{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T22:37:46Z","timestamp":1790116666735,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":273,"publisher":"Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,5,7]],"date-time":"2027-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1809648000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":491,"URL":"http:\/\/rsc.li\/journals-terms-of-use#chorus"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HL155815"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL155815"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DC021461"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DC021461"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2145802"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2145802"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2444815"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2444815"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014055","name":"U.S. Army Medical Research Acquisition Activity","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HT9425-24-1-0249"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HT9425-24-1-0249"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000183","name":"Army Research Office","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W911NF-23-1-0041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W911NF-23-1-0041"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000183","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000006","name":"Office of Naval Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N00014-25-1-2258"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N00014-25-1-2258"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000006","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014221","name":"Heritage Medical Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014221","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["rsc.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chem. Soc. Rev."],"abstract":"<jats:p>A mechanism-driven framework for tissue\u2013bioelectronics interfaces, integrating interfacial mechanisms, materials, structural design and fabrication to enable stable, conformal bioelectronic systems for continuous monitoring and therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1039\/d5cs01422k","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T12:23:22Z","timestamp":1778156602000},"page":"6307-6343","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/rsc_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Tissue-bioelectronics interfaces"],"prefix":"10.1039","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Jiahong","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8503-4562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"292","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"reference":[{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit1\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02391-8","volume":"29","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit2\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmedr.2018.10.008","volume":"12","author":"Hajat","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prev. Med. Rep."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit3\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-025-00961-2","volume":"21","author":"Madhvapathy","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Nephrol."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit4\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-08249-4","volume":"636","author":"Brasier","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit5\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-025-01127-0","volume":"22","author":"Min","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit6\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578-024-00693-y","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mater."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit7\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abg4502","volume":"373","author":"Perkins","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit8\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16093","DOI":"10.1038\/natrevmats.2016.93","volume":"2","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mater."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit9\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"066014","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/10\/6\/066014","volume":"10","author":"Barrese","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neural Eng."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit10\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2807","volume":"18","author":"Wynn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit11\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928-022-00913-9","volume":"6","author":"Tang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Electron."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit12\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2213837120","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2213837120","volume":"120","author":"Ni","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit13\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.00824","volume":"9","author":"Martino","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit14\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2597","volume":"10","author":"Jaalouk","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit15\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2007.11.004","volume":"20","author":"Anderson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Semin. Immunol."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit16\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2147","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.178.6.2147","volume":"178","author":"Tang","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit17\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.2174\/1568010054022024","volume":"4","author":"Fujiwara","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Targets Inflamm. Allergy"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit18\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bioeng.10.061807.160518","volume":"10","author":"Cogan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit19\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adh7726","volume":"381","author":"Madhvapathy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit20\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat2745","volume":"9","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit21\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-020-0679-7","volume":"19","author":"Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit22\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1182383","volume":"327","author":"Rogers","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit23\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1038\/s44287-025-00220-3","volume":"2","author":"Nishio","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Electr. Eng."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit24\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4309","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.0c01088","volume":"121","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit25\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.3462","volume":"34","author":"Vegas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit26\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1206157","volume":"333","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit27\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11336","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.0c00798","volume":"121","author":"Nam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit28\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1861","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-57016-0","volume":"16","author":"Boufidis","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit29\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36166","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.2c10202","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit30\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2009.10.046","volume":"6","author":"Kurokawa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit31\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3289","DOI":"10.1039\/C5SC00410A","volume":"6","author":"Reilly","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Sci."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit32\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abl8941","volume":"375","author":"Yan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit33\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2833","DOI":"10.1529\/biophysj.104.047639","volume":"88","author":"Nie","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit34\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2001628","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202001628","volume":"32","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit35\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1710-5","volume":"575","author":"Yuk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit36\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7156","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-27529-5","volume":"12","author":"Xue","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit37\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2400143","DOI":"10.1002\/anbr.202400143","volume":"5","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. NanoBiomed Res."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit38\/1","first-page":"2321","volume":"370","author":"Palacio","year":"2012","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Math. Phys. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit39\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1801884","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201801884","volume":"30","author":"Rao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit40\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7344","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201504059","volume":"27","author":"Roy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit41\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40290","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.1c10048","volume":"13","author":"Montazerian","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit42\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aah6362","volume":"357","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit43\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-021-01051-x","volume":"20","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit44\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1098\/rstl.1805.0005","author":"Young III","year":"1805","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit45\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1021\/ja973071f","volume":"120","author":"Delamarche","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit46\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-55284-w","volume":"16","author":"Wisniewski","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit47\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10240","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-65473-w","volume":"16","author":"Boys","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit48\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-025-02430-4","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit49\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmacrolett.7b00829","volume":"6","author":"Park","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Macro Lett."