{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T02:40:52Z","timestamp":1792550452151,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":127,"publisher":"Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)","issue":"41","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758585600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":265,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002241","name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GAN JPMJFR213D"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GAN JPMJFR213D"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002241","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GAN JP25K01581"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GAN JP25K01581"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007684","name":"Asahi Glass Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007684","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004823","name":"Nagoya University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004823","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["rsc.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chem. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Through a techno-economic analysis of light-driven CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    reduction, along consideration of CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    capture and product separation, we assess how far this technology is from practical application and propose where the promising opportunities may lie.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1039\/d5sc03976b","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T06:40:57Z","timestamp":1758609657000},"page":"18990-19011","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/rsc_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Artificial photosynthetic processes using carbon dioxide, water and sunlight: can they power a sustainable future?"],"prefix":"10.1039","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8980-4915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qian","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9886-8489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chanon","family":"Pornrungroj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"},{"name":"Photocatalysts for Clean Environment and Energy Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"},{"name":"Bio-Circular-Green-economy Technology & Engineering Center (BCGeTEC), Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"292","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"reference":[{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit1\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12350","volume":"500","author":"Reichstein","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit2\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5898","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-33049-7","volume":"13","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit3\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1983","DOI":"10.1039\/c3ee40831k","volume":"6","author":"Pinaud","year":"2013","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit4\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2825","DOI":"10.1039\/C5EE01434D","volume":"8","author":"Fabian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit5\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2354","DOI":"10.1039\/C5EE02573G","volume":"9","author":"Shaner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit6\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.201601360","volume":"10","author":"Nakanishi","year":"2017","journal-title":"ChemSusChem"},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit7\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9327","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.1c02126","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit8\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6446","DOI":"10.1021\/cr1002326","volume":"110","author":"Walter","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit9\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1704649","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201704649","volume":"30","author":"Ran","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit10\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5201","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.7b00286","volume":"118","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit11\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1038\/s41560-020-0678-6","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Energy"},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit12\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2984","DOI":"10.1039\/c3ee40453f","volume":"6","author":"Hu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit13\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.1039\/c3ee24317f","volume":"6","author":"Arai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit14\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15729","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0603395103","volume":"103","author":"Lewis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit15\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2177","DOI":"10.1039\/C6EE00383D","volume":"9","author":"Chang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit16\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10090","DOI":"10.1007\/s12274-022-4705-8","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nano Res."},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit17\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joule.2018.01.014","volume":"2","author":"Greenblatt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Joule"},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit18\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.device.2024.100505","volume":"2","author":"Cobb","year":"2024","journal-title":"Device"},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit19\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20863","DOI":"10.1021\/ja207586e","volume":"133","author":"Iizuka","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit20\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8779","DOI":"10.1002\/slct.202001693","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"ChemistrySelect"},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit21\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1038\/s41560-019-0450-y","volume":"4","author":"Birdja","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Energy"},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit22\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7485","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.6b02089","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Catal."},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit23\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11313","DOI":"10.1039\/C5TA01697E","volume":"3","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit24\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5734","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.0c00478","volume":"10","author":"Albero","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Catal."},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit25\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7610","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.8b00705","volume":"119","author":"Nitopi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit26\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.5b02202","volume":"6","author":"Mistry","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Catal."},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit27\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1038\/s41929-019-0235-5","volume":"2","author":"Gao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Catal."},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit28\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6088","DOI":"10.1039\/D5CS00040H","volume":"54","author":"Lu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit29\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2200586","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202200586","volume":"12","author":"Pan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Energy Mater."},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit30\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2008008","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202008008","volume":"31","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit31\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2001848","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202001848","volume":"32","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit32\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3215","DOI":"10.1039\/D2CS00698G","volume":"52","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit33\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2005484","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202005484","volume":"33","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit34\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4714","DOI":"10.1039\/D3EE00964E","volume":"16","author":"Chang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit35\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1038\/s41929-020-00512-x","volume":"3","author":"Wagner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Catal."},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit36\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2752","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.8b00392","volume":"119","author":"Dalle","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit37\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8510","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201102010","volume":"50","author":"Cokoja","year":"2011","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit38\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1983","DOI":"10.1021\/ar9001679","volume":"42","author":"Morris","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit39\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-8545(95)01226-5","volume":"153","author":"Leitner","year":"1996","journal-title":"Coord. Chem. Rev."