{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T09:59:57Z","timestamp":1789293597503,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,12]],"date-time":"2020-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605139200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":316,"URL":"http:\/\/rsc.li\/journals-terms-of-use"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology","award":["SR\/NM\/TP-56\/2012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SR\/NM\/TP-56\/2012"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002183","name":"Department of Electronics and Information Technology, Ministry of Communications and Information Technology","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002183","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["rsc.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Analyst"],"abstract":"<p>Dirac point of non-covalently functionalized graphene field effect transistors has been demonstrated as a reliable parameter for rapid (\u223c40 s), reliable and ultra-sensitive (ppm-level) detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene under ambient conditions.<\/p>","DOI":"10.1039\/c9an01962f","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,11]],"date-time":"2019-11-11T21:23:34Z","timestamp":1573507414000},"page":"917-928","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/rsc_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Ultra-sensitive gas phase detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene by non-covalently functionalized graphene field effect transistors"],"prefix":"10.1039","volume":"145","author":[{"given":"Ashwini S.","family":"Gajarushi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering"},{"name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay"},{"name":"Mumbai-400076"},{"name":"India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandeep G.","family":"Surya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering"},{"name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay"},{"name":"Mumbai-400076"},{"name":"India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mrinalini G.","family":"Walawalkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry"},{"name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay"},{"name":"Mumbai-400076"},{"name":"India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0193-6081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Ravikanth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry"},{"name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay"},{"name":"Mumbai-400076"},{"name":"India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V. Ramgopal","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering"},{"name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay"},{"name":"Mumbai-400076"},{"name":"India"},{"name":"Indian Institute of Technology Delhi"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8335-7395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chandramouli","family":"Subramaniam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry"},{"name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay"},{"name":"Mumbai-400076"},{"name":"India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"292","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"reference":[{"key":"C9AN01962F-(cit1)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1021\/je60068a026","volume":"21","author":"Rouse","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. Chem. Eng. Data"},{"key":"C9AN01962F-(cit2)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-9140(00)00565-8","volume":"54","author":"Ewing","year":"2001","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"C9AN01962F-(cit3)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-4018(02)01250-6","volume":"204","author":"Heflinger","year":"2002","journal-title":"Opt. Commun."},{"key":"C9AN01962F-(cit4)\/*[position()=1]","first-page":"2092","author":"Strecker","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc. SPIE-Int. Soc. Opt. Eng."},{"key":"C9AN01962F-(cit5)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-9140(00)00542-7","volume":"54","author":"Yang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"C9AN01962F-(cit6)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2005.03.091","volume":"109","author":"Baratto","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, B"},{"key":"C9AN01962F-(cit7)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1504867","volume":"81","author":"Comini","year":"2002","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"C9AN01962F-(cit8)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2009.02.034","volume":"138","author":"Huang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, B"},{"key":"C9AN01962F-(cit9)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2777","DOI":"10.1088\/0022-3727\/40\/9\/016","volume":"40","author":"Rout","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys."},{"key":"C9AN01962F-(cit10)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2015.09.076","volume":"223","author":"Surya","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, B"},{"key":"C9AN01962F-(cit11)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2017.2786739","volume":"18","author":"Surya","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"C9AN01962F-(cit12)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1021\/nl100170j","volume":"10","author":"Sun","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"C9AN01962F-(cit13)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16459","DOI":"10.1039\/C7NR05057G","volume":"9","author":"Ben-Jaber","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"C9AN01962F-(cit14)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9596","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201203810","volume":"51","author":"Mathew","year":"2012","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"C9AN01962F-(cit15)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2108","DOI":"10.1039\/b917640c","volume":"20","author":"Sajanlal","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem."},{"key":"C9AN01962F-(cit16)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39907","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b11866","volume":"9","author":"Moronshing","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"C9AN01962F-(cit17)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1624","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2014.2364519","volume":"15","author":"Sekhar","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"C9AN01962F-(cit18)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2011.03.007","volume":"190","author":"Sekhar","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"C9AN01962F-(cit19)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3991(03)00071-8","volume":"97","author":"Muralidharan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ultramicroscopy"},{"key":"C9AN01962F-(cit20)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124902","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4896255","volume":"116","author":"Ray","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"C9AN01962F-(cit21)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1080\/07370658608011353","volume":"4","author":"Dionne","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Energ. Mater."},{"key":"C9AN01962F-(cit22)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssc.2008.02.024","volume":"146","author":"Bolotin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Solid State Commun."},{"key":"C9AN01962F-(cit23)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6223(00)00155-X","volume":"39","author":"Peigney","year":"2001","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"C9AN01962F-(cit24)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat1849","volume":"6","author":"Geim","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"C9AN01962F-(cit25)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.81.109","volume":"81","author":"Neto","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev. Mod. Phys."},{"key":"C9AN01962F-(cit26)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.83.407","volume":"83","author":"Sarma","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev. Mod. Phys."},{"key":"C9AN01962F-(cit27)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1007\/s12045-011-0029-9","volume":"16","author":"Deshmukh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Resonance"},{"key":"C9AN01962F-(cit28)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1021\/nl801827v","volume":"9","author":"Reina","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"C9AN01962F-(cit29)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2014.07.015","volume":"78","author":"Mogera","year":"2014","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"C9AN01962F-(cit30)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425301","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-4484\/23\/42\/425301","volume":"23","author":"Kurra","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nanotechnology"},{"key":"C9AN01962F-(cit31)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat1967","volume":"6","author":"Schedin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"C9AN01962F-(cit32)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1002\/pssa.201330522","volume":"211","author":"Lanche","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phys. Status Solidi A"},{"key":"C9AN01962F-(cit33)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4061","DOI":"10.1021\/nl1021128","volume":"10","author":"Niyogi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"C9AN01962F-(cit34)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6156","DOI":"10.1021\/cr3000412","volume":"112","author":"Georgakilas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"C9AN01962F-(cit35)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.200801711","volume":"5","author":"Dong","year":"2009","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"C9AN01962F-(cit36)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1038\/nchem.212","volume":"1","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Chem."},{"key":"C9AN01962F-(cit37)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2897","DOI":"10.1021\/jz201273r","volume":"2","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"C9AN01962F-(cit38)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1038\/nchem.2159","volume":"7","author":"Auw\u00e4rter","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Chem."},{"key":"C9AN01962F-(cit39)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11956","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.5b01946","volume":"7","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"C9AN01962F-(cit40)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2017.12.163","volume":"260","author":"Guillen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, B"},{"key":"C9AN01962F-(cit41)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/s12633-015-9304-9","volume":"7","author":"Ahmadi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Silicon"},{"key":"C9AN01962F-(cit42)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12164","DOI":"10.1039\/c2ra21271d","volume":"2","author":"Rana","year":"2012","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"C9AN01962F-(cit43)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1039\/C8MH01241E","volume":"6","author":"Gajarushi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mater. Horiz."},{"key":"C9AN01962F-(cit45)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2031","DOI":"10.1021\/nl061231s","volume":"6","author":"Hecht","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"C9AN01962F-(cit46)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1021\/nl801827v","volume":"9","author":"Reina","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"issue":"20","key":"C9AN01962F-(cit47)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6796","DOI":"10.1021\/jo040178u","volume":"69","author":"Gupta","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Org. Chem."