{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T10:03:04Z","timestamp":1784196184375,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)","issue":"27","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,4,20]],"date-time":"2027-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1808179200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":474,"URL":"http:\/\/rsc.li\/journals-terms-of-use"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020950","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSTC 114-2112-M-032-008-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 114-2112-M-032-008-MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020950","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["rsc.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nanoscale"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This mini-review elucidates the electronic structure and catalytic mechanisms of heteronanostructured metal oxide catalysts using advanced X-ray spectroscopy. Graphical abstract image: water image by rawpixel.com via Freepik (www. freepik.com).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1039\/d5nr05168a","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T08:44:27Z","timestamp":1776674667000},"page":"14153-14181","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/rsc_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["X-ray absorption spectroscopy perspective on electronic structure and catalysis of metal oxide heteronanostructures"],"prefix":"10.1039","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Ramana Ramya","family":"Jayapalan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Tamkang University, Tamsui 25137, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thanigai Arul","family":"Kumaravelu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5085-5806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lionel","family":"Vayssieres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Research Center for Renewable Energy, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4289-4677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chung-Li","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Tamkang University, Tamsui 25137, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"292","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"reference":[{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit1\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05281-0","volume":"611","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit2\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rineng.2022.100472","volume":"15","author":"Mahmud","year":"2022","journal-title":"Results Eng."},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit3\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.2c06075","volume":"11","author":"Tao","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng."},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit4\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2025.238436","volume":"660","author":"Sengodan","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Power Sources"},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit5\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2212869","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202212869","volume":"33","author":"Xia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit6\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6744","DOI":"10.1021\/ja502379c","volume":"136","author":"Trotochaud","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit7\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2017.08.028","volume":"427","author":"Ahuja","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit8\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104033","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtcomm.2022.104033","volume":"32","author":"Kour","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mater. Today Commun."},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit9\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01656","DOI":"10.1016\/j.susmat.2025.e01656","volume":"46","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sustainable Mater. Technol."},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit10\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237991","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2025.237991","volume":"655","author":"Chavan","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Power Sources"},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit11\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12289","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.energyfuels.5c00825","volume":"39","author":"Hsiao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Energy Fuels"},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit12\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2023.117199","volume":"166","author":"Kong","year":"2023","journal-title":"TrAC, Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit13\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25640","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.3c00963","volume":"8","author":"Rafique","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit14\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.solidstatesciences.2018.03.016","volume":"80","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Solid State Sci."},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit15\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2320","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.200500992","volume":"17","author":"Vayssieres","year":"2005","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit16\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"012054","DOI":"10.1088\/1755-1315\/743\/1\/012054","volume":"743","author":"Engge","year":"2021","journal-title":"IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci."},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit17\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2022.03.005","volume":"47","author":"Ambardekar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrogen Energy"},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit18\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbsr.2021.100463","volume":"34","author":"Onyancha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sens. Bio-Sens. Res."},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit19\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20660","DOI":"10.1039\/C9RA03435H","volume":"9","author":"Thompson","year":"2019","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit20\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2006","DOI":"10.1021\/cs500372v","volume":"4","author":"Mirbagheri","year":"2014","journal-title":"ACS Catal."},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit21\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2862","DOI":"10.1021\/cm900565a","volume":"21","author":"Sivula","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit22\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7436","DOI":"10.1021\/ja101564f","volume":"132","author":"Sivula","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit23\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.201301013","volume":"7","author":"Ling","year":"2014","journal-title":"ChemSusChem"},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit24\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2456","DOI":"10.1149\/1.1393553","volume":"147","author":"Beermann","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Electrochem. Soc."},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit25\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201402477","volume":"27","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit26\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3763","DOI":"10.1021\/cm803510v","volume":"21","author":"Tahir","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit27\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1039\/C4EE03803G","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit28\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2019.02.048","volume":"248","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Catal., B"},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit29\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"043001","DOI":"10.1149\/2162-8777\/ac6114","volume":"11","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Guti\u00e9rrez","year":"2022","journal-title":"ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol."},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit30\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"0003","DOI":"10.1038\/s41570-016-0003","volume":"1","author":"Roger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Chem."