},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit40\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.2533\/chimia.2015.435","volume":"69","author":"Windle","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chimia"},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit41\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4242","DOI":"10.1039\/C7SC00940B","volume":"8","author":"Kumagai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Sci."},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit42\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1002\/ente.201600610","volume":"5","author":"Schlager","year":"2017","journal-title":"Energy Technol."},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit43\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101748","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcou.2021.101748","volume":"53","author":"Singh","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. CO2 Util."},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit44\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1080\/21655979.2017.1325040","volume":"9","author":"Rehm","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioengineered"},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit45\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.201100835","volume":"5","author":"Lapinsonni\u00e8re","year":"2012","journal-title":"ChemSusChem"},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit46\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1596","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1217643","volume":"335","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit47\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad3317","volume":"351","author":"Sakimoto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit48\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-018-0251-7","volume":"13","author":"Kornienko","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit49\/1","volume-title":"CO2 Emissions in 2023","author":"International Energy Agency (IEA)","unstructured":"International Energy Agency (IEA) ,  CO2 Emissions in 2023 ,  https:\/\/www.iea.org\/reports\/co2-emissions-in-2023 , accessed May 2025"},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit50\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joule.2023.05.022","volume":"7","author":"Kar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Joule"},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit51\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijggc.2015.05.018","volume":"40","author":"Rubin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Greenhouse Gas Control"},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit52\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9804","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.6b00816","volume":"117","author":"\u00c1lvarez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit53\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.03.086","volume":"224","author":"Fasihi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cleaner Prod."},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit54\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1038\/s41560-025-01714-y","volume":"10","author":"Kar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Energy"},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit55\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03907-3","volume":"598","author":"Nishiyama","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit56\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-025-02153-6","volume":"24","author":"Phong Duong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit57\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1038\/s41929-017-0005-1","volume":"1","author":"Haas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Catal."},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit58\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5223","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-25573-9","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit59\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joule.2021.01.002","volume":"5","author":"Kato","year":"2021","journal-title":"Joule"},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit60\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3623","DOI":"10.1039\/D4EE05780E","volume":"18","author":"Andrei","year":"2025","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit61\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.6b12164","volume":"139","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit62\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1002\/ente.201700619","volume":"6","author":"Yao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Energy Technol."},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit63\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13709","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.3c01892","volume":"145","author":"Pornrungroj","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit64\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2366","DOI":"10.1039\/C9SE00246D","volume":"3","author":"Ahmet","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sustainable Energy Fuels"},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit65\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11674","DOI":"10.1039\/C7CC06637F","volume":"53","author":"Higashi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit66\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50818","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.4c11103","volume":"16","author":"Nelson","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit67\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joule.2021.01.001","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Joule"},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit68\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1039\/B800489G","volume":"38","author":"Kudo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit69\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.6b02907","volume":"29","author":"Qureshi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit70\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1021\/acsenergylett.6b00665","volume":"2","author":"Osterloh","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Energy Lett."},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit71\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8711","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.6b12809","volume":"121","author":"Teramura","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit72\/1","author":"Global Market Insights","unstructured":"Global Market Insights ,  https:\/\/www.gminsights.com\/industry-analysis\/formic-acid-market , accessed May 2025"},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit73\/1","author":"Market Research Future","unstructured":"Market Research Future ,  https:\/\/www.marketresearchfuture.com\/reports\/formic-acid-market-1132 , accessed May 2025"},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit74\/1","author":"Fortune Business Insights","unstructured":"Fortune Business Insights ,  https:\/\/www.fortunebusinessinsights.com\/carbon-monoxide-market-105343 , accessed May 2025"},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit75\/1","author":"Grand View Research","unstructured":"Grand View Research ,  https:\/\/www.grandviewresearch.com\/industry-analysis\/syngas-market-report , accessed May 2025"},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit76\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-08078-5","volume":"635","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit77\/1","author":"Market Research Future","unstructured":"Market Research Future ,  https:\/\/www.marketresearchfuture.com\/reports\/ethane-market-7372 , accessed May 2025"},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit78\/1","author":"Grand View Research","unstructured":"Grand View Research ,  https:\/\/www.grandviewresearch.com\/industry-analysis\/acetic-acid-market , accessed May 2025"},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit79\/1","author":"Fortune Business Insights","unstructured":"Fortune Business Insights ,  https:\/\/www.fortunebusinessinsights.com\/industry-reports\/methanol-market-101552 , accessed May 2025"},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit80\/1","author":"Fortune Business Insights","unstructured":"Fortune Business Insights ,  https:\/\/www.fortunebusinessinsights.com\/industry-reports\/ethanol-market-101567 , accessed May 2025"},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit81\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578-021-00407-8","volume":"7","author":"Rosenboom","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mater."