{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T14:14:34Z","timestamp":1788272074961,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)","issue":"68","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,7,31]],"date-time":"2027-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1816992000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":576,"URL":"http:\/\/rsc.li\/journals-terms-of-use"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020950","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["113-2628 M-A49-009-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["113-2628 M-A49-009-MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020950","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["rsc.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chem. Commun."],"abstract":"<jats:p>This review dissects the hidden structural barriers to VFA's commercialization and charts a realistic path toward practical deployment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1039\/d6cc03685f","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T02:03:23Z","timestamp":1785463403000},"page":"16897-16917","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/rsc_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Beyond lateral flow: vertical flow immunoassays as thermodynamically assisted rapid diagnostics"],"prefix":"10.1039","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0232-1012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shunmuga Nathan Shunmuga","family":"Nainar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2092-3805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yen-Yi","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8699-9641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hong-Cheu","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9007-3910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang-Hsiang","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan"},{"name":"Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"292","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"reference":[{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit1\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(17)30120-0","volume":"5","author":"Brendish","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. Med."},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit2\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30454-9","volume":"8","author":"Brendish","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. Med."},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit3\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4255","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.1c02025","volume":"6","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit4\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaaz7445","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aaz7445","volume":"6","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit5\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4593","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.7b00611","volume":"2","author":"Shen","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit6\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9968","DOI":"10.1039\/D3CC02586A","volume":"59","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit7\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1039\/C5LC01388G","volume":"16","author":"Choi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit8\/1","volume-title":"Lateral Flow Assays Market Trends for 2026","author":"Shivani Zoting","unstructured":"A. S.Shivani Zoting .  Lateral Flow Assays Market Trends for 2026 . 2026.  https:\/\/www.towardshealthcare.com\/insights\/lateral-flow-assays-market-sizing  (accessed 2026 26 May)"},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit9\/1","first-page":"15238","volume":"96","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit10\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4801","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.5c06734","volume":"98","author":"Luo","year":"2026","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit11\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2022.114441","volume":"213","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit12\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201609108","volume":"56","author":"Du","year":"2017","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit13\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13038","DOI":"10.1111\/jfs.13038","volume":"43","author":"Jawla","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Food Saf."},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit14\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2022.123330","volume":"243","author":"Sohrabi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit15\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2022.114525","volume":"214","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit16\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3593","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.0c10035","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit17\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117798","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2024.117798","volume":"177","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2024","journal-title":"TrAC, Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit18\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2015.05.050","volume":"73","author":"Quesada-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit19\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2019.04.016","volume":"116","author":"Mahmoudi","year":"2019","journal-title":"TrAC, Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit20\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1039\/c2lc41016h","volume":"13","author":"Oh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit21\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3317","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.5c00668","volume":"10","author":"Jeon","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit22\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2025.06.016","volume":"44","author":"Sheu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol."},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit23\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1900244","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201900244","volume":"8","author":"Jiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Healthcare Mater."},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit24\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2017.02.150","volume":"246","author":"Park","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, B"},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit25\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-020-0274-y","volume":"3","author":"Ballard","year":"2020","journal-title":"npj Digit. Med."},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit26\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9337","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.0c05278","volume":"93","author":"Devadhasan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit27\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00341","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00341-25","volume":"13","author":"Summers","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectrum"},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit28\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2002801","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202002801","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit29\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6667","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.4c02257","volume":"9","author":"Ying","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit30\/1","author":"Inc","unstructured":"M.Inc .  https:\/\/www.cytodiagnostics.com\/pages\/vertical-flow-assay  (accessed 2026 27 May)"},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit31\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2016.09.090","volume":"219","author":"Naik","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit32\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-237X.137931","volume":"5","author":"Animireddy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Contemp. Clin. Dent."},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit33\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1038\/s41378-020-0168-9","volume":"6","author":"Zhan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microsyst. Nanoeng."