},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit31\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2504","DOI":"10.1039\/C4EE00450G","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit32\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2031","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b16911","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit33\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1039\/D4SE01076K","volume":"9","author":"Dotta","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sustainable Energy Fuels"},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit34\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200501","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0066931","volume":"119","author":"Souza Junior","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit35\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1111\/jace.18460","volume":"106","author":"Bedin","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Am. Ceram. Soc."},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit36\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"071602","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0060483","volume":"119","author":"Rodriguez-Gutierrez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit37\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1504\/IJNT.2011.040192","volume":"8","author":"Shen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit38\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2025","DOI":"10.1039\/C7EE03650G","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit39\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1515\/nanoph-2012-0010","volume":"1","author":"Shen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nanophotonics"},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit40\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/S0927-0248(01)00062-9","volume":"71","author":"Lindgren","year":"2002","journal-title":"Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells"},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit41\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1002\/cnma.201600024","volume":"2","author":"Fu","year":"2016","journal-title":"ChemNanoMat"},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit42\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3100","DOI":"10.1039\/C4EE01066C","volume":"7","author":"Kronawitter","year":"2014","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit43\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"064002","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6528\/aa9d75","volume":"29","author":"Chang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nanotechnology"},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit44\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3846","DOI":"10.1039\/C5CP07479G","volume":"18","author":"Fu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit45\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1007\/s12274-016-1050-9","volume":"9","author":"Wei","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nano Res."},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit46\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"063103","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0015519","volume":"128","author":"Tofanello","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit47\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6955","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.8b00205","volume":"122","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit48\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2015.142","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Photonics"},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit49\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1557\/jmr.2013.200","volume":"29","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Mater. Res."},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit50\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1500280","DOI":"10.1002\/admi.201500280","volume":"2","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit51\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145907","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2020.145907","volume":"514","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit52\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2019.153225","volume":"821","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit53\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2021.07.085","volume":"46","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrogen Energy"},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit54\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3716","DOI":"10.1039\/C6CS00015K","volume":"46","author":"Kment","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit55\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2744","DOI":"10.1039\/C6EE01845A","volume":"9","author":"Shen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit56\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2019.118206","volume":"260","author":"Fu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Catal., B"},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit57\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10094","DOI":"10.1039\/C5NR01493J","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit58\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125109","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.85.125109","volume":"85","author":"Kronawitter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys."},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit59\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5431","DOI":"10.1021\/nl303101n","volume":"12","author":"Stefik","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit60\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12153","DOI":"10.1021\/am501379m","volume":"6","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2014","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit61\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1928","DOI":"10.1021\/nl2000743","volume":"11","author":"Su","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit62\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18550","DOI":"10.1021\/am505651d","volume":"6","author":"Fu","year":"2014","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit63\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22780","DOI":"10.1021\/jp308918e","volume":"116","author":"Kronawitter","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit64\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1300995","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.201300995","volume":"4","author":"Xie","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv. Energy Mater."},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit65\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2017.01.062","volume":"206","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Catal., B"},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit66\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1702888","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.201702888","volume":"8","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Energy Mater."},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit67\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"040905","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0003146","volume":"8","author":"Tofanello","year":"2020","journal-title":"APL Mater."},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit68\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2019.02.109","volume":"45","author":"Reddy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrogen Energy"},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit69\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1039\/D0QM00729C","volume":"5","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mater. Chem. Front."},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit70\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5090","DOI":"10.1039\/C8TA09494B","volume":"7","author":"Kwon","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit71\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8656","DOI":"10.1039\/D1TA10203F","volume":"10","author":"Fareza","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit72\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1080\/08940880903256783","volume":"22","author":"Liang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Synchrotron Radiat. News"},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit73\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-55315-8","volume-title":"Synchrotron radiation: basics, methods and applications","author":"Mobilio","year":"2015","unstructured":"S.Mobilio ,  F.Boscherini  and  C.Meneghini ,  Synchrotron radiation: basics, methods and applications ,  Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg ,  2015"},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit74\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/s11120-009-9473-8","volume":"102","author":"Yano","year":"2009","journal-title":"Photosynth. Res."