{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T13:07:22Z","timestamp":1784380042502,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777420800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":483,"URL":"http:\/\/rsc.li\/journals-terms-of-use"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["rsc.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Soft Matter"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presents evidence that RNA-lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) can be assembled using a slow thermodynamically controlled process. This process had a liquid \u201ccoacervate\u201d intermediate which divided to form LNPs with a diameter around 100 nm.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1039\/d5sm00023h","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T19:21:24Z","timestamp":1745868084000},"page":"4063-4068","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/rsc_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Formation of RNA lipid nanoparticles: an equilibrium process with a liquid intermediate stage"],"prefix":"10.1039","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Jessica","family":"Boutros","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical Engineering, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziyue","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical Engineering, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leah","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical Engineering, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9912-9036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert J.","family":"Falconer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical Engineering, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"292","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"reference":[{"key":"D5SM00023H\/cit1\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120586","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2021.120586","volume":"601","author":"Schoenmaker","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"D5SM00023H\/cit2\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e37","DOI":"10.1038\/mtna.2012.28","volume":"1","author":"Belliveau","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. Nucleic Acids"},{"key":"D5SM00023H\/cit3\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6948","DOI":"10.1021\/ja301621z","volume":"134","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"D5SM00023H\/cit4\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9483","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-13112-5","volume":"12","author":"Ripoll","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"D5SM00023H\/cit5\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2022.02.017","volume":"344","author":"Maeki","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Controlled Release"},{"key":"D5SM00023H\/cit6\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2009.208","volume":"18","author":"Abrams","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"D5SM00023H\/cit7\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9023","DOI":"10.1039\/C9NR02004G","volume":"11","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"D5SM00023H\/cit8\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5044","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.8b00341","volume":"3","author":"Kimura","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"D5SM00023H\/cit9\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(64)80115-7","volume":"8","author":"Bangham","year":"1964","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"D5SM00023H\/cit10\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/713817583","volume":"19","author":"Jenning","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Microencapsulation"},{"key":"D5SM00023H\/cit11\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2736(73)90408-2","volume":"298","author":"Batzri","year":"1973","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"D5SM00023H\/cit12\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/S0939-6411(02)00130-3","volume":"55","author":"Schubert","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm."},{"key":"D5SM00023H\/cit13\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5173(02)00081-9","volume":"239","author":"Hu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"D5SM00023H\/cit14\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5173(03)00135-2","volume":"257","author":"Trotta","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"D5SM00023H\/cit15\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4847","DOI":"10.1021\/ja01167a001","volume":"72","author":"Lamer","year":"1950","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"D5SM00023H\/cit16\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1093\/jpp\/rgae122","volume":"76","author":"Hussain","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"D5SM00023H\/cit17\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1700375","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.201700375","volume":"2","author":"Evers","year":"2018","journal-title":"Small Mets"},{"key":"D5SM00023H\/cit18\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2023.10.006","volume":"192","author":"Strelkova Petersen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm."},{"key":"D5SM00023H\/cit19\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119877","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ces.2024.119877","volume":"290","author":"Atallah","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"D5SM00023H\/cit20\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6939","DOI":"10.1039\/D4NR00278D","volume":"16","author":"Misra","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"D5SM00023H\/cit21\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-2010-6_7","volume":"2434","author":"Aydin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"D5SM00023H\/cit22\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4787","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.8b01516","volume":"12","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"D5SM00023H\/cit23\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10042","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.6b02499","volume":"32","author":"Aumiller","year":"2016","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"D5SM00023H\/cit24\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1038\/nchem.2414","volume":"8","author":"Aumiller","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Chem."},{"key":"D5SM00023H\/cit25\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2909","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-10792-y","volume":"10","author":"Ukmar-Godec","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"D5SM00023H\/cit26\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14150","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.2c03819","volume":"144","author":"Seal","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"D5SM00023H\/cit27\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1038\/s41557-023-01353-4","volume":"15","author":"Wadsworth","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Chem."},{"key":"D5SM00023H\/cit28\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.078875.121","volume":"27","author":"Poudyal","year":"2021","journal-title":"RNA"},{"key":"D5SM00023H\/cit29\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12161","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-48457-x","volume":"9","author":"Onuchic","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"D5SM00023H\/cit30\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.3c01063","volume":"25","author":"Cook","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"D5SM00023H\/cit31\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1039\/C1SM06470C","volume":"8","author":"Ristori","year":"2011","journal-title":"Soft Matter"},{"key":"D5SM00023H\/cit32\/1","first-page":"849","volume":"32","author":"de Jong","year":"1929","journal-title":"Proc. K Ned. Akad. Wet."},{"issue":"1","key":"D5SM00023H\/cit33\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.1030490404","volume":"49","author":"Overbeek","year":"1957","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"D5SM00023H\/cit34\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1039\/B911541B","volume":"6","author":"Spruijt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Soft Matter"},{"key":"D5SM00023H\/cit35\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10550","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.7b01968","volume":"33","author":"Kaptay","year":"2017","journal-title":"Langmuir"}],"container-title":["Soft Matter"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlepdf\/2025\/SM\/D5SM00023H","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T21:19:31Z","timestamp":1782940771000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/sm\/article\/21\/20\/4063-4068\/912462"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"20","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/d5sm00023h","relation":{},"ISSN":["1744-683X","1744-6848"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1744-683X","type":"print"},{"value":"1744-6848","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}}}