{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T02:24:57Z","timestamp":1792895097120,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":136,"publisher":"Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)","issue":"31","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,7,20]],"date-time":"2027-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1816041600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":565,"URL":"http:\/\/rsc.li\/journals-terms-of-use"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["rsc.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anal. Methods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>On-site analytical devices for detecting nerve-agent mimics and metabolites: from the environment to biofluids.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1039\/d6ay01179a","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T10:02:57Z","timestamp":1784541777000},"page":"6534-6558","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/rsc_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["In-field devices for detecting nerve-agent metabolites and mimics in biological and environmental matrices"],"prefix":"10.1039","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Shrodha","family":"Mondal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, 731235, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0515-2209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saurodeep","family":"Mandal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, 731235, India"},{"name":"Department of Education, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8493-7068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Prithidipa","family":"Sahoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, 731235, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"292","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"reference":[{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit1\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrestox.4c00397","volume":"38","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem. Res. Toxicol."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit2\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-483X(87)90213-7","volume":"46","author":"Gupta","year":"1987","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit3\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3569","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-024-05311-y","volume":"416","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit4\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(87)90244-4","volume":"87","author":"Gupta","year":"1987","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit5\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3810","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26133810","volume":"26","author":"Jeong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit6\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics10080439","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit7\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talo.2025.100593","volume":"12","author":"Cekovic","year":"2025","journal-title":"Talanta Open"},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit8\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.13.3.202","volume":"13","author":"Volans","year":"1996","journal-title":"Emerg. Med. J."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit9\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2023.464290","volume":"1707","author":"Otsuka","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit10\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s11419-022-00633-x","volume":"41","author":"Otsuka","year":"2023","journal-title":"Forensic Toxicol."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit11\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2018.09.042","volume":"1577","author":"Otsuka","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit12\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e414","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usz441","volume":"185","author":"Therkorn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mil. Med."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit13\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmsacl.2021.01.002","volume":"19","author":"John","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mass Spectrom. Adv. Clin. Lab."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit14\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9313","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26199313","volume":"26","author":"Meyer","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit15\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9021","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-94190-z","volume":"15","author":"Massey","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit16\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-025-03520-5","volume":"22","author":"Massey","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit17\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics11100866","volume":"11","author":"Aroniadou-Anderjaska","year":"2023","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit18\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-0590(91)90085-I","volume":"16","author":"GUPTA","year":"1991","journal-title":"Fundam. Appl. Toxicol."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit19\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2018.08.016","volume":"410","author":"Matson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit20\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2012.12.054","volume":"234","author":"Reid","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit21\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1080\/00984100050195161","volume":"61","author":"Jones","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Environ. Health. A"},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit22\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(92)90284-Y","volume":"112","author":"McLean","year":"1992","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit23\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7032","DOI":"10.1021\/bi982678l","volume":"38","author":"Millard","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit24\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12199","DOI":"10.1021\/jp307790v","volume":"116","author":"Sirin","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. B"},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit25\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2006.02.070","volume":"1085","author":"Pittel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit26\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2017.11.002","volume":"65","author":"Pittel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit27\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(87)90079-7","volume":"36","author":"Aas","year":"1987","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit28\/1","first-page":"401","volume":"7","author":"Chen","year":"1986","unstructured":"S. M.Chen ,  M. G.Chi ,  Z.Yao L. X.Bao ,  1986 ,  7 ,  401406"},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit29\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfx266","volume":"162","author":"Costa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit30\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012088523-7\/50049-1","volume-title":"Toxicology of Organophosphate & Carbamate Compounds","author":"Lockridge","year":"2006","unstructured":"O.Lockridge  and  L. M.Schopfer , in  Toxicology of Organophosphate & Carbamate Compounds ,  Elsevier ,  2006 ,  pp. 703\u2013711"},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit31\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1007\/s10565-013-9259-9","volume":"29","author":"Marrs","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Biol. Toxicol."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit32\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-6147(97)89540-5","volume":"18","author":"Solberg","year":"1997","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit33\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.3605","volume":"38","author":"Vanova","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Appl. Toxicol."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit34\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(92)90868-8","volume":"139","author":"Lallement","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit35\/1","first-page":"655","volume":"12","author":"Lallement","year":"1991","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit36\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.1999.8733","volume":"159","author":"Rocha","year":"1999","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit37\/1","first-page":"871","volume":"20","author":"Chebabo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit38\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17226\/9644","volume-title":"Review of the U.S. Army's Health Risk Assessments for Oral Exposure to Six Chemical-Warfare Agents","author":"Bakshi","year":"1999","unstructured":"K. S.Bakshi ,  S. N. J.Pang  and  R.Snyder ,  Review of the U.S. Army's Health Risk Assessments for Oral Exposure to Six Chemical-Warfare Agents ,  National Academies Press ,  Washington, D.C ,  1999 ,  10.17226\/9644"},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit39\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13115","volume":"1378","author":"Pearson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit40\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106735","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2025.106735","volume":"180","author":"Lorke","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit41\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1987.tb02912.x","volume":"49","author":"V