{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T14:10:20Z","timestamp":1776867020451,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,22]],"date-time":"2022-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650585600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,22]],"date-time":"2023-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682121600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/rsc.li\/journals-terms-of-use"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012156","name":"Shenzhen Technical Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JCYJ20180306172459580"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCYJ20180306172459580"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012156","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012156","name":"Shenzhen Technical Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JCYJ20180306172459580"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCYJ20180306172459580"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012156","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["rsc.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Empagliflozin (Empa, SGLT2 inhibitor) is widely used in clinical situations for the management of diabetes. It has beneficial effects in reducing cardiac dysfunction and heart failure. However, rare studies have reported the potential mechanisms of Empa reaction. Here, we treated db\/db diabetic mice with Empa and collected the heart tissue for metabolomics study. We found that db\/db mice showed obvious differences in metabolomics profile compared with db\/m mice. Many amino acid metabolism pathways and glycerophospholipids and fatty acyl carnitines were significantly enriched in db\/db mice. Detailed analysis revealed the alteration of fatty acid oxidation in db\/db mice. Interestingly, many metabolites in the fatty acid oxidation pathway, such as myristoleic acid, 12-hydroxydodecanoic acid, (15-carboxypentadecanoyl)carnitine, decanoylcarnitine, and propionylcarnitine, were significantly rescued by Empa treatment. These results suggest that fatty acid oxidation is one of the targets for Empa treatment in the heart of db\/db mice. This study provided new possibilities for the development of therapeutic interventions for diabetic cardiomyopathy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p\/>","DOI":"10.1039\/d2mo00036a","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,22]],"date-time":"2022-04-22T02:01:29Z","timestamp":1650592889000},"page":"643-651","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/rsc_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Metabolomics study reveals the alteration of fatty acid oxidation in the hearts of diabetic mice by empagliflozin"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0061-1701","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yingwei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital a , Shenzhen 518000, China \u00a0 18653133290zyw@sina.com \u00a0 +86-18565668800"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zeyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital b , Shenzhen 518020, China \u00a0 daiyong22@163.com \u00a0 +86-0755-22942780"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chundi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital a , Shenzhen 518000, China \u00a0 18653133290zyw@sina.com \u00a0 +86-18565668800"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donge","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital b , Shenzhen 518020, China \u00a0 daiyong22@163.com \u00a0 +86-0755-22942780"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6840-9158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital b , Shenzhen 518020, China \u00a0 daiyong22@163.com \u00a0 +86-0755-22942780"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"2026010813073545900_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(18)30052-4","article-title":"Precision medicine in the management of type 2 diabetes","volume":"6","author":"Gloyn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026010813073545900_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.118.314665","article-title":"Diabetic Cardiomyopathy","volume":"124","author":"Dillmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circ. 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Sci."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026010813073545900_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-018-0044-8","article-title":"Metabolites as regulators of insulin sensitivity and metabolism","volume":"19","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026010813073545900_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1900\/RDS.2011.8.392","article-title":"The kidney in type 2 diabetes therapy","volume":"8","author":"Heerspink","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev. Diabet. 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Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026010813073545900_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.2337\/dc18-2217","article-title":"Plasma Amino Acids and Incident Type 2 Diabetes in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease","volume":"42","author":"McCann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026010813073545900_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2080","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12475","article-title":"Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation alterations in heart failure, ischaemic heart disease and diabetic cardiomyopathy","volume":"171","author":"Fillmore","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"14","key":"2026010813073545900_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7850","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.15418","article-title":"FOXO1 contributes to diabetic cardiomyopathy via inducing imbalanced oxidative metabolism in type 1 diabetes","volume":"24","author":"Yan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"2026010813073545900_cit30","first-page":"62","article-title":"Possible new therapeutic approach in diabetes mellitus by inhibition of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1)","volume":"26","author":"Wolf","year":"1992","journal-title":"Horm. Metab. Res., Suppl."},{"issue":"9242","key":"2026010813073545900_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)03149-4","article-title":"Etomoxir: a new approach to treatment of chronic heart failure","volume":"356","author":"Bristow","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026010813073545900_cit32","first-page":"H117","article-title":"Treatments for skeletal muscle abnormalities in heart failure: sodium-glucose transporter 2 and ketone bodies","volume":"322","author":"Takada","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol.: Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026010813073545900_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165807","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2020.165807","article-title":"Empagliflozin improves left ventricular diastolic function of db\/db mice","volume":"1866","author":"Moellmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta, Mol. Basis Dis."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026010813073545900_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5116","DOI":"10.1021\/ac500951v","article-title":"Metabolomic profiling of anionic metabolites in head and neck cancer cells by capillary ion chromatography with Orbitrap mass spectrometry","volume":"86","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026010813073545900_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2016.169","article-title":"Sphingolipids and phospholipids in insulin resistance and related metabolic disorders","volume":"13","author":"Meikle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. 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