{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T07:34:56Z","timestamp":1777707296258,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]],"date-time":"2024-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2269,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,7]],"date-time":"2019-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546819200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":124,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011889","name":"Diamond Light Source","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SP8504"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SP8504"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011889","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011889","name":"Diamond Light Source","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["SP8504"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SP8504"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011889","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["rsc.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>In this study, we measured the levels of elements in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (ECs) infected with T. gondii. ECs were infected with tachyzoites of the RH strain, and at 6, 24, and 48 hours post infection (hpi), the intracellular concentrations of elements were determined using a synchrotron\u2013microfocus X-ray fluorescence microscopy (\u03bc-XRF) system. This method enabled the quantification of the concentrations of Zn and Ca in infected and uninfected (control) ECs at sub-micron spatial resolution. T. gondii-hosting ECs contained less Zn than uninfected cells only at 48 hpi (p &amp;lt; 0.01). The level of Ca was not significantly different between infected and control cells (p &amp;gt; 0.05). Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis revealed infection-specific metallome profiles characterized by significant increases in the intracellular levels of Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu at 48 hpi (p &amp;lt; 0.01), and significant reductions in the extracellular concentrations of Co, Cu, Mo, V, and Ag at 24 hpi (p &amp;lt; 0.05) compared with control cells. Zn constituted the largest part (74%) of the total metal composition (metallome) of the parasite. Gene expression analysis showed infection-specific upregulation in the expression of five genes, MT1JP, MT1M, MT1E, MT1F, and MT1X, belonging to the metallothionein gene family. These results point to a possible correlation between T. gondii infection and increased expression of MT1 isoforms and altered intracellular levels of elements, especially Zn and Fe. Taken together, a combined \u03bc-XRF and ICP-MS approach is promising for studies of the role of elements in mediating host\u2013parasite interaction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1039\/c8mt00136g","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,5]],"date-time":"2018-09-05T10:05:01Z","timestamp":1536141901000},"page":"1401-1414","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/rsc_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Metallome of cerebrovascular endothelial cells infected with <i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i> using \u03bc-XRF imaging and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Alaa T","family":"Al-sandaqchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham , Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Brignell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham , NG7 2RD,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8423-4183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna F","family":"Collingwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, University of Warwick , Coventry, CV4 7AL,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kalotina","family":"Geraki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diamond Light Source , Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1474-1734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evgeny M","family":"Mirkes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mathematics Department, University of Leicester , University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenny","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham , University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcos","family":"Castellanos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nottingham Arabidopsis Stock Centre, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham , Loughborough LE12 5RD,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5282-3250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sean T","family":"May","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nottingham Arabidopsis Stock Centre, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham , Loughborough LE12 5RD,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carl W","family":"Stevenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham , Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3303-930X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hany M","family":"Elsheikha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham , Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024112100283892100_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-7580.2002.00064.x","article-title":"Astrocyte\u2013endothelial interactions and blood\u2013brain barrier permeability","volume":"200","author":"Abbott","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. 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Collingwood (ORCID)","URL":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8423-4183","name":"identifier","group":{"name":"author_identifiers","label":"IDENTIFIERS"}},{"value":"Joanna F. Collingwood (ResearcherID)","URL":"http:\/\/www.researcherid.com\/rid\/O-5503-2017","name":"identifier","group":{"name":"author_identifiers","label":"IDENTIFIERS"}},{"value":"Evgeny M. Mirkes (ORCID)","URL":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1474-1734","name":"identifier","group":{"name":"author_identifiers","label":"IDENTIFIERS"}},{"value":"Sean T. May (ORCID)","URL":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5282-3250","name":"identifier","group":{"name":"author_identifiers","label":"IDENTIFIERS"}},{"value":"Sean T. May (ResearcherID)","URL":"http:\/\/www.researcherid.com\/rid\/B-6838-2012","name":"identifier","group":{"name":"author_identifiers","label":"IDENTIFIERS"}},{"value":"Hany M. Elsheikha (ORCID)","URL":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3303-930X","name":"identifier","group":{"name":"author_identifiers","label":"IDENTIFIERS"}},{"value":"Hany M. Elsheikha (ResearcherID)","URL":"http:\/\/www.researcherid.com\/rid\/G-7573-2011","name":"identifier","group":{"name":"author_identifiers","label":"IDENTIFIERS"}},{"value":"Single-blind","order":2,"name":"peer_review_method","group":{"name":"peer_review_method","label":"PEER REVIEW METHOD"}},{"value":"Received 15 June 2018; Accepted 14 August 2018;  Advance Article published 5 September 2018;  Version of Record published 17 October 2018","order":1,"name":"history","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"PUBLICATION HISTORY"}}]}}