{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T22:03:08Z","timestamp":1787004188772,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,24]],"date-time":"2021-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640304000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":357,"URL":"http:\/\/rsc.li\/journals-terms-of-use"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2018R1A3B1052702"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018R1A3B1052702"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["81730108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81730108"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["81973635"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81973635"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012639","name":"METAvivor","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2018A020560"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018A020560"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012639","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000968","name":"American Heart Association","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2018A004190"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018A004190"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["rsc.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chem. Soc. Rev."],"abstract":"<p>This review highlights pnictogen-based therapeutic agents, from ancient clinical drugs to recently emerging layered photonic nanomedicines. In addition, an update on recent biosafety studies of layered pnictogen is also provided.<\/p>","DOI":"10.1039\/d0cs01175d","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,24]],"date-time":"2020-12-24T05:57:01Z","timestamp":1608789421000},"page":"2260-2279","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/rsc_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":137,"title":["Pnictogens in medicinal chemistry: evolution from erstwhile drugs to emerging layered photonic nanomedicine"],"prefix":"10.1039","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2445-0845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chuang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School"},{"name":"Boston"},{"name":"USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3687-6448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinwoo","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Korea University"},{"name":"Seoul"},{"name":"Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subin","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Korea University"},{"name":"Seoul"},{"name":"Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youmi","family":"Choe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Korea University"},{"name":"Seoul"},{"name":"Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nika","family":"Farokhzad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Milton Academy"},{"name":"Milton"},{"name":"USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1532-8004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhongmin","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School"},{"name":"Boston"},{"name":"USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yufen","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School"},{"name":"Boston"},{"name":"USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School"},{"name":"Boston"},{"name":"USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tian","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University"},{"name":"Hangzhou"},{"name":"China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University"},{"name":"Hangzhou"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3477-1172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jong Seung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Korea University"},{"name":"Seoul"},{"name":"Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4277-3728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School"},{"name":"Boston"},{"name":"USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"292","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"reference":[{"key":"D0CS01175D-(cit1)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matt.2019.12.007","volume":"2","author":"Tang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Matter"},{"key":"D0CS01175D-(cit2)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc887","volume":"2","author":"Zhu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"D0CS01175D-(cit3)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2019000760","volume":"134","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"D0CS01175D-(cit4)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2010.04.001","volume":"24","author":"Emadi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood Rev."},{"key":"D0CS01175D-(cit5)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(18)30295-X","volume":"19","author":"Zhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"D0CS01175D-(cit6)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31204-2","volume":"392","author":"Burza","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"D0CS01175D-(cit7)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16092","DOI":"10.1038\/nmicrobiol.2016.92","volume":"1","author":"Fairlamb","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"D0CS01175D-(cit8)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3211","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1421002112","volume":"112","author":"Hong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"D0CS01175D-(cit9)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1038\/448645a","volume":"448","author":"Chong","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"D0CS01175D-(cit10)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3069","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-05402-2","volume":"9","author":"Kozono","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"D0CS01175D-(cit11)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-02828-6","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"D0CS01175D-(cit12)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6464","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200701021","volume":"46","author":"Yang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"D0CS01175D-(cit13)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7551","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201900811","volume":"58","author":"Sturala","year":"2019","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"D0CS01175D-(cit14)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10430","DOI":"10.1039\/D0NR02932G","volume":"12","author":"Roy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"D0CS01175D-(cit15)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5588","DOI":"10.1039\/C8CS00342D","volume":"47","author":"Qiu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"D0CS01175D-(cit16)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2891","DOI":"10.1039\/C8CS00823J","volume":"48","author":"Tao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"D0CS01175D-(cit17)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1903495","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201903495","volume":"15","author":"Ghodrati","year":"2019","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"D0CS01175D-(cit18)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201810878","volume":"58","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"D0CS01175D-(cit19)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3943","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.0c01098","volume":"20","author":"Kong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"D0CS01175D-(cit20)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5151","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201913675","volume":"59","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"D0CS01175D-(cit21)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2603","DOI":"10.1021\/jm900185q","volume":"52","author":"Baiocco","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"D0CS01175D-(cit22)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19666","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1319659110","volume":"110","author":"McConville","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"D0CS01175D-(cit23)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4626","DOI":"10.1039\/C7SC00766C","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Sci."