{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T13:13:12Z","timestamp":1791292392969,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":120,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001321","name":"National Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001321","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["rsc.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["RSC Adv."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The graphical abstract illustrates the step-by-step process, including extract preparation, AgNPs synthesis, characterization, and their application against bacterial pathogens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1039\/d4ra08900f","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T04:01:14Z","timestamp":1746072074000},"page":"14170-14181","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/rsc_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Phytochemical-assisted synthesis, optimization, and characterization of silver nanoparticles for antimicrobial activity"],"prefix":"10.1039","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Cynthia A.","family":"Gwada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical and Biological Sciences, Maseno University, Private Bag, Maseno, Kenya"},{"name":"Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, 2050, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prince S.","family":"Ndivhuwo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Platform, Advanced Materials Division, Mintek, 200 Malibongwe Drive, South Africa"},{"name":"DSI\/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Mintek, 200 Malibongwe Dr, Praegville, Randburg 2194, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kabo","family":"Matshetshe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DSI\/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Mintek, 200 Malibongwe Dr, Praegville, Randburg 2194, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Aradi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henry Royce Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phumlane","family":"Mdluli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Platform, Advanced Materials Division, Mintek, 200 Malibongwe Drive, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3976-6674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nosipho","family":"Moloto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, 2050, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5208-7767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francis","family":"Otieno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical and Biological Sciences, Maseno University, Private Bag, Maseno, Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8443-978X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mildred","family":"Airo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical and Biological Sciences, Maseno University, Private Bag, Maseno, Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"292","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10325","key":"D4RA08900F\/cit1\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02724-0","volume":"399","author":"Murray","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"8031","key":"D4RA08900F\/cit2\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-024-03033-w","volume":"633","author":"Naddaf","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"D4RA08900F\/cit3\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20020449","volume":"20","author":"Liao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"12","key":"D4RA08900F\/cit4\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202303328","DOI":"10.1002\/slct.202303328","volume":"9","author":"Shumbula","year":"2024","journal-title":"ChemistrySelect"},{"key":"D4RA08900F\/cit5\/1","first-page":"21","volume":"7","author":"Thamilselvi","year":"2017","journal-title":"IOSR J. Pharm."},{"issue":"6","key":"D4RA08900F\/cit6\/1","first-page":"385","volume":"9","author":"Iravani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Res. Pharm. Sci."},{"issue":"11","key":"D4RA08900F\/cit7\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2625","DOI":"10.1007\/s13204-021-02135-5","volume":"11","author":"Shaikh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Nanosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"D4RA08900F\/cit8\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.6026\/97320630017147","volume":"17","author":"Al Aboody","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioinformation"},{"issue":"5","key":"D4RA08900F\/cit9\/1","first-page":"292","volume":"10","author":"Igbinosa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Afr. J. Tradit. Complement. Altern. Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"D4RA08900F\/cit10\/1","first-page":"1387","volume":"48","author":"Kumar","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Med. Plants Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"D4RA08900F\/cit11\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3240","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28073240","volume":"28","author":"Zuhrotun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"D4RA08900F\/cit12\/1","first-page":"5","volume":"3","author":"Ogodo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"D4RA08900F\/cit13\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27030698","volume":"27","author":"Emad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"2","key":"D4RA08900F\/cit14\/1","first-page":"138","volume":"13","author":"Ghane","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Adv. Biomed. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"D4RA08900F\/cit15\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02761999000500022","volume":"94","author":"Nakamura","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"issue":"5","key":"D4RA08900F\/cit16\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105726","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arabjc.2024.105726","volume":"17","author":"Nouioura","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arabian J. Chem."},{"key":"D4RA08900F\/cit17\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1913","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15071913","volume":"15","author":"Bai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"1","key":"D4RA08900F\/cit18\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8383","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-12484-y","volume":"12","author":"Giri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"D4RA08900F\/cit19\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotochem.2023.115318","volume":"448","author":"Sharifi-Rad","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol., A"},{"key":"D4RA08900F\/cit20\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101808","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rineng.2024.101808","volume":"21","author":"Taleb Safa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Results Eng."