{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T18:14:42Z","timestamp":1792174482083,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":167,"publisher":"Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]],"date-time":"2025-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737676800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":389,"URL":"http:\/\/rsc.li\/journals-terms-of-use"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001409","name":"Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001409","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001843","name":"Science and Engineering Research Board","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PDF\/2022\/000556"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PDF\/2022\/000556"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001843","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004541","name":"Ministry of Human Resource Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004541","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["rsc.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nanoscale"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Photodynamic Therapy (PDT): A minimally invasive treatment for a range of benign disorders and malignancies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1039\/d3nr05801h","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,24]],"date-time":"2024-01-24T08:27:11Z","timestamp":1706084831000},"page":"3243-3268","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/rsc_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":109,"title":["A comprehensive review on singlet oxygen generation in nanomaterials and conjugated polymers for photodynamic therapy in the treatment of cancer"],"prefix":"10.1039","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4553-5194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neetika","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka - 560012, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4087-0476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ria","family":"Sen Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka - 560012, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8043-9192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suryasarathi","family":"Bose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka - 560012, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"292","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"reference":[{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit1\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16428","DOI":"10.1039\/D2DT02766F","volume":"51","author":"Pang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dalton Trans."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit2\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8957","DOI":"10.1039\/D2CS00722C","volume":"51","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit3\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6267","DOI":"10.1039\/D2BM00803C","volume":"10","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomater. Sci."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit4\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-394306-4.00010-1","volume":"295","author":"Yoo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit5\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2968","DOI":"10.1039\/D2QM00752E","volume":"6","author":"Lu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mater. Chem. Front."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit6\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3285","DOI":"10.1039\/C8TB00593A","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit7\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio.607","volume":"7","author":"Dickinson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Chem. Biol."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit8\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5101","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.7b00666","volume":"89","author":"Hu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit9\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4081","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.2c11868","volume":"145","author":"Teng","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit10\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.7b00228","volume":"2","author":"Yesilgul","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit11\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1002\/mabi.201400361","volume":"14","author":"Jeong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Macromol. Biosci."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit12\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2022.112510","volume":"234","author":"Ponzio","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol., B"},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit13\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1920","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.7b00169","volume":"50","author":"Bregnh\u00f8j","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit14\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1021\/ar980005p","volume":"32","author":"Ogilby","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit15\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s40580-018-0140-7","volume":"5","author":"Leem","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nano Convergence"},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit16\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2673","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26092673","volume":"26","author":"Kashyap","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit17\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23397","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.3c01135","volume":"145","author":"Bonnet","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit18\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11707","DOI":"10.1021\/ja504279r","volume":"136","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit19\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2030004","DOI":"10.1142\/S1793545820300049","volume":"13","author":"Abdurashitov","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Innovative Opt. Health Sci."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit20\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.201600055","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Biophotonics"},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit21\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1330002","DOI":"10.1142\/S1793545813300024","volume":"06","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Innovative Opt. Health Sci."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit22\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1562\/0031-8655(2002)0750382DNILDO2.0.CO2","volume":"75","author":"Niedre","year":"2002","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit23\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1562\/2006-05-03-IR-891","volume":"82","author":"Jarvi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit24\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1039\/b804333g","volume":"7","author":"Jim\u00e9nez-Banzo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol. Sci."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit25\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"050504","DOI":"10.1117\/1.2981813","volume":"13","author":"Laubach","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Opt."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit26\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3181","DOI":"10.1039\/b926014p","volume":"39","author":"Ogilby","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit27\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125301","DOI":"10.1088\/2040-8978\/13\/12\/125301","volume":"13","author":"Lin","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Opt."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit28\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2019.03.016","volume":"26","author":"Krajczewski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Photodiagn. Photodyn. Ther."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit29\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13442","DOI":"10.1021\/ja062990f","volume":"128","author":"Song","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit30\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3582","DOI":"10.1021\/ol401421r","volume":"15","author":"Song","year":"2013","journal-title":"Org. Lett."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit31\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1021\/jo00264a046","volume":"54","author":"Aubry","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Org. Chem."