},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit82\/1","author":"Market Research Future","unstructured":"Market Research Future ,  https:\/\/www.marketresearchfuture.com\/reports\/methane-market-7373 , accessed May 2025"},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit83\/1","author":"Fortune Business Insights","unstructured":"Fortune Business Insights ,  https:\/\/www.fortunebusinessinsights.com\/ethylene-market-104532 , accessed May 2025"},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit84\/1","author":"Market Research Future","unstructured":"Market Research Future ,  https:\/\/www.marketresearchfuture.com\/reports\/ethylene-market-931 , accessed May 2025"},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit85\/1","author":"Grand View Research","unstructured":"Grand View Research ,  https:\/\/www.grandviewresearch.com\/industry-analysis\/hydrogen-generation-market , accessed May 2025"},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit86\/1","author":"Market and Market","unstructured":"Market and Market ,  https:\/\/www.marketsandmarkets.com\/Market-Reports\/hydrogen-market-132975342.html , accessed May 2025"},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit87\/1","volume-title":"Global Hydrogen Review 2024","author":"International Energy Agency (IEA)","unstructured":"International Energy Agency (IEA) ,  Global Hydrogen Review 2024 ,  https:\/\/iea.blob.core.windows.net\/assets\/89c1e382-dc59-46ca-aa47-9f7d41531ab5\/GlobalHydrogenReview2024.pdf , accessed May 2025"},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit88\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1038\/s41929-019-0242-6","volume":"2","author":"Hisatomi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Catal."},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit89\/1","author":"The National Renewable Energy Laboratory Economic Feasibility for CO2 Utilization Data Visualization Tool","unstructured":"The National Renewable Energy Laboratory Economic Feasibility for CO2 Utilization Data Visualization Tool ,  https:\/\/www.nrel.gov\/bioenergy\/co2-utilization-economics\/electrochemical-conversion-pathway , accessed May 2025"},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit90\/1","author":"Market Research Future","unstructured":"Market Research Future ,  https:\/\/www.marketresearchfuture.com\/reports\/syngas-market-7487 , accessed May 2025"},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit91\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2021.114452","volume":"244","author":"Moreno-Gonzalez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Energy Convers. Manage."},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit92\/1","author":"Fortune Business Insights","unstructured":"Fortune Business Insights ,  https:\/\/www.fortunebusinessinsights.com\/syngas-market-109820 , accessed May 2025"},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit93\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202400059","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.202400059","volume":"17","author":"Detz","year":"2024","journal-title":"ChemSusChem"},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit94\/1","volume-title":"U.S. Ethane Production, Consumption, and Exports Set New Records in 2024","author":"The International Energy Agency (IEA)","unstructured":"The International Energy Agency (IEA) ,  U.S. Ethane Production, Consumption, and Exports Set New Records in 2024 ,  https:\/\/www.eia.gov\/todayinenergy\/detail.php?id=64785 , accessed May 2025"},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit95\/1","author":"Statista","unstructured":"Statista ,  https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/1170573\/price-ethylene-forecast-globally\/ , accessed May 2025"},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit96\/1","author":"Business Analytiq","unstructured":"Business Analytiq ,  https:\/\/businessanalytiq.com\/procurementanalytics\/index\/acetic-acid-price-index\/ , accessed May 2025"},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit97\/1","author":"Statista","unstructured":"Statista ,  https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/1245203\/acetic-acid-market-volume-worldwide\/ , accessed May 2025"},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit98\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.118334","volume":"241","author":"Nakyai","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cleaner Prod."},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit99\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.9b00201","volume":"120","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit100\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12058","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.energyfuels.4c00936","volume":"38","author":"Cattry","year":"2024","journal-title":"Energy Fuels"},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit101\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1720","DOI":"10.1021\/ef7005707","volume":"22","author":"Cao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Energy Fuels"},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit102\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat4589","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit103\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2100070","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202100070","volume":"11","author":"Kistler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Energy Mater."},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit104\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6990","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-51088-0","volume":"15","author":"Khan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit105\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3703","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-24042-7","volume":"12","author":"Su","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit106\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1039\/D4EY00253A","volume":"3","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"EES Catal."},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit107\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22718","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.iecr.9b03970","volume":"58","author":"Ramdin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit108\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ces.2004.10.030","volume":"60","author":"Van Baelen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit109\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-56111-6","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit110\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05183-1","volume":"610","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit111\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1038\/s41560-019-0456-5","volume":"4","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Energy"},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit112\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6029","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-33689-9","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit113\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1038\/s41929-021-00703-0","volume":"4","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Catal."},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit114\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3794","DOI":"10.1039\/D1CS00648G","volume":"51","author":"Samanta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit115\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2442-2","volume":"583","author":"Burger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit116\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174703","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0267969","volume":"162","author":"Chu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit117\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2024.159297","volume":"652","author":"Rittiruam","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit118\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joule.2024.08.006","volume":"8","author":"Ma Lu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Joule"},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit119\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2015.09.015","volume":"53","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev."},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit120\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1021\/nl060644q","volume":"6","author":"Zhai","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit121\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1038\/s44221-023-00103-7","volume":"1","author":"Song","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Water"},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit122\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-58405-9","volume":"10","author":"Logan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit123\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04978-6","volume":"608","author":"Andrei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit124\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893-023-01089-6","volume":"6","author":"Jin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Sustain."},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit125\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1038\/s41570-022-00359-9","volume":"6","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Chem."},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit126\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202401746","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202401746","volume":"63","author":"Anh Nguyen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"D5SC03976B\/cit127\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7023","DOI":"10.1039\/D5EE00689A","volume":"18","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."}],"container-title":["Chemical Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlepdf\/2025\/SC\/D5SC03976B","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlepdf\/2025\/SC\/D5SC03976B","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T20:29:03Z","timestamp":1782851343000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/sc\/article\/16\/41\/18990-19011\/910659"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":127,"journal-issue":{"issue":"41","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/d5sc03976b","relation":{},"ISSN":["2041-6520","2041-6539"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2041-6520","type":"print"},{"value":"2041-6539","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}}}