},{"key":"D4RA08900F\/cit21\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2017.11.001","volume":"178","author":"Kumar","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol., B"},{"key":"D4RA08900F\/cit22\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/s13562-019-00522-2","volume":"29","author":"Sharma","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Plant Biochem. Biotechnol."},{"key":"D4RA08900F\/cit23\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2017.05.027","volume":"156","author":"Barbasz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Colloids Surf., B"},{"key":"D4RA08900F\/cit24\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2016.03.005","volume":"249","author":"Bastos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"D4RA08900F\/cit25\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jes.2016.05.028","volume":"51","author":"Bastos","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"D4RA08900F\/cit26\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arabjc.2017.09.004","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arabian J. Chem."},{"issue":"18","key":"D4RA08900F\/cit27\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3226","DOI":"10.3390\/nano12183226","volume":"12","author":"Harish","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"issue":"6","key":"D4RA08900F\/cit29\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e17356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e17356","volume":"9","author":"Tesfaye","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"D4RA08900F\/cit30\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.33224\/rrch\/2019.64.2.04","volume":"64","author":"Rousta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev. Roum. Chim."},{"issue":"19","key":"D4RA08900F\/cit31\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4855","DOI":"10.1039\/C4AN00978A","volume":"139","author":"Paramelle","year":"2014","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"issue":"32","key":"D4RA08900F\/cit32\/1","first-page":"2128","volume":"34","author":"Alzoubi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron."},{"key":"D4RA08900F\/cit33\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cplett.2022.139493","volume":"795","author":"Chakravarty","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"D4RA08900F\/cit34\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110676","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inoche.2023.110676","volume":"152","author":"Pratim Sarma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem. Commun."},{"issue":"4","key":"D4RA08900F\/cit35\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5531","DOI":"10.1007\/s13399-022-02857-8","volume":"14","author":"Saygi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomass Convers. Biorefin."},{"key":"D4RA08900F\/cit36\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112767","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inoche.2024.112767","volume":"167","author":"Matos","year":"2024","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem. Commun."},{"issue":"7059","key":"D4RA08900F\/cit37\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04165","volume":"437","author":"Yadong","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"21","key":"D4RA08900F\/cit38\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14096","DOI":"10.1039\/C7CP01769C","volume":"19","author":"Sharma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"14","key":"D4RA08900F\/cit39\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6434","DOI":"10.1021\/ja300901e","volume":"134","author":"Mahmoud","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"14","key":"D4RA08900F\/cit40\/1","first-page":"145302","volume":"32","author":"Sharma","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Phys.:Condens. Matter"},{"issue":"23","key":"D4RA08900F\/cit41\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235438","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.79.235438","volume":"79","author":"Yeshchenko","year":"2009","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"issue":"2","key":"D4RA08900F\/cit42\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.3390\/s19020323","volume":"19","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"D4RA08900F\/cit43\/1","volume-title":"Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials Annual Volume 2024","author":"Mekuye","year":"2023","unstructured":"B.Mekuye ,  The impact of size on the optical properties of silver nanoparticles based on dielectric function , in  Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials Annual Volume 2024 ,  IntechOpen ,  2023"},{"issue":"1","key":"D4RA08900F\/cit44\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.joc.0c02456","volume":"86","author":"Abe","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Org. Chem."},{"issue":"4","key":"D4RA08900F\/cit45\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.3390\/plants12040869","volume":"12","author":"Maliehe","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"D4RA08900F\/cit46\/1","first-page":"1339","volume":"69","author":"Padmavathi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mater. Today: Proc."},{"key":"D4RA08900F\/cit47\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matchemphys.2024.129715","volume":"325","author":"Pinheiro","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mater. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"11","key":"D4RA08900F\/cit48\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9617","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.3c01881","volume":"6","author":"Wei","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Nano Mater."},{"issue":"6","key":"D4RA08900F\/cit49\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nantod.2015.07.002","volume":"10","author":"Forest","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nano Today"},{"key":"D4RA08900F\/cit50\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1159\/000093928","volume":"33","author":"Lansdown","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr. Probl. Dermatol."},{"key":"D4RA08900F\/cit51\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106722","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2023.106722","volume":"139","author":"Chhatrapati Bisen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bioorg. Chem."}],"container-title":["RSC Advances"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlepdf\/2025\/RA\/D4RA08900F","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T20:37:56Z","timestamp":1782851876000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/ra\/article\/15\/18\/14170-14181\/868228"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/d4ra08900f","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1039\/D4RA08900F\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1039\/D4RA08900F\/v2\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1039\/D4RA08900F\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1039\/D4RA08900F\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1039\/D4RA08900F\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1039\/D4RA08900F\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1039\/D4RA08900F\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2046-2069"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2046-2069","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}}}