Wade","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit42\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.20209","volume":"77","author":"Munirathinam","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit43\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3908(92)90068-Z","volume":"31","author":"Sparenborg","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit44\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA232451","volume-title":"Lessons Learned: The Iran\u2013Iraq War","author":"Pelletiere","year":"1991","unstructured":"S. C.Pelletiere  and  D. V.Johnson ,  Lessons Learned: The Iran\u2013Iraq War ,  Carlisle Barracks, Pa: Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College ,  1991"},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit45\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2018.08.011","volume":"408","author":"Naughton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit46\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2009.07.006","volume":"240","author":"Zaja-Milatovic","year":"2009","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit47\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.99107933","volume":"107","author":"Munro","year":"1999","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit48\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1021\/ar970154s","volume":"32","author":"Yang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit49\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1039\/b615227a","volume":"36","author":"Eubanks","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit50\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2005.10.008","volume":"366","author":"Costa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit51\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.329.7476.1231","volume":"329","author":"Buckley","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit52\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA398241","volume-title":"Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare","author":"Sidell","year":"1997","unstructured":"F. R.Sidell ,  Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare ,  Borden Institute, Walter Reed Army Medical Center ,  1997 , ISBN 978-9997320919"},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit53\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6389","DOI":"10.1039\/D2RA05383G","volume":"13","author":"Long","year":"2023","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit54\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38038","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.3c03759","volume":"8","author":"Puglisi","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit55\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134080","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2023.134080","volume":"392","author":"Kumar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, B"},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit56\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202400098","DOI":"10.1002\/cplu.202400098","volume":"89","author":"Puglisi","year":"2024","journal-title":"ChemPlusChem"},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit57\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1080\/19475411.2024.2385350","volume":"15","author":"Dubey","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Smart Nano Mater."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit58\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2025.137150","volume":"487","author":"Xie","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit59\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/s40543-022-00344-3","volume":"13","author":"Maduraiveeran","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Anal. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit60\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202200284","DOI":"10.1002\/asia.202200284","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem.\u2013Asian J."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit61\/1","first-page":"407","volume":"17","author":"Barnaby","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ambio"},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit62\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(96)70052-5","volume":"28","author":"Okumura","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit63\/1","volume-title":"Underground: The Tokyo Gas Attack and the Japanese Psyche","author":"Murakami","year":"2001","unstructured":"H.Murakami ,  A.Birnbaum ,  P.Gabriel  and  J. P.Gabriel ,  Underground: The Tokyo Gas Attack and the Japanese Psyche ,  Vintage International ,  New York ,  2001 , ISBN: 0375725806"},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit64\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.7b00816","volume":"3","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit65\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2021.130278","volume":"344","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, B"},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit66\/1","first-page":"379","author":"Gori","year":"2021","journal-title":"Top. Curr. Chem."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit67\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5345","DOI":"10.1021\/cr100193y","volume":"111","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit68\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1905785","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201905785","volume":"32","author":"Fan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit69\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6512","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.1c00655","volume":"4","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Bio Mater."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit70\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1039\/D3AY02306K","volume":"16","author":"Mahato","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anal. Methods"},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit71\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1039\/C7AN01058C","volume":"143","author":"Dey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit72\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2024.125411","volume":"409","author":"Ahamed","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Mol. Liq."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit73\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109977","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2024.109977","volume":"199","author":"Maiti","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microchem. J."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit74\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117790","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2026.117790","volume":"224","author":"Kaviya","year":"2026","journal-title":"Microchem. J."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit75\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.4c01739","volume":"10","author":"Yoo","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit76\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2025.140703","volume":"501","author":"Kim","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit77\/1","author":"Wikipedia","unstructured":"Wikipedia ,  Screen-printed electrodes ,  https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Screen-printed_electrodes , accessed 17 January 2026"},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit78\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6389","DOI":"10.1039\/D2RA05383G","volume":"13","author":"Long","year":"2023","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit79\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7299","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-016-9604-y","volume":"408","author":"Talarico","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit80\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-005-0002-0","volume":"383","author":"Suprun","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit81\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2022.108281","volume":"185","author":"Negahdary","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microchem. J."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit82\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2017.07.004","volume":"252","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, B"},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit83\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioelechem.2022.108305","volume":"149","author":"Theansun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bioelectrochemistry"},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit84\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2025.139335","volume":"451","author":"Umrao","year":"2026","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, B"},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit85\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2896","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.3c08349","volume":"9","author":"Wahyuni","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit86\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3439","DOI":"10.1039\/C9AY00852G","volume":"11","author":"Hua","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anal. Methods"},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit87\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.3390\/bios10070076","volume":"10","author":"Y\u00e1\u00f1ez-Sede\u00f1o","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biosensors"},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit88\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2016.10.091","volume":"93","author":"Cinti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit89\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6542","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.4c02000","volume":"9","author":"Sharifi","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit90\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115724","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.115724","volume":"227","author":"Rajagopalan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit91\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2025.146769","volume":"496","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit92\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1679948","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1679948","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit93\/1","first-page":"555663","volume":"5","author":"Jitendra","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Trends Biomed. Eng. Biosci."