{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T22:30:30Z","timestamp":1781562630048,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,27]],"date-time":"2023-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,27]],"date-time":"2024-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714176000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":366,"URL":"http:\/\/rsc.li\/journals-terms-of-use"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001501","name":"University Grants Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F. 5- 1\/2018\/DRS-II (SAPII)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F. 5- 1\/2018\/DRS-II (SAPII)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001501","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001409","name":"Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SR\/S9Z-415\/2010\/42(G)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SR\/S9Z-415\/2010\/42(G)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001409","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001409","name":"Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["(IF180804"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(IF180804"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001409","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001409","name":"Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SR\/FST\/LSI-639\/2015(C)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SR\/FST\/LSI-639\/2015(C)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001409","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020970","name":"Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F. 24-51\/2014-U"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F. 24-51\/2014-U"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020970","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001843","name":"Science and Engineering Research Board","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CRG\/ 2021\/000914"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRG\/ 2021\/000914"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001843","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001501","name":"University Grants Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F. 5- 1\/2018\/DRS-II (SAPII)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F. 5- 1\/2018\/DRS-II (SAPII)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001501","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001409","name":"Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SR\/S9Z-415\/2010\/42(G)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SR\/S9Z-415\/2010\/42(G)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001409","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001409","name":"Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["(IF180804"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(IF180804"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001409","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001409","name":"Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SR\/FST\/LSI-639\/2015(C)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SR\/FST\/LSI-639\/2015(C)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001409","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020970","name":"Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F. 24-51\/2014-U"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F. 24-51\/2014-U"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020970","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001843","name":"Science and Engineering Research Board","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CRG\/ 2021\/000914"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRG\/ 2021\/000914"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001843","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["rsc.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The interactive network of hosts with pathogenic microbes is still questionable. It has been hypothesized and reported that the host shows altered regulatory mechanisms for different pathogens. Several studies using transcriptomics and proteomics revealed the altered pathways and sequential regulations displayed by the host during bacterial interactions. Still, there is a gap in understanding the triggering molecule at transcriptomic and proteomic levels due to the lack of the knowledge of the interactive metabolites produced during their interactions. In this study, the global metabolomic approach was performed in the nematode model organism Caenorhabditis elegans upon exposure to a Gram-negative bacteria, Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi, and a Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, and the whole metabolome was categorized as endo-metabolome (internally produced) and exo-metabolome (externally releasing). The extracted metabolites were subjected to liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (ESI-LC\/qToF-MS\/MS). In total 5578, 4554 and 4046 endo-metabolites and 4451, 3625 and 1281 exo-metabolites were identified in C. elegans when exposed to E. coli OP50, S. Typhi and S. aureus, respectively. Both the multivariate and univariate analyses were performed. The variation in endo- and exo-metabolome during candidate bacterial interactions was observed. The results indicated that, during S. aureus interaction, the exclusively enriched metabolites were significantly involved in alpha-linoleic acid metabolism. Similarly, the exclusively enriched metabolites during the interaction of S. Typhi were significantly involved in the phosphatidylinositol signalling system. The whole metabolomic profile presented here will build the scope to understand the role of metabolites and the respective pathways in host response during the early period of bacterial infections.