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit50\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26483","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b07969","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit51\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1901693","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201901693","volume":"30","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit52\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2025.118593","volume":"192","author":"Samieipour","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit53\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat4463","volume":"15","author":"Yuk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit54\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.1053","volume":"58","author":"Wallace","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit55\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.3171\/JNS-07\/09\/0642","volume":"107","author":"Preul","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit56\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3399","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.200900340","volume":"21","author":"Artzi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. Deerfield Beach Fla"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit57\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130020","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.130020","volume":"264","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit58\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0886-0440.2003.00304.x","volume":"18","author":"Chao","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Card. Surg."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit59\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2003","DOI":"10.1039\/c2cs15305j","volume":"41","author":"Belowich","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit60\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1039\/C8BM00312B","volume":"6","author":"Korde","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomater. Sci."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit61\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2837","DOI":"10.1016\/S0032-3861(00)00618-2","volume":"42","author":"Klemarczyk","year":"2001","journal-title":"Polymer"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit62\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141.e5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2011.07.009","volume":"25","author":"Garcia-Roig","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit63\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2008.00273.x","volume":"15","author":"Singer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acad. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit64\/1","first-page":"748","volume":"23","author":"Investigators","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit65\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1016\/j.progpolymsci.2007.05.017","volume":"32","author":"Nair","year":"2007","journal-title":"Prog. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit66\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1704640","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201704640","volume":"30","author":"Hofman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit67\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adt0293","volume":"388","author":"Davoodi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit68\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8271","DOI":"10.1039\/C4CS00185K","volume":"43","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit69\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1907505","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201907505","volume":"32","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit70\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiec.2019.05.026","volume":"78","author":"Hoang Thi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Ind. Eng. Chem."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit71\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4636(200002)49:2<289::AID-JBM18>3.0.CO;2-M","volume":"49","author":"Ono","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit72\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e31817743b8","volume":"122","author":"Gilbert","year":"2008","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit73\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-019-0140-6","volume":"20","author":"Hong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit74\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"031001","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/aa8b4f","volume":"15","author":"Lecomte","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neural Eng."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit75\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3969","volume":"13","author":"Fu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit76\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1601966","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1601966","volume":"3","author":"Luan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit77\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e16194","DOI":"10.2196\/16194","volume":"21","author":"Musk","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit78\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-023-01569-2","volume":"22","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit79\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adp9314","volume":"386","author":"Dai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit80\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaw1974","volume":"376","author":"Dobashi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit81\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4523","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms5523","volume":"5","author":"Zhu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit82\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eadk1050","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adk1050","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit83\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2017.10.001","volume":"154","author":"Oakes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit84\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2983","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2004.08.021","volume":"26","author":"He","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit85\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2020.00111","volume":"14","author":"Gearing","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit86\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0270(89)90142-8","volume":"29","author":"Kennedy","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit87\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eadd8162","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.add8162","volume":"9","author":"Rochford","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit88\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3389\/fneng.2014.00007","volume":"7","author":"De Faveri","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Neuroengineering"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit89\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"026005","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/6\/2\/026005","volume":"6","author":"Purcell","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neural Eng."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit90\/1","first-page":"90","volume":"27","author":"Miles","year":"2009","journal-title":"Surg. Oxf."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit91\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4026","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsolstr.2014.07.025","volume":"51","author":"Widlund","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Solids Struct."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit92\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7816","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actamat.2013.09.020","volume":"61","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Mater."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit93\/1","volume-title":"Theory of Elastic Stability","author":"Timoshenko","year":"2012","unstructured":"S. P.Timoshenko  and  J. M.Gere ,  Theory of Elastic Stability ,  Courier Corporation ,  2012"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit94\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsolstr.2016.04.030","volume":"91","author":"Fan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Solids Struct."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit95\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat4289","volume":"14","author":"Dagdeviren","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit96\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1154367","volume":"320","author":"Kim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit97\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2300412","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202300412","volume":"33","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit98\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5610","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.8b02088","volume":"18","author":"Nur","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit99\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"014303","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2828050","volume":"103","author":"Song","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit100\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-021-01031-1","volume":"20","author":"Babaee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit101\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12436","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b20691","volume":"12","author":"Pradhan","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit102\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabn0495","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.abn0495","volume":"7","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Robot."