{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T07:15:50Z","timestamp":1793949350580,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771372800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":48,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EPT517896"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EPT517896"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000287","name":"Royal Academy of Engineering","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RF201718.1741"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RF201718.1741"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000287","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["rsc.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lab Chip"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We introduce the WAFFLE \u2013 a fully automated, open-source platform combining sensor fabrication and MCMC-based analysis for enhanced electrochemical biosensing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1039\/d5lc00988j","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T17:41:37Z","timestamp":1771436497000},"page":"2035-2046","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/rsc_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["WAFFLE \u2013 an automated platform for enhancing the performance of electrochemical biosensors"],"prefix":"10.1039","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5661-1423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra","family":"Dobrea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NW, UK"},{"name":"James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rowan","family":"Blake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pure and Applied Chemistry Department, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NW, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9250-434X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Macdonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pure and Applied Chemistry Department, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NW, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cormack","family":"McKenzie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NW, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoann","family":"Altmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"James Watt School of Engineering, Heriot-Watt University, EH14 4AS Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4647-7483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Damion K.","family":"Corrigan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pure and Applied Chemistry Department, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NW, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Jimenez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"292","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"reference":[{"key":"D5LC00988J\/cit1\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"037525","DOI":"10.1149\/2.0252003JES","volume":"167","author":"Cui","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Electrochem. Soc."},{"key":"D5LC00988J\/cit2\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28487","DOI":"10.1039\/D4RA04038D","volume":"14","author":"Khaleque","year":"2024","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"D5LC00988J\/cit3\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-024-06916-x","volume":"192","author":"Sajeevan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microchim. Acta"},{"key":"D5LC00988J\/cit4\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-024-06924-x","volume":"192","author":"Salda\u00f1a-Ahuactzi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microchim. Acta"},{"key":"D5LC00988J\/cit5\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"037527","DOI":"10.1149\/1945-7111\/ad32a1","volume":"171","author":"Sable","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Electrochem. Soc."},{"issue":"6","key":"D5LC00988J\/cit6\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1891","DOI":"10.3390\/s18061891","volume":"18","author":"Corrigan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"1","key":"D5LC00988J\/cit7\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.3390\/bios9010022","volume":"9","author":"Butterworth","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biosensors"},{"key":"D5LC00988J\/cit8\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.7b00840","volume":"3","author":"Bizzotto","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"key":"D5LC00988J\/cit9\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1038\/s44222-023-00032-w","volume":"1","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Bioeng."},{"key":"D5LC00988J\/cit10\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coelec.2019.05.014","volume":"15","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-la-Villa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Electrochem."},{"key":"D5LC00988J\/cit11\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5320","DOI":"10.1039\/C4CS00369A","volume":"44","author":"Rackus","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"D5LC00988J\/cit12\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2016.02.008","volume":"34","author":"Hu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Adv."},{"key":"D5LC00988J\/cit13\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10404-023-02652-5","volume":"27","author":"Cheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microfluid. Nanofluid."},{"key":"D5LC00988J\/cit14\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aar6076","volume":"10","author":"Ng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"D5LC00988J\/cit15\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2506","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.8b05375","volume":"91","author":"De Campos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"D5LC00988J\/cit16\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4535","DOI":"10.1039\/D1AN00671A","volume":"146","author":"Evans","year":"2021","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"D5LC00988J\/cit17\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4359","DOI":"10.1039\/C6LC01121G","volume":"16","author":"Tang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"D5LC00988J\/cit18\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1908","DOI":"10.1039\/D1LC00079A","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"D5LC00988J\/cit19\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1039\/D2AN01761J","volume":"148","author":"Ozefe","year":"2023","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"D5LC00988J\/cit20\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3574","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.3c01221","volume":"8","author":"Fu","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"key":"D5LC00988J\/cit21\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2034","DOI":"10.1039\/d3an01704d","author":"Kaewarsa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"D5LC00988J\/cit22\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-64852-5","volume":"14","author":"Dobrea","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"D5LC00988J\/cit23\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2023.109532","volume":"195","author":"Chandnani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microchem. J."},{"key":"D5LC00988J\/cit24\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2014.12.006","volume":"209","author":"Horak","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, B"},{"key":"D5LC00988J\/cit25\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8325","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-020-02968-z","volume":"412","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"D5LC00988J\/cit26\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2022.114338","volume":"210","author":"Sheen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"issue":"8","key":"D5LC00988J\/cit27\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/LSENS.2025.3588757","volume":"9","author":"Menon","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. Lett."},{"key":"D5LC00988J\/cit28\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2019.01.001","volume":"129","author":"Sinha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"D5LC00988J\/cit29\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1039\/D3SD00095H","volume":"2","author":"Ecke","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sens. Diagn."},{"key":"D5LC00988J\/cit30\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2007.086975","volume":"53","author":"Wu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"D5LC00988J\/cit31\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2005.12.008","volume":"22","author":"Wu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"D5LC00988J\/cit32\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113629","volume":"194","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"D5LC00988J\/cit33\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2017.09.046","volume":"100","author":"Altintas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"D5LC00988J\/cit34\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7775","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-016-9879-z","volume":"408","author":"Uludag","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"D5LC00988J\/cit35\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2014.03.024","volume":"59","author":"Dulay","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"D5LC00988J\/cit36\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7569","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.8b01198","volume":"90","author":"Kadimisetty","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"D5LC00988J\/cit37\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3103","DOI":"10.1021\/acschembio.7b00634","volume":"12","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Biol."},{"key":"D5LC00988J\/cit38\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7035","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-023-04973-4","volume":"415","author":"S\u00e1nchez-Salcedo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"D5LC00988J\/cit39\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3704","DOI":"10.1039\/D1CC00936B","volume":"57","author":"Vezza","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"D5LC00988J\/cit40\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2126","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.1c04456","volume":"94","author":"Lasserre","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"D5LC00988J\/cit41\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111696","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2019.111696","volume":"145","author":"Hannah","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"D5LC00988J\/cit42\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2022.113515","volume":"339","author":"Ghorbanpoor","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, A"},{"key":"D5LC00988J\/cit43\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2025.117607","volume":"285","author":"Wachholz Junior","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"D5LC00988J\/cit44\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmeasuresciau.2c00070","volume":"3","author":"Lazanas","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Meas. Sci. Au"}],"container-title":["Lab on a Chip"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlepdf\/2026\/LC\/D5LC00988J","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T04:36:50Z","timestamp":1782880610000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/lc\/article\/26\/6\/2035-2046\/1230293"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/d5lc00988j","relation":{},"ISSN":["1473-0197","1473-0189"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1473-0197","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-0189","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}