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit32\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3553","DOI":"10.1039\/b503980k","author":"Song","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit33\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11793","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201705803","volume":"56","author":"Hananya","year":"2017","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit34\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1592","DOI":"10.1021\/cm403505s","volume":"26","author":"Yoon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit35\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5590","DOI":"10.1021\/ja00537a030","volume":"102","author":"Lindig","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit36\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymeth.2016.06.007","volume":"109","author":"Bresol\u00ed-Obach","year":"2016","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit37\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2383","DOI":"10.1021\/nl0617179","volume":"6","author":"Gao","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit38\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12602","DOI":"10.1038\/srep12602","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit39\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/987606","volume":"2012","author":"Albiter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Photoenergy"},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit40\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1039\/c4pp00261j","volume":"14","author":"Albiter","year":"2015","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol. Sci."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit41\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1039\/b810921d","volume":"8","author":"Burguete","year":"2009","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol. Sci."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit42\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jlumin.2011.05.048","volume":"131","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Lumin."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit43\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111787","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2020.111787","volume":"204","author":"Entradas","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol., B"},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit44\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-2736(99)00119-4","volume":"1421","author":"Ohyashiki","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta, Biomembr."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit45\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.2009.00555.x","volume":"85","author":"Price","year":"2009","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit46\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2601","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.9b12693","volume":"142","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit47\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1039\/C9QM00685K","volume":"4","author":"Imato","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater. Chem. Front."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit48\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17601","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.9b06694","volume":"141","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit49\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2010.08.009","volume":"30","author":"Wu","year":"2011","journal-title":"TrAC, Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit50\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2530","DOI":"10.1021\/ja0035708","volume":"123","author":"Tanaka","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit51\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13442","DOI":"10.1021\/ja062990f","volume":"128","author":"Song","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit52\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1002\/bio.782","volume":"19","author":"Zhu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Luminescence"},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit53\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3835(02)00070-8","volume":"182","author":"He","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit54\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4596","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms5596","volume":"5","author":"Ge","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit55\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4379","DOI":"10.1039\/c3tb20806k","volume":"1","author":"Vankayala","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit56\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2008.07.007","volume":"26","author":"Bechet","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit57\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10647","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.6b02005","volume":"120","author":"Chadwick","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit58\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1606864","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201606864","volume":"29","author":"Gao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit59\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"085027","DOI":"10.1088\/2053-1591\/aab001","volume":"5","author":"Kumari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mater. Res. Express"},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit60\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5934","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201502650","volume":"25","author":"Vankayala","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit61\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2777","DOI":"10.1021\/cm500260z","volume":"26","author":"Kawasaki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit62\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2703","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S131602","volume":"12","author":"Miyata","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit63\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2402","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.7b10976","volume":"122","author":"Chan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit64\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2021.102466","volume":"35","author":"Farooq","year":"2021","journal-title":"Photodiagn. Photodyn. Ther."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit65\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7712","DOI":"10.1039\/c2nr32196c","volume":"4","author":"Zhao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit66\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4972","DOI":"10.1021\/am4007403","volume":"5","author":"Jiang","year":"2013","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit67\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201302719","volume":"10","author":"Vankayala","year":"2014","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit68\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6689","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201400703","volume":"26","author":"Vijayaraghavan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit69\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13888","DOI":"10.1021\/la901552f","volume":"25","author":"Sakamoto","year":"2009","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit70\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6018","DOI":"10.1039\/c2nr31271a","volume":"4","author":"Das","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit71\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15656","DOI":"10.1021\/jp502440f","volume":"118","author":"Saito","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit72\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7824","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.7b12463","volume":"122","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit73\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3431","DOI":"10.1039\/C4EE01787K","volume":"7","author":"Fang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit74\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4130","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201301365","volume":"9","author":"Pasparakis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit75\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2528","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201600312","volume":"5","author":"Yu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Healthcare Mater."