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit103\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07113","volume":"454","author":"Ko","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit104\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18675","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0807476105","volume":"105","author":"Kim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit105\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-020-00604-w","volume":"4","author":"Han","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit106\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12321","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0502392102","volume":"102","author":"Someya","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit107\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5894","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1705509114","volume":"114","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit108\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adh3916","volume":"381","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit109\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-55992-x","volume":"16","author":"Sun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit110\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eadr3567","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adr3567","author":"Ciatti","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit111\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-024-01658-6","volume":"19","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit112\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-020-00814-2","volume":"20","author":"Deng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit113\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abo2542","volume":"377","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit114\/1","volume-title":"Theory of Elasticity","author":"Landau","year":"2012","unstructured":"L. D.Landau ,  L. P.Pitaevskii ,  A. M.Kosevich  and  E. M.Lifshitz ,  Theory of Elasticity , vol. 7,  Elsevier ,  2012"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit115\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat4009","volume":"13","author":"Chaudhuri","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit116\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142C","DOI":"10.1149\/1.2428174","volume":"108","author":"Ferry","year":"1961","journal-title":"J. Electrochem. Soc."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit117\/1","volume-title":"Fluid Mechanics","author":"Kundu","year":"2024","unstructured":"P. K.Kundu ,  I. M.Cohen ,  D. R.Dowling  and  J.Capecelatro ,  Fluid Mechanics ,  Elsevier ,  2024"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit118\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2400868121","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2400868121","volume":"121","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit119\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1038\/nature25494","volume":"555","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit120\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-09106-8","volume":"642","author":"Sheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit121\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-018-0226-8","volume":"13","author":"Choi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit122\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-018-0084-7","volume":"17","author":"Markvicka","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit123\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2168","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2019.2908433","volume":"107","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit124\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2000275","DOI":"10.1002\/aisy.202000275","volume":"3","author":"Cole","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Intell. Syst."},{"issue":"2","key":"D5CS01422K\/cit125\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.53964\/jmpcm.2022002","volume":"1","author":"Afzal","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Mod. Polym. Chem. Mater."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit126\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1021\/acsaelm.4c02190","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Electron. Mater."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit127\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2022.3193115","volume":"70","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit128\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-021-00926-z","volume":"16","author":"Tringides","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit129\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578-025-00819-w","volume":"10","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mater."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit130\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928-020-00513-5","volume":"4","author":"Dai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Electron."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit131\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928-023-00918-y","volume":"6","author":"Koo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Electron."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit132\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabg9180","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abg9180","volume":"7","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit133\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.device.2024.100426","volume":"2","author":"Kang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Device"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit134\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5385","DOI":"10.1039\/C9TC01182J","volume":"7","author":"Cui","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. C"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit135\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1904765","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201904765","volume":"31","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit136\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabo6900","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abo6900","volume":"8","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit137\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabi6290","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abi6290","volume":"7","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit138\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eadh2213","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adh2213","volume":"9","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit139\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2207539","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202207539","volume":"19","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit140\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1616","volume":"5","author":"Weibel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit141\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1038\/s41557-022-01126-5","volume":"15","author":"Overholts","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Chem."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit142\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bea.2021.100004","volume":"1","author":"Abe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed. Eng. Adv."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit143\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10109","DOI":"10.1002\/mds3.10109","volume":"3","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. Devices Sens."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit144\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2303680","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202303680","volume":"35","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit145\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eadi6492","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adi6492","volume":"9","author":"Song","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit146\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1705651","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201705651","volume":"30","author":"Lacey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit147\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2343","DOI":"10.1039\/C8NR08933G","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit148\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1038\/s41528-019-0057-1","volume":"3","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Npj Flex. Electron."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit149\/1","first-page":"110","volume":"5","author":"Quan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit150\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiec.2020.12.011","volume":"95","author":"Shin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Ind. Eng. Chem."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit151\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2010.04.050","volume":"31","author":"Melchels","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit152\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-20498-1","volume":"12","author":"Dong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit153\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-019-0525-y","volume":"19","author":"Moore","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit154\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7931","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-35622-6","volume":"13","author":"Cheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit155\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11585","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.4c00513","volume":"124","author":"Yin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit156\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaba4261","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aba4261","volume":"7","author":"Ge","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit157\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adn6925","volume":"385","author":"Dhand","year":"2024","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit158\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-7021(10)70223-6","volume":"13","author":"Narayan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mater. Today"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit159\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5031","DOI":"10.1039\/C5CS00278H","volume":"44","author":"Xing","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit160\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2019.08.045","volume":"101","author":"Singh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit161\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1856","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-38366-w","volume":"9","author":"Albanna","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit162\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.18063\/ijb.v5i2.2.204","volume":"5","author":"Kolan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Bioprinting"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit163\/1","first-page":"201","volume":"25","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit164\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-017-2317-4","volume":"32","author":"Ash","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lasers Med. Sci."