{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T18:24:48Z","timestamp":1782930288180,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)","content-domain":{"domain":["rsc.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Faraday Discuss."],"abstract":"<p>\n                    The photocatalytic production of molecular hydrogen (H\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    ) on ternary composites of Pt, CdS, and sodium trititanate nanotubes (Na\n                    <sub>x<\/sub>\n                    H\n                    <sub>2\u2212x<\/sub>\n                    Ti\n                    <sub>3<\/sub>\n                    O\n                    <sub>7<\/sub>\n                    , TNTs) is examined in an aqueous 2-propanol (IPA) solution (typically 5 vol%) at a circum-neutral pH under visible light (\n                    <italic>\u03bb<\/italic>\n                    &gt; 420 nm). The H\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    production rates are dependent on the Pt-loading level, and the optimum production rate in the Pt\/CdS\/TNTs is approximately six times higher than that in Pt\/CdS\/TiO\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    . A D\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    O solution containing 5 vol% IPA leads only to the production of D\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    molecules, whereas increasing the IPA amount to 30 vol% leads to the production of DH molecules. This indicates that the Pt\/CdS\/TNTs composites enable H\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    production\n                    <italic>via<\/italic>\n                    true water splitting under our typical experimental conditions. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses of the as-synthesized Pt\/CdS\/TNTs and those used for 6 and 12 h show that metallic Pt on the CdS\/TNTs is less susceptible to oxidation than Pt on CdS\/TiO\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    . In addition, photocorrosion of CdS (\n                    <italic>i.e.<\/italic>\n                    , sulfate formation) is significantly inhibited during the photocatalytic H\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    production reactions in the Pt\/CdS\/TNTs because of the efficient charge transfer\n                    <italic>via<\/italic>\n                    the TNTs framework. The Pt\/CdS\/TNTs samples are thermally more stable than Pt\/CdS\/TiO\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    and CdS\/TNTs, effectively inhibiting the formation of CdO during the thermal synthesis. Detailed surface characterizations of the as-synthesized ternary composites are performed using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and XPS.\n                  <\/p>","DOI":"10.1039\/c6fd00192k","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,7]],"date-time":"2016-11-07T11:53:38Z","timestamp":1478519618000},"page":"419-431","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/rsc_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Photocatalytic H\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    production on trititanate nanotubes coupled with CdS and platinum nanoparticles under visible light: revisiting H\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    production and material durability"],"prefix":"10.1039","volume":"198","author":[{"given":"Hyunwoong","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Energy Engineering"},{"name":"Kyungpook National University"},{"name":"Daegu 41566"},{"name":"Korea"},{"name":"School of Architectural, Civil, Environmental and Energy Engineering"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsin-Hung","family":"Ou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Linde-Robinson Laboratories"},{"name":"California Institute of Technology"},{"name":"Pasadena"},{"name":"USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minju","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Energy Engineering"},{"name":"Kyungpook National University"},{"name":"Daegu 41566"},{"name":"Korea"},{"name":"School of Architectural, Civil, Environmental and Energy Engineering"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Unseock","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Energy Engineering"},{"name":"Kyungpook National University"},{"name":"Daegu 41566"},{"name":"Korea"},{"name":"School of Architectural, Civil, Environmental and Energy Engineering"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong Suk","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Engineering Program"},{"name":"Texas A&M University at Qatar"},{"name":"Education City"},{"name":"Doha"},{"name":"Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael R.","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Linde-Robinson Laboratories"},{"name":"California Institute of Technology"},{"name":"Pasadena"},{"name":"USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"292","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"reference":[{"key":"C6FD00192K-(cit1)\/*[position()=1]","volume-title":"Materials and Processes for Solar Fuel Production","year":"2014","unstructured":"Materials and Processes for Solar Fuel Production, ed. B. Viswananthan, V. Subramanian and J. S. Lee, Springer, New York, 2014"},{"key":"C6FD00192K-(cit2)\/*[position()=1]","volume-title":"Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting: Materials, Processes and Architectures","year":"2013","unstructured":"Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting: Materials, Processes and Architectures, ed. H.-J. Lewerenz and L. Peter, RSC Publishing, Cambridge, 2013"},{"key":"C6FD00192K-(cit3)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-1380-6","volume-title":"Photoelectrochemical Solar Hydrogen Production","author":"van de Krol","year":"2012","unstructured":"R.