level spectrally resolved solar UV measurements using various instruments: A technique resolving effects of wavelength shift and slit width Geophys. Res. Lett. 1995 2220 2721\u20132724.","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"issue":"10","key":"801045_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1860","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0450(1996)035<1860:AAFISU>2.0.CO;2","volume":"35","author":"G E Bodeker","year":"1996","unstructured":"G. E. Bodeker and R. L. McKenzie, An algorithm for inferring surface UV irradiance including cloud effects J. Appl. Meteorol. 1996 3510 1860\u20131877.","journal-title":"J. Appl. Meteorol."},{"key":"801045_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P. N. den Outer, H. Slaper and R. B. Tax, UV radiation in the Netherlands: Assessing long-term variability and trends in relation to ozone and clouds J. Geophys. Res. 2005 110, D02203, doi:10.1029\/2004JD004824.","DOI":"10.1029\/2004JD004824"},{"key":"801045_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D23201","DOI":"10.1029\/2007JD008454","volume":"112","author":"A Lindfors","year":"2007","unstructured":"A. Lindfors, J. Kaurola, A. Arola, T. Koskela, K. Lakkala, W. Josefsson, J. A. Olseth and B. Johnsen, A method for reconstruction of past UV radiation based on radiative transfer modeling: Applied to four stations in northern Europe J. Geophys. Res. 2007 112 D23201. 10.1029\/2007JD008454","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"801045_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2006.tb00267.x","volume":"184","author":"A J Samanek","year":"2006","unstructured":"A. J. Samanek, E. J. Croager, P. Gies, E. Milne, R. Prince, A. J. McMichael, R. M. Lucas and T. Slevin, Estimates of beneficial and harmful sun exposure times during the year for major Australian population centres Med. J. Aust. 2006 1847 338\u201341.","journal-title":"Med. J. Aust."},{"key":"801045_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.1029\/95GL01352","volume":"22","author":"G Seckmeyer","year":"1995","unstructured":"G. Seckmeyer, B. Mayer, G. Bernhard, R. L. McKenzie, P. V. Johnston, M. Kotkamp, C. R. Booth, T. Lucas, T. Mestechkina, C. R. Roy, H. P. Gies and D. Tomlinson, Geographical differences in the UV measured by intercompared spectroradiometers Geophys. Res. Lett. 1995 22 1889\u20131892.","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"801045_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1038\/359135a0","volume":"359","author":"G Seckmeyer","year":"1992","unstructured":"G. Seckmeyer and R. L. McKenzie, Increased ultraviolet radiation in New Zealand (45\u00b0 S) relative to Germany (48\u00b0 N) Nature 1992 359 135\u2013137.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"801045_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1039\/b804109a","volume":"7","author":"G Seckmeyer","year":"2008","unstructured":"G. Seckmeyer, M. Glandorf, C. Wichers, R. L. McKenzie, D. Henriques, F. Carvalho, A. Webb, A. M. Siani, A. Bais, B. Kjeldstad, C. Brogniez, P. Werle, T. Koskela, K. Lakkala, J. Groebner, H. Slaper, P. N. denOuter and U. Feister, Europe\u2019s darker atmosphere in the UV-B Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 2008 7 925\u2013930.","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol. Sci."}],"container-title":["Photochemical &amp; Photobiological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1039\/b811216a.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1039\/b811216a\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlepdf\/2009\/PP\/B811216A","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1039\/b811216a.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,2]],"date-time":"2022-11-02T09:44:44Z","timestamp":1667382284000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1039\/b811216a"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]}},"alternative-id":["801045"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/b811216a","relation":{},"ISSN":["1474-905X","1474-9092"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1474-905X","type":"print"},{"value":"1474-9092","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 January 2009","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}