},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit75\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1700341","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.201700341","volume":"2","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Small Methods"},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit76\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343001","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6463\/ac017f","volume":"54","author":"Arul","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys."},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit77\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1039\/D2QM00970F","volume":"7","author":"Qi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mater. Chem. Front."},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit78\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1039\/C6CS00230G","volume":"46","author":"van Oversteeg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit79\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.8b12243","volume":"141","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit80\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2185","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201304964","volume":"26","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit81\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9507","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5b03591","volume":"9","author":"Anasori","year":"2015","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit82\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3517","DOI":"10.1021\/ja210924t","volume":"134","author":"Liang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit83\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1038\/nchem.931","volume":"3","author":"Cheng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Chem."},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit84\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10238","DOI":"10.1021\/ja048461y","volume":"126","author":"Ingler Jr.","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit85\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5508","DOI":"10.1021\/ja300319g","volume":"134","author":"Lin","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit86\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1021\/cm903135j","volume":"22","author":"Kleiman-Shwarsctein","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit87\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2012.05.013","volume":"1","author":"Shen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit88\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14498","DOI":"10.1039\/c3ta13453a","volume":"1","author":"Shen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit89\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9867","DOI":"10.1039\/c3nr03245k","volume":"5","author":"Shen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit90\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1021\/cm001202x","volume":"13","author":"Vayssieres","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit91\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2119","DOI":"10.1021\/nl200708y","volume":"11","author":"Ling","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit92\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2004","DOI":"10.1002\/cctc.201902131","volume":"12","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"ChemCatChem"},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit93\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35727","DOI":"10.1039\/C9RA07318C","volume":"9","author":"Lawniczak-Jablonska","year":"2019","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit94\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2018.09.001","volume":"53","author":"Nie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit95\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205202","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.87.205202","volume":"87","author":"Kweon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys."},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit96\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16870","DOI":"10.1021\/jp304254k","volume":"116","author":"Braun","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit97\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1021\/jp908875t","volume":"114","author":"Braun","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit98\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117764","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2019.117764","volume":"255","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Catal., B"},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit99\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13483","DOI":"10.1039\/c3cp52527a","volume":"15","author":"Kronawitter","year":"2013","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit100\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1039\/C2CP42597A","volume":"15","author":"Gajda-Schrantz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit101\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.solmat.2020.110469","volume":"209","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells"},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit102\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5390","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.2c06497","volume":"11","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng."},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit103\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1900349","DOI":"10.1002\/solr.201900349","volume":"4","author":"Fu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sol. RRL"},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit104\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6443","DOI":"10.1021\/acsaem.3c00263","volume":"6","author":"Yadav","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Energy Mater."},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit105\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2023.215362","volume":"494","author":"Tan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Coord. Chem. Rev."},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit106\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2984","DOI":"10.1039\/c3ee40453f","volume":"6","author":"Hu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit107\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02837","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202502837","volume":"15","author":"Hansora","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Energy Mater."},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit108\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2024.09.239","volume":"88","author":"Anusha","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrogen Energy"},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit109\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116792","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2026.116792","volume":"232","author":"Moelich","year":"2026","journal-title":"Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev."},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit110\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1039\/D5RA07342A","volume":"16","author":"Magazov","year":"2026","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"D5NR05168A\/cit111\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7795","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.0c00126","volume":"142","author":"Yao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."}],"container-title":["Nanoscale"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/NR\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1039\/D5NR05168A\/0\/D5NR05168A.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T09:04:45Z","timestamp":1784192685000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/NR\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1039\/D5NR05168A"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":111,"journal-issue":{"issue":"27","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/d5nr05168a","relation":{},"ISSN":["2040-3364","2040-3372"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2040-3364","type":"print"},{"value":"2040-3372","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}