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p\/>","DOI":"10.1039\/d3mo00040k","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,27]],"date-time":"2023-04-27T04:01:05Z","timestamp":1682568065000},"page":"574-584","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/rsc_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Distinct global metabolomic profiles of the model organism\n                    <i>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/i>\n                    during interactions with\n                    <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>Salmonella enterica<\/i>\n                    Serovar Typhi"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9316-8141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Balasubramanian Chellammal","family":"Muthubharathi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University a , Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India balamurgank@alagappauniversity.ac.in"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Velayutham","family":"Ravichandiran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research b , Kolkata, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9641-6323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krishnaswamy","family":"Balamurugan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University a , Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India balamurgank@alagappauniversity.ac.in"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"2026010813045415300_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1038\/s41385-022-00553-4","article-title":"Moving beyond descriptive studies: harnessing metabolomics to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underpinning host-microbiome phenotypes","volume":"15","author":"Bishop","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026010813045415300_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo11030184","article-title":"Approaches to integrating metabolomics and multi-omics data: a primer","volume":"11","author":"Jendoubi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026010813045415300_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo9040076","article-title":"Systems biology and multi-omics integration: viewpoints from the metabolomics research community","volume":"9","author":"Pinu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026010813045415300_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1159\/000513545","article-title":"Metabolomics: the stethoscope for the twenty-first century","volume":"30","author":"Ashrafian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med. Princ. Pract."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026010813045415300_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-019-0108-4","article-title":"Identification of bioactive metabolites using activity metabolomics","volume":"20","author":"Rinschen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026010813045415300_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-021-01316-8","article-title":"The cancer metabolic reprogramming and immune response","volume":"20","author":"Xia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026010813045415300_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2467","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20102467","article-title":"Metabolomics of type 1 and type 2 diabetes","volume":"20","author":"Arneth","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026010813045415300_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1882927","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2021.1882927","article-title":"The contribution of gut bacterial metabolites in the human immune signaling pathway of non-communicable diseases","volume":"13","author":"Hosseinkhani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gut Microb."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026010813045415300_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-018-0108-7","article-title":"Dietary metabolism, the gut microbiome, and heart failure","volume":"16","author":"Tang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026010813045415300_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-323071","article-title":"Gut microbiota-derived metabolites as central regulators in metabolic disorders","volume":"70","author":"Agus","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2026010813045415300_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2022.127113","article-title":"Host and microbial-derived metabolites for Clostridioidesdifficile infection: contributions, mechanisms and potential applications","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"2026010813045415300_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725284","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.725284","article-title":"Specific gut microbiome and serum metabolome changes in lung cancer patients","volume":"11","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"issue":"7758","key":"2026010813045415300_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1237-9","article-title":"Multi-omics of the gut microbial ecosystem in inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"569","author":"Lloyd-Price","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026010813045415300_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1008","article-title":"Invertebrates as a source of emerging human pathogens","volume":"2","author":"Waterfield","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026010813045415300_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurol.2015.07.011","article-title":"Animal models of Parkinson's disease: an updated overview","volume":"171","author":"Gubellini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev. Neurol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026010813045415300_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2022.01.005","article-title":"Transgenerational inheritance of sexual attractiveness via small RNAs enhances evolvability in C. elegans","volume":"57","author":"Toker","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"issue":"16","key":"2026010813045415300_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8934","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22168934","article-title":"Conserved and Distinct Elements of Phagocytosis in Human and C. elegans","volume":"22","author":"Luk\u00e1csi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026010813045415300_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4291","DOI":"10.21769\/BioProtoc.4291","article-title":"Quantification of Bacterial Loads in Caenorhabditis elegans","volume":"12","author":"Walker","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bio-Protoc."},{"key":"2026010813045415300_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2019.00002","article-title":"Multi-omics and genome-scale modeling reveal a metabolic shift during C. elegans aging","volume":"6","author":"Hastings","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Biosci."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026010813045415300_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2500","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.06350-11","article-title":"Caenorhabditis elegans immune conditioning with the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus acidophilus strain NCFM enhances Gram-positive immune responses","volume":"80","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"2026010813045415300_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/s10522-012-9411-6","article-title":"Mechanism underlying prolongevity induced by bifidobacteria in Caenorhabditis elegans","volume":"14","author":"Komura","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biogerontology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026010813045415300_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31713","DOI":"10.1038\/srep31713","article-title":"Dairy Propionibacterium extends the mean lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans via activation of the innate immune system","volume":"6","author":"Kwon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2026010813045415300_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2018.06.012","article-title":"Bacteria and bacterial products: Foe and friends to Caenorhabditis elegans","volume":"215","author":"Khan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microbiol. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026010813045415300_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.5483\/BMBRep.2018.51.6.111","article-title":"Mitochondria-mediated defense mechanisms against pathogens in Caenorhabditis elegans","volume":"51","author":"Kwon","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMB Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026010813045415300_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12263-019-0650-x","article-title":"Metabolic regulation of lifespan from a C. elegans perspective","volume":"14","author":"Dall","year":"2019","journal-title":"Genes Nutr."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026010813045415300_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000982","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000982","article-title":"Distinct pathogenesis and host responses during infection of C. elegans by P. aeruginosa and S. aureus","volume":"6","author":"Irazoqui","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"issue":"Supplement_5","key":"2026010813045415300_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S350","DOI":"10.1086\/533591","article-title":"Pathogenesis of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection","volume":"46","author":"Gordon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026010813045415300_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2021.1878688","article-title":"Pathogenicity and virulence of Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"12","author":"Cheung","year":"2021","journal-title":"Virulence."},{"key":"2026010813045415300_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4114-0","article-title":"Laboratory characterisation of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi isolates from Zimbabwe, 2009\u20132017","volume":"19","author":"Mashe","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"2026010813045415300_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.225","article-title":"Salmonella enterica SerovarTyphi exposure elicits deliberate physiological alterations and triggers the involvement of ubiquitin mediated proteolysis pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans","volume":"149","author":"Balasubramaniam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"2026010813045415300_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1007\/s12088-013-0424-x","article-title":"Physiological and immunological regulations in Caenorhabditis elegans infected with Salmonella entericaserovarTyphi","volume":"54","author":"Sivamaruthi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian J. Microbiol."},{"issue":"22","key":"2026010813045415300_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4336","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.1c00559","article-title":"Balamurugan K. Physiological and Metabolite Alterations Associated with Neuronal Signals of Caenorhabditiselegans during Cronobactersakazakii Infections","volume":"12","author":"Muthubharathi","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Neurosci."},{"issue":"W1","key":"2026010813045415300_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W388","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab382","article-title":"MetaboAnalyst 5.0: narrowing the gap between raw spectra and functional insights","volume":"49","author":"Pang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2026010813045415300_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"pp. 179\u2013198","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-8981-8_9","article-title":"ROC analysis for multiple markers with tree-based classification","volume-title":"InRisk Assessment and Evaluation of Predictions","author":"Wang","year":"2013"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"2026010813045415300_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1080\/01677063.2020.1802724","article-title":"Host-microbe interactions and the behavior of Caenorhabditiselegans","volume":"34","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurogenet."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026010813045415300_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo11020105","article-title":"Elevated trehalose levels in C. elegans daf-2 mutants increase stress resistance, not lifespan","volume":"11","author":"Rasulova","year":"2021","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026010813045415300_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12020356","article-title":"Biological role of unsaturated fatty acid desaturases in health and disease","volume":"12","author":"Czumaj","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2026010813045415300_cit38","first-page":"e111","article-title":"A Brief Note on Phosphatidylinositol (PI) Signal Pathway","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cell Signaling"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026010813045415300_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8020187","article-title":"Neutral lipid storage diseases as cellular model to study lipid droplet function","volume":"8","author":"Missaglia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cells."},{"key":"2026010813045415300_cit40","first-page":"D440","article-title":"MetaboLights: a resource evolving in response to the needs of its scientific community","volume":"48","author":"Haug","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."}],"container-title":["Molecular Omics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/molecular-omics\/article-pdf\/19\/7\/574\/65033810\/d3mo00040k.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/molecular-omics\/article-pdf\/19\/7\/574\/65033810\/d3mo00040k.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T18:05:45Z","timestamp":1767895545000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/molecular-omics\/article\/19\/7\/574\/8277149"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,27]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,27]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/d3mo00040k","relation":{},"ISSN":["2515-4184"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2515-4184","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,27]]}}}