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit76\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21967","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.6b06385","volume":"120","author":"Rivas Aiello","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit77\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13191","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.2c03793","volume":"126","author":"Yuan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit78\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4151","DOI":"10.1021\/ja980086k","volume":"120","author":"Willard","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit79\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7860","DOI":"10.1021\/ja0343095","volume":"125","author":"Roy","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit80\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2632","DOI":"10.1021\/cm000178k","volume":"12","author":"Lal","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit81\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1906","DOI":"10.1021\/ja973863+","volume":"120","author":"Allen","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit82\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2917","DOI":"10.1039\/b405084c","volume":"6","author":"Nosaka","year":"2004","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit83\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1039\/C4CS00171K","volume":"44","author":"Tsang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit84\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7017","DOI":"10.1039\/C4TB01169D","volume":"2","author":"Idris","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit85\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2014.12.040","volume":"44","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit86\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2584","DOI":"10.1021\/nn506107c","volume":"9","author":"Hou","year":"2015","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit87\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12332","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201307358","volume":"52","author":"Kalluru","year":"2013","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit88\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12715","DOI":"10.1039\/C5NR04540A","volume":"8","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit89\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5278","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b17902","volume":"10","author":"Duan","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit90\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3107","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.5b10459","volume":"8","author":"Dong","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit91\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1038\/318162a0","volume":"318","author":"Kroto","year":"1985","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit92\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4344","DOI":"10.1021\/jp5111289","volume":"119","author":"S\u00e1far","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit93\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19219","DOI":"10.1021\/jp404973b","volume":"117","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit94\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.1007\/s11468-021-01438-1","volume":"16","author":"Knoblauch","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plasmonics"},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit95\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25915","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.9b06101","volume":"123","author":"Blacha-Grzechnik","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit96\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7084","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2012.06.060","volume":"33","author":"Markovic","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit97\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30467","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6b12014","volume":"8","author":"Kuo","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit98\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17262","DOI":"10.1039\/C8CP01990H","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit99\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2017.10.121","volume":"434","author":"Luo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit100\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2017.10.034","volume":"153","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit101\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1039\/c3tb21479f","volume":"2","author":"Lin","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit102\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12570","DOI":"10.1039\/C5NR07719B","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit103\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8000","DOI":"10.1039\/C6TA01894G","volume":"4","author":"Zhou","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit104\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1606314","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201606314","volume":"27","author":"Lismont","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit105\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9278","DOI":"10.1039\/C7TB02647A","volume":"5","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit106\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16712","DOI":"10.1021\/ja508679h","volume":"136","author":"Lu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit107\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7600","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5b04069","volume":"137","author":"Lu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit108\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.1039\/C6TB03230C","volume":"5","author":"B\u016f\u017eek","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit109\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13752","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201708005","volume":"56","author":"Ma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit110\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10137","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.inorgchem.8b01316","volume":"57","author":"Guan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit111\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1707519","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201707519","volume":"28","author":"Hu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit112\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7334","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.0c02129","volume":"142","author":"Luo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit113\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34268","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b12641","volume":"11","author":"Qin","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit114\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13804","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.7b07302","volume":"139","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit115\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24662","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c08534","volume":"12","author":"Ren","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit116\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2280","DOI":"10.1039\/C7CS00522A","volume":"47","author":"Jung","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit117\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1039\/D0QI01051K","volume":"8","author":"Feng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem. Front."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit118\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13519","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.1c07379","volume":"143","author":"Luo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit119\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2374","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.7b00228","volume":"29","author":"Zheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit120\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14213","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201909020","volume":"58","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit121\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119772","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2020.119772","volume":"234","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit122\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-0294(00)00046-7","volume":"5","author":"Yang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit123\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1015809124895","volume":"8","author":"Labib","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit124\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(19960611)66:6<821::AID-IJC19>3.0.CO;2-5","volume":"66","author":"All\u00e9mann","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit125\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4005(03)00057-1","volume":"90","author":"Moreno","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, B"},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit126\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3843","DOI":"10.1021\/la011764a","volume":"18","author":"Fu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit127\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5091","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28135091","volume":"28","author":"Zheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit128\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.0c01567","volume":"4","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Bio Mater."