\n            van de Krol\n           and M.Gratzel, Photoelectrochemical Solar Hydrogen Production, Springer, New York, 2012"},{"key":"C6FD00192K-(cit4)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-72810-0","volume-title":"Solar Hydrogen Generation: Toward a Renewable Energy Future","author":"Rajeshwar","year":"2008","unstructured":"K.\n            Rajeshwar\n          , R.McConnell and S.Licht, Solar Hydrogen Generation: Toward a Renewable Energy Future, Springer, New York, 2008"},{"key":"C6FD00192K-(cit5)\/*[position()=1]","volume-title":"On Solar Hydrogen & Nanotechnology","author":"Vayssieres","year":"2009","unstructured":"L.\n            Vayssieres\n          , On Solar Hydrogen & Nanotechnology, Wiley, Singapore, 2009"},{"key":"C6FD00192K-(cit6)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1039\/B808138G","volume":"2","author":"Navarro","year":"2009","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"C6FD00192K-(cit7)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2891","DOI":"10.1021\/cr0500535","volume":"107","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"C6FD00192K-(cit8)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotochemrev.2011.02.003","volume":"11","author":"Abe","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol., C"},{"key":"C6FD00192K-(cit9)\/*[position()=1]","volume-title":"Materials and Processes for Solar Fuel Production","author":"Jang","year":"2014","unstructured":"J. S.\n            Jang\n           and H.Park, in Materials and Processes for Solar Fuel Production, ed. B. Viswanathan, V. Subramanian and J. S. Lee, Springer, 2014"},{"key":"C6FD00192K-(cit10)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1039\/C0EE00330A","volume":"4","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"C6FD00192K-(cit11)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6141","DOI":"10.1021\/jp2015319","volume":"115","author":"Park","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"C6FD00192K-(cit12)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5975","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2008.07.105","volume":"33","author":"Jang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrogen Energy"},{"key":"C6FD00192K-(cit13)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5866(03)00058-3","volume":"32","author":"Wang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"C6FD00192K-(cit14)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12069","DOI":"10.1021\/jp8037279","volume":"112","author":"Silva","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"C6FD00192K-(cit15)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2379","DOI":"10.1039\/b718759a","volume":"18","author":"Park","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem."},{"key":"C6FD00192K-(cit16)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cattod.2004.09.004","volume":"98","author":"Shi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Catal. Today"},{"key":"C6FD00192K-(cit17)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2371","DOI":"10.1039\/b718535a","volume":"18","author":"Choi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem."},{"key":"C6FD00192K-(cit18)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11466","DOI":"10.1021\/jp2023617","volume":"115","author":"Jia","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"C6FD00192K-(cit19)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2013.05.075","volume":"142\u2013143","author":"Khan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl. Catal., B"},{"key":"C6FD00192K-(cit20)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2012.06.018","volume":"125","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl. Catal., B"},{"key":"C6FD00192K-(cit21)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-6030(02)00396-9","volume":"156","author":"Kumar","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol., A"},{"key":"C6FD00192K-(cit22)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4658","DOI":"10.1021\/jp511329d","volume":"119","author":"Park","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. A"},{"key":"C6FD00192K-(cit23)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cattod.2015.09.017","volume":"266","author":"Park","year":"2016","journal-title":"Catal. Today"},{"key":"C6FD00192K-(cit24)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1002\/bbpc.19820860409","volume":"86","author":"Henglein","year":"1982","journal-title":"Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem."},{"key":"C6FD00192K-(cit25)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1002\/bbpc.19830870605","volume":"87","author":"Gutierrez","year":"1983","journal-title":"Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem."},{"key":"C6FD00192K-(cit26)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7476","DOI":"10.1021\/ie0703033","volume":"46","author":"Ryu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"key":"C6FD00192K-(cit27)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6663","DOI":"10.1021\/j100283a014","volume":"90","author":"Hykaway","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem."},{"key":"C6FD00192K-(cit28)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelechem.2015.05.029","volume":"751","author":"Kalamaras","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Electroanal. Chem."},{"key":"C6FD00192K-(cit29)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1021\/ar00051a007","volume":"28","author":"Bard","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"key":"C6FD00192K-(cit30)\/*[position()=1]","volume-title":"Experimental Methods, and Protocols","author":"Chen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Z.\n            Chen\n          , H. N.Dinh and E.Miller, Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting: Standards, Experimental Methods, and Protocols, Springer, 2013"},{"key":"C6FD00192K-(cit31)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1021\/j100277a024","volume":"90","author":"Reber","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem."},{"key":"C6FD00192K-(cit32)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1039\/C39840000342","author":"Serpone","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun."},{"key":"C6FD00192K-(cit33)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/s11244-006-0051-4","volume":"39","author":"Bavykin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Top. Catal."},{"key":"C6FD00192K-(cit34)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2010.06.002","volume":"99","author":"Ou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Appl. Catal., B"},{"key":"C6FD00192K-(cit35)\/*[position()=1]","volume-title":"Titanate and Titania Nanotubes: Synthesis, Properties and Applications","author":"Bavykin","year":"2010","unstructured":"D. V.\n            Bavykin\n           and F. C.Walsh, Titanate and Titania Nanotubes: Synthesis, Properties and Applications, RSC Publishing, Cambridge, 2010"},{"key":"C6FD00192K-(cit36)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4507","DOI":"10.1021\/es703211u","volume":"42","author":"Ou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"C6FD00192K-(cit38)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5134","DOI":"10.1039\/c0jm03945d","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem."},{"key":"C6FD00192K-(cit39)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24260","DOI":"10.1021\/jp055278y","volume":"109","author":"Kim","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. B"},{"key":"C6FD00192K-(cit40)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/1010-6030(95)04290-3","volume":"96","author":"Ranjit","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol., A"},{"key":"C6FD00192K-(cit41)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6503","DOI":"10.1021\/cr1001645","volume":"110","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"C6FD00192K-(cit42)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-6028(91)90640-E","volume":"254","author":"Gonbeau","year":"1991","journal-title":"Surf. Sci."},{"key":"C6FD00192K-(cit43)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2008.03.009","volume":"84","author":"Yu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl. Catal., B"}],"container-title":["Faraday Discussions"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlepdf\/2017\/FD\/C6FD00192K","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T17:39:28Z","timestamp":1782927568000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/fd\/article\/524059"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"references-count":42,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/c6fd00192k","relation":{},"ISSN":["1359-6640","1364-5498"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1359-6640","type":"print"},{"value":"1364-5498","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"assertion":[{"value":"This document is Similarity Check deposited","name":"similarity_check","explanation":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.crossref.org\/services\/similarity-check\/"},"group":{"name":"similarity_check","label":"SIMILARITY CHECK"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/C7FD90018J","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/C7FD90018J","name":"related_article","label":"CrossRef DOI Link to Discussion:","group":{"name":"associated_articles","label":"ASSOCIATED ARTICLES"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/C7FD90018J","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/C7FD90018J","name":"related_article","label":"CrossRef DOI Link to Discussion:","group":{"name":"associated_articles","label":"ASSOCIATED ARTICLES"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/C7FD90018J","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/C7FD90018J","name":"related_article","label":"CrossRef DOI Link to Discussion:","group":{"name":"associated_articles","label":"ASSOCIATED ARTICLES"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/C7FD90018J","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/C7FD90018J","name":"related_article","label":"CrossRef DOI Link to Discussion:","group":{"name":"associated_articles","label":"ASSOCIATED ARTICLES"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/C7FD90018J","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/C7FD90018J","name":"related_article","label":"CrossRef DOI Link to Discussion:","group":{"name":"associated_articles","label":"ASSOCIATED ARTICLES"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/C7FD90018J","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/C7FD90018J","name":"related_article","label":"CrossRef DOI Link to Discussion:","group":{"name":"associated_articles","label":"ASSOCIATED ARTICLES"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/C7FD90018J","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/C7FD90018J","name":"related_article","label":"CrossRef DOI Link to Discussion:","group":{"name":"associated_articles","label":"ASSOCIATED ARTICLES"}},{"value":"Supplementary Information","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/C6FD00192K","name":"related_data","group":{"name":"related_data","label":"RELATED DATA"}},{"value":"The Royal Society of Chemistry has an exclusive publication licence for this journal","name":"copyright_licence","group":{"name":"copyright_licensing","label":"COPYRIGHT AND LICENSING"}},{"value":"Single-blind","order":2,"name":"peer_review_method","group":{"name":"peer_review_method","label":"PEER REVIEW METHOD"}},{"value":"Received 19 September 2016; Accepted 7 November 2016;  Accepted Manuscript published 7 November 2016;  Advance Article published 8 March 2017;  Version of Record published 2 June 2017","order":1,"name":"history","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"PUBLICATION HISTORY"}}]}}