{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T18:45:54Z","timestamp":1783017954088,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000270","name":"Natural Environment Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NE\/H002112\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NE\/H002112\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000270","name":"Natural Environment Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NE\/H003193\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NE\/H003193\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000270","name":"Natural Environment Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NE\/J500197\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NE\/J500197\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["rsc.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Faraday Discuss."],"abstract":"<p>\n                    There is growing global consumption of non-fossil fuels such as ethanol made from renewable biomass. Previous studies have shown that one of the main air quality disadvantages of using ethanol blended fuels is a significant increase in the production of acetaldehyde, an unregulated and toxic pollutant. Most studies on the impacts of ethanol blended gasoline have been carried out in the US and Brazil, with much less focus on the UK and Europe. We report time resolved measurements of ethanol in London during the winter and summer of 2012. In both seasons the mean mixing ratio of ethanol was around 5 ppb, with maximum values over 30 ppb, making ethanol currently the most abundant VOC in London air. We identify a road transport related source, with \u2018rush-hour\u2019 peaks observed. Ethanol is strongly correlated with other road transport-related emissions, such as small aromatics and light alkanes, and has no relationship to summer biogenic emissions. To determine the impact of road transport-related ethanol emission on secondary species (\n                    <italic>i.e.<\/italic>\n                    acetaldehyde and ozone), we use both a chemically detailed box model (incorporating the Master Chemical Mechanism, MCM) and a global and nested regional scale chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem), on various processing time scales. Using the MCM model, only 16% of the modelled acetaldehyde was formed from ethanol oxidation. However, the model significantly underpredicts the total levels of acetaldehyde, indicating a missing primary emission source, that appears to be traffic-related. Further support for a primary emission source comes from the regional scale model simulations, where the observed concentrations of ethanol and acetaldehyde can only be reconciled with the inclusion of large primary emissions. Although only constrained by one set of observations, the regional modelling suggests a European ethanol source similar in magnitude to that of ethane (\u223c60 Gg per year) and greater than that of acetaldehyde (\u223c10 Gg per year). The increased concentrations of ethanol and acetaldehyde from primary emissions impacts both radical and NO\n                    <sub>x<\/sub>\n                    cycling over Europe, resulting in significant regional impacts on NO\n                    <sub>y<\/sub>\n                    speciation and O\n                    <sub>3<\/sub>\n                    concentrations, with potential changes to human exposure to air pollutants.\n                  <\/p>","DOI":"10.1039\/c5fd00190k","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,17]],"date-time":"2015-12-17T06:35:08Z","timestamp":1450334108000},"page":"105-120","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/rsc_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Atmospheric ethanol in London and the potential impacts of future fuel formulations"],"prefix":"10.1039","volume":"189","author":[{"given":"Rachel E.","family":"Dunmore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratory"},{"name":"University of York"},{"name":"York"},{"name":"UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa K.","family":"Whalley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry"},{"name":"University of Leeds"},{"name":"Leeds"},{"name":"UK"},{"name":"National Centre for Atmospheric Science"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom\u00e1s","family":"Sherwen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratory"},{"name":"University of York"},{"name":"York"},{"name":"UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathew J.","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratory"},{"name":"University of York"},{"name":"York"},{"name":"UK"},{"name":"National Centre for Atmospheric Science"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dwayne E.","family":"Heard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry"},{"name":"University of Leeds"},{"name":"Leeds"},{"name":"UK"},{"name":"National Centre for Atmospheric Science"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James R.","family":"Hopkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratory"},{"name":"University of York"},{"name":"York"},{"name":"UK"},{"name":"National Centre for Atmospheric Science"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James D.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratory"},{"name":"University of York"},{"name":"York"},{"name":"UK"},{"name":"National Centre for Atmospheric Science"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alastair C.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratory"},{"name":"University of York"},{"name":"York"},{"name":"UK"},{"name":"National Centre for Atmospheric Science"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard T.","family":"Lidster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratory"},{"name":"University of York"},{"name":"York"},{"name":"UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew R.","family":"Rickard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratory"},{"name":"University of York"},{"name":"York"},{"name":"UK"},{"name":"National Centre for Atmospheric Science"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline F.","family":"Hamilton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratory"},{"name":"University of York"},{"name":"York"},{"name":"UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"292","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"reference":[{"key":"C5FD00190K-(cit1)\/*[position()=1]","volume-title":"Road transport emissions from biofuel consumption in the UK","author":"Murrells","year":"2008","unstructured":"T.\n            Murrells\n           and Y.Li, Road transport emissions from biofuel consumption in the UK, Aea energy & environment, technical report, 2008"},{"key":"C5FD00190K-(cit2)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.02.046","volume":"452\u2013453","author":"L\u00f3pez-Aparicio","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. 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Dunmore (ResearcherID)","URL":"http:\/\/www.researcherid.com\/rid\/N-8273-2015","name":"identifier","group":{"name":"author_identifiers","label":"IDENTIFIERS"}},{"value":"The Royal Society of Chemistry has an exclusive publication licence for this journal","name":"copyright_licence","group":{"name":"copyright_licensing","label":"COPYRIGHT AND LICENSING"}},{"value":"The accepted version of this article will be made freely available after a 12 month embargo period","name":"copyright_licence","label":"OPEN ACCESS","group":{"name":"copyright_licensing","label":"COPYRIGHT AND LICENSING"}},{"value":"Single-blind","order":2,"name":"peer_review_method","group":{"name":"peer_review_method","label":"PEER REVIEW METHOD"}},{"value":"Received 23 November 2015; Accepted 16 December 2015;  Accepted Manuscript published 16 December 2015;  Advance Article published 19 April 2016;  Version of Record published 18 July 2016","order":1,"name":"history","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"PUBLICATION HISTORY"}}]}}