{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T18:33:50Z","timestamp":1790620430219,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)","content-domain":{"domain":["rsc.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Faraday Discuss."],"abstract":"<p>\n                    This study aims to assess the clinical utility of a rapid fiber-optic Raman spectroscopy technique developed for enhancing\n                    <italic>in vivo<\/italic>\n                    diagnosis of gastric precancer during endoscopic examination. We have developed a real-time fiber-optic Raman spectroscopy system capable of simultaneously acquiring both fingerprint (FP) (\n                    <italic>i.e.<\/italic>\n                    , 800\u20131800 cm\n                    <sup>\u22121<\/sup>\n                    ) and high-wavenumber (HW) (\n                    <italic>i.e.<\/italic>\n                    , 2800\u20133600 cm\n                    <sup>\u22121<\/sup>\n                    ) Raman spectra from gastric tissue\n                    <italic>in vivo<\/italic>\n                    at endoscopy. A total of 5792 high-quality\n                    <italic>in vivo<\/italic>\n                    FP\/HW Raman spectra (normal (\n                    <italic>n<\/italic>\n                    = 5160); dysplasia (\n                    <italic>n<\/italic>\n                    = 155), and adenocarcinoma (\n                    <italic>n<\/italic>\n                    = 477)) were acquired in real-time from 441 tissue sites (normal (\n                    <italic>n<\/italic>\n                    = 396); dysplasia (\n                    <italic>n<\/italic>\n                    = 11), and adenocarcinoma (\n                    <italic>n<\/italic>\n                    = 34)) of 191 gastric patients (normal (\n                    <italic>n<\/italic>\n                    = 172); dysplasia (\n                    <italic>n<\/italic>\n                    = 6), and adenocarcinoma (\n                    <italic>n<\/italic>\n                    = 13)) undergoing routine endoscopic examinations. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) together with leave-one-patient-out cross validation (LOPCV) were implemented to develop robust spectral diagnostic models. The FP\/HW Raman spectra differ significantly between normal, dysplasia and adenocarcinoma of the stomach, which can be attributed to changes in proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and the bound water content. PLS-DA and LOPCV show that the fiber-optic FP\/HW Raman spectroscopy provides diagnostic sensitivities of 96.0%, 81.8% and 88.2%, and specificities of 86.7%, 95.3% and 95.6%, respectively, for the classification of normal, dysplastic and cancerous gastric tissue, superior to either the FP or HW Raman techniques alone. Further dichotomous PLS-DA analysis yields a sensitivity of 90.9% (10\/11) and specificity of 95.9% (380\/396) for the detection of gastric dysplasia using FP\/HW Raman spectroscopy, substantiating its clinical advantages over white light reflectance endoscopy (sensitivity: 90.9% (10\/11), and specificity: 51.0% (202\/396)). This work demonstrates that the fiber-optic FP\/HW Raman spectroscopy technique has great promise for enhancing\n                    <italic>in vivo<\/italic>\n                    diagnosis of gastric precancer during routine endoscopic examination.\n                  <\/p>","DOI":"10.1039\/c5fd00151j","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,20]],"date-time":"2015-11-20T07:01:08Z","timestamp":1448002868000},"page":"377-392","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/rsc_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Fiber-optic Raman spectroscopy for in vivo diagnosis of gastric dysplasia"],"prefix":"10.1039","volume":"187","author":[{"given":"Jianfeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Optical Bioimaging Laboratory"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering"},{"name":"Faculty of Engineering"},{"name":"National University of Singapore"},{"name":"Singapore 117576"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kan","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optical Bioimaging Laboratory"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering"},{"name":"Faculty of Engineering"},{"name":"National University of Singapore"},{"name":"Singapore 117576"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optical Bioimaging Laboratory"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering"},{"name":"Faculty of Engineering"},{"name":"National University of Singapore"},{"name":"Singapore 117576"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khek Yu","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine"},{"name":"Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine"},{"name":"National University of Singapore"},{"name":"National University Health System"},{"name":"Singapore 119260"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Teh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology"},{"name":"Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine"},{"name":"National University of Singapore"},{"name":"National University Health System"},{"name":"Singapore 119074"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khay Guan","family":"Yeoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine"},{"name":"Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine"},{"name":"National University of Singapore"},{"name":"National University Health System"},{"name":"Singapore 119260"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiwei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optical Bioimaging Laboratory"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering"},{"name":"Faculty of Engineering"},{"name":"National University of Singapore"},{"name":"Singapore 117576"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"292","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"reference":[{"key":"C5FD00151J-(cit1)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21262","volume":"65","author":"Torre","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ca-Cancer J. 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