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit129\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.6b00419","volume":"117","author":"Jiang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit130\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28010399","volume":"28","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit131\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3498","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.7b00346","volume":"60","author":"Battah","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit132\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2693","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.5b00571","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit133\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dyepig.2017.09.044","volume":"149","author":"Spada","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dyes Pigm."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit134\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.1039\/b816636f","volume":"19","author":"Cheng","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit135\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2128","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.6b00356","volume":"17","author":"Chang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit136\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2022.102636","volume":"48","author":"Islam","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nanomedicine"},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit137\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15607","DOI":"10.1039\/D1NJ01431E","volume":"45","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"New J. Chem."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit138\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5140","DOI":"10.1039\/c1nr11104c","volume":"3","author":"Shen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit139\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1039\/D2BM01727J","volume":"11","author":"Ren","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomater. Sci."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit140\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7035","DOI":"10.1039\/D0PY01199A","volume":"11","author":"Bao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Polym. Chem."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit141\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4882","DOI":"10.1039\/D2NR06593B","volume":"15","author":"Sauraj","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit142\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1039\/D2DT03809A","volume":"52","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dalton Trans."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit143\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3406","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.3c00083","volume":"6","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Bio Mater."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit144\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2023.02.027","volume":"652","author":"Cheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit145\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2230","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-28678-x","volume":"13","author":"Vinita","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit146\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.3390\/bios13030324","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biosensors"},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit147\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1530","DOI":"10.1021\/acsapm.2c02016","volume":"5","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Polym. Mater."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit148\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2022.134498","volume":"1274","author":"Karanl\u0131k","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Mol. Struct."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit149\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7849","DOI":"10.1039\/D3NJ00355H","volume":"47","author":"Yalazan","year":"2023","journal-title":"New J. Chem."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit150\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.3390\/polym15030509","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit151\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2023.124493","volume":"259","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit152\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120748","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2023.120748","volume":"311","author":"Tan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit153\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14044","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.iecr.9b01275","volume":"58","author":"Singh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit154\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2021.130533","volume":"1240","author":"Singh","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mol. Struct."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit155\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1007\/s00396-020-04707-3","volume":"298","author":"Singh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Colloid Polym. Sci."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit156\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-56975-x","volume":"10","author":"Singh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit157\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3211","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.9b00427","volume":"52","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit158\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10869","DOI":"10.1021\/cr400532z","volume":"114","author":"Cheng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit159\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5017","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.macromol.6b00958","volume":"49","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit160\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133748","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2021.133748","volume":"431","author":"Cong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit161\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34991","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6b11262","volume":"8","author":"Tan","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit162\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114071","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.114071","volume":"158","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit163\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2023.01.009","volume":"184","author":"Nave","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit164\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2022.111532","volume":"225","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mater. Des."},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit165\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1039\/D2TB02466G","volume":"11","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit166\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47208","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c11701","volume":"12","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"D3NR05801H\/cit167\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.9b01242","volume":"3","author":"Peng","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Bio Mater."}],"container-title":["Nanoscale"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlepdf\/2024\/NR\/D3NR05801H","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T17:29:48Z","timestamp":1782926988000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/nr\/article\/16\/7\/3243-3268\/818786"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"references-count":167,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/d3nr05801h","relation":{},"ISSN":["2040-3364","2040-3372"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2040-3364","type":"print"},{"value":"2040-3372","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}}}