},{"key":"D0CS01175D-(cit24)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2280","DOI":"10.1039\/C7CS00522A","volume":"47","author":"Jung","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"D0CS01175D-(cit25)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matt.2020.04.022","volume":"3","author":"Feng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Matter"},{"issue":"38","key":"D0CS01175D-(cit26)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13405","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201908377","volume":"58","author":"Ouyang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"D0CS01175D-(cit27)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11896","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201703657","volume":"56","author":"Tao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"issue":"19","key":"D0CS01175D-(cit28)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1901211","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.201901211","volume":"6","author":"Ji","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"D0CS01175D-(cit29)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1705611","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201705611","volume":"30","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"D0CS01175D-(cit30)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1703458","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201703458","volume":"30","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"D0CS01175D-(cit31)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1702018","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201702018","volume":"27","author":"Lei","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"D0CS01175D-(cit32)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4847","DOI":"10.1039\/C9SC00324J","volume":"10","author":"Lu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"D0CS01175D-(cit33)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matt.2020.08.027","volume":"3","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Matter"},{"key":"D0CS01175D-(cit34)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3990","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.7b00476","volume":"11","author":"Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"D0CS01175D-(cit35)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1906010","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201906010","volume":"30","author":"Duo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"D0CS01175D-(cit36)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28667","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2016268117","volume":"117","author":"Ouyang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"D0CS01175D-(cit37)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1906050","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201906050","volume":"32","author":"Jin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"D0CS01175D-(cit38)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1802061","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201802061","volume":"30","author":"Tao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"D0CS01175D-(cit39)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2019.119419","volume":"221","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"D0CS01175D-(cit40)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2956","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.8b07371","volume":"13","author":"Ye","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"D0CS01175D-(cit41)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1905758","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201905758","volume":"30","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"D0CS01175D-(cit42)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5003","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201512038","volume":"55","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"D0CS01175D-(cit43)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1602896","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201602896","volume":"13","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"D0CS01175D-(cit44)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4724","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.6b01720","volume":"28","author":"Lv","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"D0CS01175D-(cit45)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2018.10.018","volume":"192","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"D0CS01175D-(cit46)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2778","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16513-0","volume":"11","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"D0CS01175D-(cit47)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2242","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.201804336","volume":"25","author":"Chia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. \u2013 Eur. J."},{"key":"D0CS01175D-(cit48)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7561","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.8b02156","volume":"140","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"D0CS01175D-(cit49)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2480","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-04873-7","volume":"9","author":"Mo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"D0CS01175D-(cit50)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701210","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201701210","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"D0CS01175D-(cit51)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1603276","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201603276","volume":"29","author":"Tao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"D0CS01175D-(cit52)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14488","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201706228","volume":"56","author":"Qu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"D0CS01175D-(cit53)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12967","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms12967","volume":"7","author":"Shao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"D0CS01175D-(cit54)\/*[position()=1]","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21399","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b05825","volume":"11","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"}],"container-title":["Chemical Society Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlepdf\/2021\/CS\/D0CS01175D","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T18:25:44Z","timestamp":1782930344000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/cs\/article\/50\/4\/2260-2279\/682111"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/d0cs01175d","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-0012","1460-4744"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-0012","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-4744","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"assertion":[{"value":"This document is Similarity Check deposited","name":"similarity_check","explanation":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.crossref.org\/services\/similarity-check\/"},"group":{"name":"similarity_check","label":"SIMILARITY CHECK"}},{"value":"Chuang Liu (ORCID)","URL":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2445-0845","name":"identifier","group":{"name":"author_identifiers","label":"IDENTIFIERS"}},{"value":"Jinwoo Shin (ORCID)","URL":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3687-6448","name":"identifier","group":{"name":"author_identifiers","label":"IDENTIFIERS"}},{"value":"Zhongmin Tang (ORCID)","URL":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1532-8004","name":"identifier","group":{"name":"author_identifiers","label":"IDENTIFIERS"}},{"value":"Jong Seung Kim (ORCID)","URL":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3477-1172","name":"identifier","group":{"name":"author_identifiers","label":"IDENTIFIERS"}},{"value":"Wei Tao (ORCID)","URL":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4277-3728","name":"identifier","group":{"name":"author_identifiers","label":"IDENTIFIERS"}},{"value":"Single-blind","order":2,"name":"peer_review_method","group":{"name":"peer_review_method","label":"PEER REVIEW METHOD"}},{"value":"Received 10 September 2020;  Advance Article published 24 December 2020;  Version of Record published 1 March 2021","order":1,"name":"history","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"PUBLICATION HISTORY"}}]}}