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit165\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaba7406","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aba7406","volume":"6","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit166\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-020-0568-z","volume":"4","author":"Urciuolo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit167\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adi1563","volume":"382","author":"Kuang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit168\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1038\/s43586-021-00073-8","volume":"1","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Methods Primer"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit169\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2016.06.012","volume":"102","author":"Gudapati","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit170\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1038\/s43586-025-00394-y","volume":"5","author":"Gupta","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Methods Primer"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit171\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2303286","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202303286","volume":"33","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit172\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0792-9","volume":"26","author":"Chung","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit173\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07381-5","volume":"629","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit174\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1038\/s41377-024-01524-z","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Light: Sci. Appl."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit175\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4666","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-25008-5","volume":"12","author":"Lopes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit176\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928-024-01194-0","volume":"7","author":"Zheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Electron."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit177\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1038\/s44222-023-00102-z","volume":"2","author":"Sunwoo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Bioeng."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit178\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928-022-00868-x","volume":"5","author":"Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Electron."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit179\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adn2600","volume":"386","author":"Zargartalebi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit180\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-023-01513-0","volume":"19","author":"Ye","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit181\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928-025-01407-0","volume":"8","author":"Min","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Electron."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit182\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07334-y","volume":"630","author":"Tang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit183\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101024","DOI":"10.1016\/j.device.2025.101024","volume":"4","author":"Kwak","year":"2026","journal-title":"Device"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit184\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0792-9","volume":"26","author":"Chung","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit185\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-022-00887-1","volume":"6","author":"Tehrani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit186\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1601185","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1601185","volume":"2","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit187\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-019-0480-6","volume":"4","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit188\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1910288","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201910288","volume":"30","author":"Cotur","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit189\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3905","volume":"18","author":"Khodagholy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit190\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.3093","volume":"33","author":"Canales","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit191\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1600955","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1600955","volume":"3","author":"Lu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit192\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2402501","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202402501","volume":"34","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit193\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6569","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.9b00152","volume":"91","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit194\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6115","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19946-9","volume":"11","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit195\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-023-01833-5","volume":"42","author":"Sahasrabudhe","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit196\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1804456","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201804456","volume":"28","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit197\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3219","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.9b08638","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit198\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaay2840","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aay2840","volume":"6","author":"Fan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit199\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-08943-x","volume":"642","author":"Yin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit200\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-018-0335-6","volume":"3","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit201\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-08726-4","volume":"640","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit202\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-023-01833-5","volume":"42","author":"Sahasrabudhe","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit203\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5205","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13198-y","volume":"10","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit204\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2650","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-58075-z","volume":"16","author":"Xue","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit205\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eadf7388","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adf7388","volume":"9","author":"Shirzaei Sani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit206\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-022-01528-3","volume":"41","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit207\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9380","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-53579-6","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit208\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1260318","volume":"347","author":"Minev","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit209\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3345","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03196-z","volume":"30","author":"Oehrn","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit210\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928-024-01138-8","volume":"7","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Electron."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit211\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-018-0335-6","volume":"3","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit212\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8577","DOI":"10.1039\/D4TB00782D","volume":"12","author":"Zheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit213\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-09028-5","volume":"643","author":"Kilgard","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit214\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-025-01988-1","volume":"28","author":"Ferrero","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit215\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-023-01029-x","volume":"7","author":"Ouyang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit216\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1126\/science.ade0086","volume":"380","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit217\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0823-6","volume":"565","author":"Mickle","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit218\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inat.2018.08.002","volume":"14","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Interdiscip. Neurosurg."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit219\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17076","DOI":"10.1038\/natrevmats.2017.76","volume":"3","author":"Feiner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mater."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit220\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1097\/DER.0000000000000575","volume":"31","author":"Khatsenko","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dermatitis"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit221\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2007.11.019","volume":"143","author":"Baek","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators Phys."