{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T15:49:39Z","timestamp":1784908179038,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,13]],"date-time":"2015-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1436745600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["rsc.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Amphotericin B and anidulafungin are widely used antifungal drugs for the treatment of systemic and serious mycoses. Amphotericin B is a relatively toxic drug which has long been established. This study is first of its kind to systematically investigate the nature of binding to DNA, and to evaluate intercalation of AMP-B or ANIDULA with the aid of UV-Vis, ITC, and CD spectroscopy. The binding affinity of AMP-B with exclusion sites of 4.68 base pairs (1.2 \u00d7 105 M\u22121) was found to be higher than that of ANIDULA with exclusion sites of 6.67 base pairs (3.78 \u00d7 104 M\u22121); consistent with the binding affinity values obtained for AMP-B (105 M\u22121) and ANIDULA (104 M\u22121). The binding of two drugs with double-stranded DNA was favoured by negative enthalpy as well as negative entropy changes. The intercalation of drugs to duplex polynucleotide induced changes in the intrinsic CD spectra and revealed comparatively higher affinity towards AMP-B than ANIDULA. Molecular docking studies revealed that the negative binding energy was higher in the case of AMP-B reflecting more affinity towards single-stranded DNA. The results of the cytotoxicity, immunoblotting, and gene specific LA-QPCR assay have indicated that ANIDULA is less genotoxic than AMP-B. Hence, the superiority of ANIDULA over AMP-B as a systemic antifungal drug has been established beyond doubt.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p\/>","DOI":"10.1039\/c5mb00366k","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,13]],"date-time":"2015-07-13T12:30:05Z","timestamp":1436790605000},"page":"2551-2559","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/rsc_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Amphotericin B and anidulafungin directly interact with DNA and induce oxidative damage in the mammalian genome"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Santi M","family":"Mandal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Research Facility, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology a , Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302 India \u00a0 mandalsm@gmail.com \u00a0 91-3222-282481 \u00a0 +91-3222-282486"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anirban","family":"Chakraborty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch b , Galveston, TX 77555, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maidul","family":"Hossain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Vidyasagar University c , Midnapore 721102, WB, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denial","family":"Mahata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Research Facility, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology a , Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302 India \u00a0 mandalsm@gmail.com \u00a0 91-3222-282481 \u00a0 +91-3222-282486"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William F","family":"Porto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Graduate Program in Genetics and Biotechnology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora d , Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ranadhir","family":"Chakraborty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, North Bengal University e , Siliguri-734013, Darjeeling, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chinmay K","family":"Mukhopadhyay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University f , New Delhi 110 067, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Octavio L","family":"Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S-Inova Biotech, Pos-GRaduacao em Biotecnologia, Universidade Catolica Dom Bosco g , Campo GRande, MS, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Graduate Program in Genetics and Biotechnology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora d , Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tapas K","family":"Hazra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch b , Galveston, TX 77555, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amit","family":"Basak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Research Facility, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology a , Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302 India \u00a0 mandalsm@gmail.com \u00a0 91-3222-282481 \u00a0 +91-3222-282486"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026010815105293900_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1086\/505204","article-title":"Anidulafungin: A novel echinocandin","volume":"11","author":"Vazquez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. 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