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit94\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2025.117471","volume":"282","author":"Gullo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit95\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8221","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.6b03869","volume":"138","author":"Ishihara","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit96\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.3390\/chemosensors11090503","volume":"11","author":"Santonocito","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chemosensors"},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit97\/1","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nerve gas detector built from Legos ,  2018 ,  https:\/\/phys.org\/news\/2018-06-nerve-gas-detector-built-legos.html , accessed 17 January 2026"},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit98\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113172","volume":"182","author":"Goud","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit99\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2018.07.001","volume":"273","author":"Mishra","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, B"},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit100\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5991","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.0c01883","volume":"142","author":"Mishra","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit101\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.7b00603","volume":"2","author":"Sempionatto","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit102\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9729","DOI":"10.1039\/C5CC02991K","volume":"51","author":"Mahapatra","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit103\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dyepig.2019.107585","volume":"170","author":"Ali","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dyes Pigm."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit104\/1","first-page":"1","volume":"8","author":"Sarkar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit105\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16968","DOI":"10.1039\/C9NJ03327K","volume":"43","author":"Ghosh","year":"2019","journal-title":"New J. Chem."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit106\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1021\/acscentsci.8b00193","volume":"4","author":"Sun","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Cent. Sci."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit107\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkz118","volume":"44","author":"Rubin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Anal. Toxicol."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit108\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20140076","DOI":"10.1098\/rspa.2014.0076","volume":"470","author":"Gravett","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. A"},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit109\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6523","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.6b01274","volume":"88","author":"Appel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit110\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5731","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25235731","volume":"25","author":"Tuccitto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit111\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6048","DOI":"10.1039\/c1cc11517k","volume":"47","author":"Delalande","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit112\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8182","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.0c01593","volume":"3","author":"Tuccitto","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Nano Mater."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit113\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125785","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2024.125785","volume":"272","author":"Saya","year":"2024","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit114\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2016.10.049","volume":"324","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit115\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28020520","volume":"28","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit116\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2025.137150","volume":"487","author":"Xie","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit117\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1366\/0003702053946100","volume":"59","author":"Farquharson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Appl. Spectrosc."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit118\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2026.139507","volume":"453","author":"\u00d6berg","year":"2026","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, B"},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit119\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e414","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usz441","volume":"185","author":"Therkorn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mil. Med."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit120\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkaa197","volume":"46","author":"Indapurkar","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Anal. Toxicol."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit121\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110818","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2021.110818","volume":"323","author":"John","year":"2021","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit122\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmsacl.2021.01.002","volume":"19","author":"John","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mass Spectrom. Adv. Clin. Lab."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit123\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2023.123619","volume":"1217","author":"Nguyen","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B:Anal. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit124\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2024.124195","volume":"1243","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B"},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit125\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3414","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14193414","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit126\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1080\/03601234.2019.1607134","volume":"54","author":"Nakamura","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci. Health, Part B"},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit127\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1584\/jpestics.D23-060","volume":"49","author":"Banno","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Pestic. Sci."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit128\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1038\/s44328-025-00062-x","volume":"2","author":"Hirano","year":"2025","journal-title":"npj Biosens"},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit129\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3607","DOI":"10.3390\/s18113607","volume":"18","author":"Primiceri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit130\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkaf061","volume":"49","author":"Truver","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Anal. Toxicol."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit131\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11050634","volume":"11","author":"D'Anna","year":"2023","journal-title":"Healthcare"},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit132\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics10050269","volume":"10","author":"Fukushima","year":"2022","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit133\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2210","DOI":"10.1039\/c3lc50169h","volume":"13","author":"Yetisen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit134\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05058","volume":"442","author":"Whitesides","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit135\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578-022-00460-x","volume":"7","author":"Ates","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mater."},{"key":"D6AY01179A\/cit136\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22821","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.5c04269","volume":"8","author":"Ahmadipour","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Nano Mater."}],"container-title":["Analytical Methods"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/AY\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1039\/D6AY01179A\/0\/D6AY01179A.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T15:17:36Z","timestamp":1786634256000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/AY\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1039\/D6AY01179A"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":136,"journal-issue":{"issue":"31","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/d6ay01179a","relation":{},"ISSN":["1759-9660","1759-9679"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1759-9660","type":"print"},{"value":"1759-9679","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}