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit222\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matt.2021.02.001","volume":"4","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Matter"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit223\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2015.115","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit224\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2007.03.024","volume":"28","author":"Seymour","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit225\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2902","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27092902","volume":"27","author":"Ho","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit226\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-816137-1.00014-3","volume-title":"Hydrogels, Biomaterials Science","author":"Peppas","year":"2020","unstructured":"N. A.Peppas  and  A. S.Hoffman ,  Hydrogels, Biomaterials Science ,  Academic Press ,  2020 ,  pp. 153\u2013166 10.1016\/B978-0-12-816137-1.00014-3"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit227\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1039\/C8CS00595H","volume":"48","author":"Yuk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit228\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928-022-00887-8","volume":"5","author":"Hui","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Electron."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit229\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928-021-00545-5","volume":"4","author":"Ohm","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Electron."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit230\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20030636","volume":"20","author":"Mariani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit231\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2019.08.010","volume":"144","author":"Veiseh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Delivery Rev."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit232\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1021\/bm301962f","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit233\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.36856","volume":"108","author":"Imlimthan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit234\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1801451","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201801451","volume":"8","author":"Witherel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Healthcare Mater."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit235\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2010929","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202010929","volume":"31","author":"Kutner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit236\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.200901407","volume":"22","author":"Jiang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit237\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6288","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200902672","volume":"49","author":"Knop","year":"2010","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit238\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-018-0273-3","volume":"2","author":"Xie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit239\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/3\/4\/009","volume":"3","author":"He","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neural Eng."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit240\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2999","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2009.12.055","volume":"31","author":"Zaveri","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit241\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10300","DOI":"10.1002\/btm2.10300","volume":"7","author":"Capuani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioeng. Transl. Med."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit242\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10887","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-29167-2","volume":"8","author":"Robotti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit243\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2021.112467","volume":"130","author":"Booth","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng., C"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit244\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/0142-9612(88)90065-8","volume":"9","author":"Shelton","year":"1988","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit245\/1","unstructured":"Proteins at Interfaces II, Copyright, 1995 Advisory Board, Foreword. in Proteins at Interfaces II vol. 602 i\u2013iv (American Chemical Society, 1995)"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit246\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/0927-7765(94)80066-9","volume":"2","author":"Haynes","year":"1994","journal-title":"Colloids Surf., B"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit247\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.2005.11.1","volume":"11","author":"Wilson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Tissue Eng."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit248\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4636(199605)31:1<139::AID-JBM15>3.0.CO;2-I","volume":"31","author":"Hunt","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit249\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2019.119667","volume":"231","author":"Lopez-Silva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit250\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6879","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b17670","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit251\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120806","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.120806","volume":"273","author":"Hernandez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit252\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matt.2021.02.001","volume":"4","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Matter"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit253\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2021.10.003","volume":"72","author":"Shi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Biotechnol"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit254\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1039\/D3BM01204B","volume":"12","author":"Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomater. Sci."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit255\/1","first-page":"531","volume":"42","author":"Villa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit256\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1021\/cn500256e","volume":"6","author":"Kozai","year":"2015","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Neurosci."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit257\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/s42234-025-00179-4","volume":"11","author":"Mariello","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bioelectron. Med."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit258\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11722","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.3c00408","volume":"123","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit259\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1226325","volume":"337","author":"Hwang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit260\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-bioeng-110122-121128","volume":"27","author":"Park","year":"2025","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit261\/1","year":"2024","unstructured":"Submission and Review of Sterility Information in Premarket Notification (510(k)) Submissions for Devices Labeled as Sterile. US Food Drug Adm. ( 2024 )"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit262\/1","year":"1991","unstructured":"Shelf Life of Medical Devices, Guidance Document. US Food Drug Adm. ( 1991 )"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit263\/1","year":"2023","unstructured":"Biological evaluation of medical devices\u2014Part 1: Evaluation and testing within a risk management process. US Food Drug Adm.  https:\/\/array.aami.org\/doi\/10.2345\/9781570207556.ch1  ( 2023 )"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit264\/1","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chemical Analysis for Biocompatibility Assessment of Medical Devices. US Food Drug Adm. ( 2024 )"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit265\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928-022-00868-x","volume":"5","author":"Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Electron."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit266\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3905","volume":"18","author":"Khodagholy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit267\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928-025-01407-0","volume":"8","author":"Min","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Electron."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit268\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1260318","volume":"347","author":"Minev","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit269\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eady6745","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.ady6745","volume":"11","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit270\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8462","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-52354-x","volume":"15","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit271\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1038\/s41528-024-00364-6","volume":"8","author":"Song","year":"2024","journal-title":"Npj Flex. Electron."},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit272\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1126\/science.ade0086","volume":"380","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"D5CS01422K\/cit273\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2190","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-29859-4","volume":"13","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."}],"container-title":["Chemical Society Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlepdf\/2026\/CS\/D5CS01422K","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlepdf\/2026\/CS\/D5CS01422K","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T17:23:56Z","timestamp":1782926636000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/cs\/article\/55\/11\/6307-6343\/1228806"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":273,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/d5cs01422k","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-0012","1460-4744"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-0012","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-4744","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}