},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit34\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3165","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-58527-6","volume":"16","author":"Han","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit35\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15587","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.0c03740","volume":"92","author":"Ross","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit36\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmeasuresciau.5c00191","author":"Silva","year":"2026","journal-title":"ACS Meas. Sci. Au"},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit37\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2003.07.011","volume":"322","author":"Qian","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit38\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3788","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-020-0357-x","volume":"15","author":"Parolo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit39\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.9b04747","volume":"92","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit40\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9841","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b00204","volume":"11","author":"You","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit41\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2134","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.7b04411","volume":"90","author":"Fang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit42\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1039\/D4SD00206G","volume":"3","author":"Lu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sens. Diagn."},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit43\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27167","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c06564","volume":"18","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit44\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1007\/s10404-016-1771-9","volume":"20","author":"Berli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microfluid. Nanofluid."},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit45\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2488","DOI":"10.3390\/s19112488","volume":"19","author":"Lichtenberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit46\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116053","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2024.116053","volume":"250","author":"Karrat","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit47\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128756","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2020.128756","volume":"324","author":"Sathishkumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, B"},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit48\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1093\/jalm\/jfaf132","volume":"10","author":"Almashad","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Appl. Lab. Med."},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit49\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.3390\/bios12020063","volume":"12","author":"Kaur","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biosensors"},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit50\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1039\/b508224b","volume":"5","author":"Sigurdson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit51\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRev.17.273","volume":"17","author":"Washburn","year":"1921","journal-title":"Phys. Rev."},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit52\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2020.121739","volume":"223","author":"Frimpong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit53\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3496","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.4c01052","volume":"9","author":"Ebbah","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit54\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(91)90331-9","volume":"145","author":"Karlsson","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit55\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1388","volume":"26","author":"Squires","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit56\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.T500035-MCP200","volume":"5","author":"Kusnezow","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Proteomics"},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit57\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2003.12.019","volume":"326","author":"Qian","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit58\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2020.112559","volume":"168","author":"Sena-Torralba","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit59\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4406","DOI":"10.1039\/C4LC00972J","volume":"14","author":"Rivas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit60\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2718","DOI":"10.1039\/C9LC00308H","volume":"19","author":"Kainz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit61\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8079561","DOI":"10.34133\/2019\/8079561","volume":"2019","author":"Eriksson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Research"},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit62\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1021\/nl050298x","volume":"5","author":"Sheehan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit63\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1021\/ja02242a004","volume":"40","author":"Langmuir","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit64\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(85)90276-5","volume":"85","author":"Nygren","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit65\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8095","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.1c00044","volume":"121","author":"Frutiger","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit66\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1955","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/37.11.1955","volume":"37","author":"Ekins","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit67\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3189","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.24034","volume":"8","author":"Oh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit68\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1039\/C9LC00011A","volume":"19","author":"Joung","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit69\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2009.06.003","volume":"347","author":"Hoofnagle","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit70\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(92)90104-2","volume":"151","author":"Amarasiri Fernando","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit71\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000053730.47739.3C","volume":"107","author":"Ridker","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit72\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0603-669","volume":"9","author":"Ferrara","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit73\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a016295","volume":"6","author":"Tanaka","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harbor Perspect. Biol."},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit74\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2411585","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202411585","volume":"21","author":"Han","year":"2025","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit75\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114796","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2022.114796","volume":"219","author":"Devadhasan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit76\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.3390\/bios12090756","volume":"12","author":"Lei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biosensors"},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit77\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2025.118352","volume":"296","author":"Devadhasan","year":"2026","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit78\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.3390\/bios13090857","volume":"13","author":"Kropaneva","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biosensors"},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit79\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1038\/s41378-023-00554-8","volume":"9","author":"Boumar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microsyst. Nanoeng."