},{"key":"C9AN01962F-(cit48)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.3390\/s16081281","volume":"16","author":"Trammell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"C9AN01962F-(cit49)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33276","DOI":"10.1038\/srep33276","volume":"6","author":"Yew","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"C9AN01962F-(cit50)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2016.09.010","volume":"216","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"},{"key":"C9AN01962F-(cit52)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2336","DOI":"10.1021\/ic50164a003","volume":"15","author":"Karweik","year":"1976","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"C9AN01962F-(cit53)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7221","DOI":"10.1021\/nn101950n","volume":"4","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"C9AN01962F-(cit54)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1109\/TED.2014.2309651","volume":"61","author":"Carrion","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Electron Devices"},{"key":"C9AN01962F-(cit55)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"085702","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-4484\/21\/8\/085702","volume":"21","author":"Estrada","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nanotechnology"},{"key":"C9AN01962F-(cit57)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2013.46","volume":"8","author":"Ferrari","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"C9AN01962F-(cit58)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2008.67","volume":"3","author":"Das","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"C9AN01962F-(cit59)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1156965","volume":"320","author":"Nair","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"C9AN01962F-(cit60)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9945","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6b15680","volume":"9","author":"Osica","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"C9AN01962F-(cit61)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10565","DOI":"10.1021\/jp2021616","volume":"115","author":"Dubnikova","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. A"},{"key":"C9AN01962F-(cit62)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1021\/cr60119a001","volume":"38","author":"Thomson","year":"1946","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"C9AN01962F-(cit63)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1021\/ja01388a004","volume":"50","author":"Parks","year":"1928","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"C9AN01962F-(cit64)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1039\/CT9007700413","volume":"77","author":"Allen","year":"1900","journal-title":"J. Chem. Soc. Trans."},{"key":"C9AN01962F-(cit65)\/*[position()=1]","volume-title":"Kinetic Theory of Gases","author":"Kauzmann","year":"2012","unstructured":"W. Kauzmann  ,  Kinetic Theory of Gases ,  Dover Publications ,  Mineola ,  2012"},{"key":"C9AN01962F-(cit66)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9614(77)90049-0","volume":"9","author":"Pella","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Chem. Thermodyn."},{"key":"C9AN01962F-(cit67)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2012.09.010","volume":"42","author":"Ewing","year":"2013","journal-title":"TrAC, Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"C9AN01962F-(cit68)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4791","DOI":"10.1021\/ja01648a008","volume":"76","author":"McCullough","year":"1954","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"C9AN01962F-(cit69)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1201\/9781420044393","volume-title":"Handbook of Physical-Chemical Properties and Environmental Fate for Organic Chemicals","author":"Mackay","year":"2006","unstructured":"D. Mackay  ,  W. Y.Shiu ,  K. C.Ma  and  S. C.Lee ,  Handbook of Physical-Chemical Properties and Environmental Fate for Organic Chemicals ,  CRC ,  Boca Raton ,  2006"},{"key":"C9AN01962F-(cit70)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2035","DOI":"10.1021\/jp400164j","volume":"117","author":"Alnemrat","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. A"},{"key":"C9AN01962F-(cit71)\/*[position()=1]","volume-title":"Materials Selection in Mechanical Design","author":"Ashby","year":"2017","unstructured":"M. F. Ashby  ,  Materials Selection in Mechanical Design ,  Butterworth-Heinemann ,  Oxford, United Kingdom ,  2017"}],"container-title":["The Analyst"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlepdf\/2020\/AN\/C9AN01962F","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T18:35:11Z","timestamp":1783449311000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/an\/article\/145\/3\/917-928\/631896"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/c9an01962f","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-2654","1364-5528"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-2654","type":"print"},{"value":"1364-5528","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"assertion":[{"value":"This document is Similarity Check deposited","name":"similarity_check","explanation":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.crossref.org\/services\/similarity-check\/"},"group":{"name":"similarity_check","label":"SIMILARITY CHECK"}},{"value":"Supplementary Information","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/C9AN01962F","name":"related_data","group":{"name":"related_data","label":"RELATED DATA"}},{"value":"M. Ravikanth (ORCID)","URL":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0193-6081","name":"identifier","group":{"name":"author_identifiers","label":"IDENTIFIERS"}},{"value":"Chandramouli Subramaniam (ORCID)","URL":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8335-7395","name":"identifier","group":{"name":"author_identifiers","label":"IDENTIFIERS"}},{"value":"Single-blind","order":2,"name":"peer_review_method","group":{"name":"peer_review_method","label":"PEER REVIEW METHOD"}},{"value":"Received 2 October 2019; Accepted 12 November 2019;  Accepted Manuscript published 12 November 2019;  Advance Article published 10 December 2019;  Version of Record published 3 February 2020","order":1,"name":"history","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"PUBLICATION HISTORY"}}]}}