{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T20:01:48Z","timestamp":1791576108321,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,29]],"date-time":"2011-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1317254400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Snake venom peptidomes are valuable sources of pharmacologically active compounds. We analyzed the peptidic fractions (peptides with molecular masses &amp;lt; 10\u2009000 Da) of venoms of Vipera ammodytes meridionalis (Viperinae), the most toxic snake in Europe, and Bothrops jararacussu (Crotalinae), an extremely poisonous snake of South America. Liquid chromatography\/mass spectrometry (LC\/MS), direct infusion electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and matrix-assisted desorption\/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) were applied to characterize the peptides of both snake venoms. 32 bradykinin-potentiating peptides (BPPs) were identified in the Crotalinae venom and their sequences determined. 3 metalloproteinaseinhibitors, 10 BPPs and a Kunitz-type inhibitor were observed in the Viperinae venom peptidome. Variability in the C-terminus of homologous BPPs was observed, which can influence the pharmacological effects. The data obtained so far show a subfamily specificity of the venom peptidome in the Viperidae family: BPPs are the major peptide component of the Crotalinae venom peptidome lacking Kunitz-type inhibitors (with one exception) while the Viperinae venom, in addition to BPPs, can contain peptides of the bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor family. We found indications for a post-translational phosphorylation of serine residues in Bothrops jararacussu venom BPP (S\u0332QGLPPGPPIP), which could be a regulatory mechanism in their interactions with ACE, and might influence the hypotensive effect. Homology between venom BPPs from Viperidae snakes and venom natriuretic peptide precursors from Elapidae snakes suggests a structural similarity between the respective peptides from the peptidomes of both snake families. The results demonstrate that the venoms of both snakes are rich sources of peptides influencing important physiological systems such as blood pressure regulation and hemostasis. The data can be used for pharmacological and medical applications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p\/>","DOI":"10.1039\/c1mb05309d","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,29]],"date-time":"2011-09-29T07:43:39Z","timestamp":1317282219000},"page":"3298-3307","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Venom peptide analysis of\n                    <i>Vipera ammodytes meridionalis<\/i>\n                    (Viperinae) and\n                    <i>Bothrops jararacussu<\/i>\n                    (Crotalinae) demonstrates subfamily-specificity of the peptidome in the family Viperidae"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Aisha","family":"Munawar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Engineering & Technology b , Lahore, Pakistan"},{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, Laboratory of Structural Biology of Infection and Inflammation a , c\/o DESY Notkestr. 85 Build. 22a, 22603 Hamburg Germany Christian.Betzel@uni-hamburg.de +49 4089984747 +49 4089984744"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Trusch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE) c , Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dessislava","family":"Georgieva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, Laboratory of Structural Biology of Infection and Inflammation a , c\/o DESY Notkestr. 85 Build. 22a, 22603 Hamburg Germany Christian.Betzel@uni-hamburg.de +49 4089984747 +49 4089984744"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Spencer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Biotecnologia, Instituto de Pesquisas Energ\u00e9ticas e Nucleares d , Av. Lineeu Prestes 2242, 05508-000 S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Violette","family":"Frochaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Humboldt University e , Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00f6nke","family":"Harder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE) c , Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raghuvir K","family":"Arni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, IBILCE\/UNESP f , Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o Colombo 2265 CEP 15054-000, S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deyan","family":"Duhalov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BUL BIO-NCIPD ltd g , \u201cY. Sakasov\u201d \u2013 Str. 26, Sofia Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolay","family":"Genov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Organic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences h , 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hartmut","family":"Schl\u00fcter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE) c , Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Betzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, Laboratory of Structural Biology of Infection and Inflammation a , c\/o DESY Notkestr. 85 Build. 22a, 22603 Hamburg Germany Christian.Betzel@uni-hamburg.de +49 4089984747 +49 4089984744"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012913130148900_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1586\/14789450.5.6.787","article-title":"Proteome analysis of snake venom toxins: pharmacological insights","volume":"5","author":"Georgieva","year":"2008","journal-title":"Expert Rev. 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