},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit80\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1891","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.1c00235","volume":"6","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit81\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1039\/D2LC00073C","volume":"22","author":"Jia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit82\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2018.10.008","volume":"126","author":"Bhardwaj","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit83\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.6b04710","volume":"89","author":"Clarke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit84\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usaa473","volume":"186","author":"\u00dcnal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mil. Med."},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit85\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1039\/C8LC01255E","volume":"19","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit86\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112721","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2020.112721","volume":"171","author":"Shen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit87\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113690","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2024.113690","volume":"530","author":"Yong","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit88\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5893","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.2c00079","volume":"94","author":"Yakoh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit89\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2203","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.5c05980","volume":"98","author":"Huang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit90\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2024.116602","volume":"263","author":"Lai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit91\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2019.127239","volume":"306","author":"Jiao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, B"},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit92\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1038\/s41378-022-00385-z","volume":"8","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microsyst. Nanoeng."},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit93\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4077","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c00449","volume":"17","author":"Su","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit94\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.3390\/bios15100694","volume":"15","author":"Pallar\u00e8s-Rusi\u00f1ol","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biosensors"},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit95\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343837","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2025.343837","volume":"1348","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit96\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13033","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201606268","volume":"55","author":"Ding","year":"2016","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit97\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2024.110008","volume":"199","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microchem. J."},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit98\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.3390\/bios13100915","volume":"13","author":"Choi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biosensors"},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit99\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2019.127462","volume":"305","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, B"},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit100\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133070","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2021.133070","volume":"430","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit101\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5820","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.3c00378","volume":"95","author":"Aryal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit102\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1038\/s41378-018-0044-z","volume":"5","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microsyst. Nanoeng."},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit103\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24936","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.5c03749","volume":"97","author":"Kalligosfyri","year":"2025","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit104\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134029","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2023.134029","volume":"390","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, B"},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit105\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1039\/D0AN02351E","volume":"146","author":"Serhan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit106\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2300617","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202300617","volume":"19","author":"Goncharov","year":"2023","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit107\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27933","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c05153","volume":"18","author":"Han","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit108\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1038\/s41377-026-02275-9","volume":"15","author":"Han","year":"2026","journal-title":"Light: Sci. Appl."},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit109\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16819","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c02434","volume":"18","author":"Eryilmaz","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit110\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.5c01902","volume":"11","author":"Tang","year":"2026","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit111\/1","first-page":"441","volume-title":"Quality Assurance. In The Immunoassay Handbook","author":"Sturgeon","year":"2013","unstructured":"C. M.Sturgeon ,  Quality Assurance. In The Immunoassay Handbook , ed.  D. Wild ,  Elsevier , 4th edn,  2013 , ch. 6,  pp. 441\u2013454"},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit112\/1","unstructured":"PRESS RELEASE \u2013 SpinChip Diagnostics to be Acquired by bioM\u00e9rieux.  https:\/\/spinchip.no\/2025\/01\/13\/press-release-13-01-2025\/ (accessed 2026 27 May)"},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit113\/1","unstructured":"Lateral Flow Assay Technical Note. Merck ,  https:\/\/www.merckmillipore.com\/BA\/en\/services\/ivd-development-manufacturing\/lateral-flow-services  (accessed 2026 27 May)"},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit114\/1","unstructured":"Cytiva- Rapid Test Components.  https:\/\/www.cytivalifesciences.com\/en\/us\/solutions\/diagnostics\/immunoassay-rapid-test-components  (accessed 2026 27 May)"},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit115\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05064","volume":"442","author":"Yager","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit116\/1","unstructured":"Nitrocellulose membrane selection.  https:\/\/www.cytivalifesciences.com\/en\/us\/insights\/membrane-selection  (accessed 2026 27 May)"},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit117\/1","author":"Manufacturing","unstructured":"Regulatory Standards and Guidelines for  L. F. A.Manufacturing .  https:\/\/hiyka.com\/lateral-flow\/quality-control-and-regulatory-considerations\/ (accessed 2026 27 May)"},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit118\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114977","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2022.114977","volume":"222","author":"Tay","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"D6CC03685F\/cit119\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2022.113410","volume":"513","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"}],"container-title":["Chemical Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/CC\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1039\/D6CC03685F\/0\/D6CC03685F.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T13:23:22Z","timestamp":1788269002000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/CC\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1039\/D6CC03685F"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":119,"journal-issue":{"issue":"68","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/d6cc03685f","relation":{},"ISSN":["1359-7345","1364-548X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1359-7345","type":"print"},{"value":"1364-548X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}