{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T15:26:21Z","timestamp":1787757981097,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)","issue":"33","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":215,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003245","name":"Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003245","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["rsc.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Four scenarios are presented as potential mechanisms for the formation of lead soap protrusions in historic oil paintings, based on reviews of literature and documented paint cross-sections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1039\/d6cp01023g","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T11:03:21Z","timestamp":1785841401000},"page":"19967-19986","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/rsc_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Lead soap protrusions in oil paintings: a perspective on nucleation pathways"],"prefix":"10.1039","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Lucy","family":"Clift","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Conservation & Restoration, Amsterdam School of Heritage, Memory and Material Culture, University of Amsterdam, Turfdraagsterpad 15-17, Amsterdam 1012XT, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maartje","family":"Stols-Witlox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Conservation & Restoration, Amsterdam School of Heritage, Memory and Material Culture, University of Amsterdam, Turfdraagsterpad 15-17, Amsterdam 1012XT, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrien","family":"Keune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Van\u2019t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098XH, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Conservation & Science, Rijksmuseum, Hobbemastraat 22, Amsterdam 1071ZC, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9446-9904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joen","family":"Hermans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Conservation & Restoration, Amsterdam School of Heritage, Memory and Material Culture, University of Amsterdam, Turfdraagsterpad 15-17, Amsterdam 1012XT, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Van\u2019t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098XH, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Conservation & Science, Rijksmuseum, Hobbemastraat 22, Amsterdam 1071ZC, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"292","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"reference":[{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit1\/1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Metal Soaps in Art","author":"Noble","year":"2019","unstructured":"P.Noble , in  Metal Soaps in Art , ed.  F. Casadio ,  K. Keune ,  P. Noble ,  A. van Loon ,  E. Hendriks ,  S. Centeno  and  G. Osmond ,  Springer ,  2019 , vol. 1, 1,  pp. 1\u201322"},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit2\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.64655\/AM.1.ppm1963","volume":"1","author":"Noble","year":"2002","journal-title":"ArtMatters"},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit3\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1186\/s40494-020-00451-7","volume":"8","author":"Ortiz Miranda","year":"2020","journal-title":"npj Heritage Sci."},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit4\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1179\/sic.2005.50.2.143","volume":"50","author":"Erhardt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Stud. Conserv."},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit5\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8263","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.macromol.4c01164","volume":"57","author":"DePolo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit6\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1912","DOI":"10.1021\/acsapm.0c01441","volume":"3","author":"Pizzimenti","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Polym. Mater."},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit7\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8464","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.4c16430","volume":"17","author":"Georgiou","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit8\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18320","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-75040-6","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit9\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3103","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.1c04182","volume":"94","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit10\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93363","DOI":"10.1039\/C6RA18267D","volume":"6","author":"Hermans","year":"2016","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit11\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2657","DOI":"10.1039\/D3CP02993J","volume":"26","author":"Laporte","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit12\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1002\/cphc.201900858","volume":"21","author":"Di Tullio","year":"2020","journal-title":"ChemPhysChem"},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit13\/1","first-page":"47","volume-title":"Metal Soaps in Art","author":"Hermans","year":"2019","unstructured":"J. J.Hermans ,  K.Keune ,  A.van Loon  and  P. D.Iedema , in  Metal Soaps in Art , ed.  F. Casadio ,  K. Keune ,  P. Noble ,  A. van Loon ,  E. Hendriks ,  S. Centeno  and  G. Osmond ,  Springer ,  2019 , vol. 1, 3,  pp. 47\u201367"},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit14\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.porgcoat.2015.12.010","volume":"93","author":"De Viguerie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog. Org. Coat."},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit15\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1080\/00393630.2016.1232529","volume":"62","author":"Cotte","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stud. Conserv."},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit16\/1","volume-title":"13th triennial meeting Rio de Janeiro","author":"Boon","year":"2002","unstructured":"J.Boon ,  J.van de Weerd  and  K.Keune , in  13th triennial meeting Rio de Janeiro , ed.  R. Vontobel ,  ICOM ,  2002 , pp. 401\u2013406"},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit17\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1179\/sic.2007.52.3.161","volume":"52","author":"Keune","year":"2007","journal-title":"Stud. Conserv."},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit18\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11656","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-11525-1","volume":"7","author":"Chen-Wiegart","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit19\/1","volume":"1","author":"Noble","year":"2005","unstructured":"P.Noble ,  A.van Loon  and  J. J.Boon , in  Preprints ICOM Committee for Conservation 14th Triennial Meeting , ed.  I. Verger ,  James and James ,  2005 ,  vol. 1 , pp. 496\u2013503"},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit20\/1","first-page":"24","volume-title":"AIC Paintings Specialty Group Postprints","author":"Townsend","year":"2007","unstructured":"J.Townsend ,  R.Jones  and  K.Stonor ,  AIC Paintings Specialty Group Postprints ,  2007 , vol. 19,  pp. 24\u201331"},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit21\/1","author":"Jones","unstructured":"R.Jones  and  J.Townsend ,  Portrait of Anne Wortley, later Lady Morton c.1620, British School 17th Century ,  https:\/\/www.tate.org.uk\/about-us\/projects\/tudor-stuart-technical-research\/entries\/portrait-of-anne-wortley-later-lady-morton-c1620-british-school-17th-century  (accessed February 2026)"},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit22\/1","unstructured":"Trompe l\u2019Oeil with Christian V\u2018s equipment for Riding to Hounds , Database of preparation layers in 14th to 17th Century Italian and 17th Century Dutch Paintings from the collection of the National Gallery of Denmark (SMK),  https:\/\/research.ng-london.org.uk\/iperion-smk\/painting.php?id=141 . (accessed February 2026)"},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit23\/1","volume-title":"Counting Vermeer: Using Weave Maps to Study Vermeer\u2018s Canvases","author":"Noble","year":"2017","unstructured":"P.Noble  and  I.Verslype , in  Counting Vermeer: Using Weave Maps to Study Vermeer\u2018s Canvases , ed.  C. Johnson, Jr  and  W. Sethares ,  RKD Studies ,  2017 ,  p. 2.6"},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit24\/1","unstructured":"Ultra high resolution photo from the series Operation Night Watch,  https:\/\/www.rijksmuseum.nl\/en\/stories\/operation-night-watch\/story\/ultra-high-resolution-photo"},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit25\/1","volume-title":"AIC Paintings Working Group Meeting 2006, Postprints","volume":"1","author":"Keune","year":"2007","unstructured":"K.Keune ,  K.Kirsch  and  J. J.Boon , in  AIC Paintings Working Group Meeting 2006, Postprints , ed.  H. Mar Parkins ,  Thomson-Shore ,  Dexter ,  2007 ,  vol. 1 , pp. 145\u2013149"},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit26\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-10100-2_21","volume-title":"Issues in Contemporary Oil Paint","author":"Sawicka","year":"2014","unstructured":"A.Sawicka ,  A.Burnstock ,  F.Izzo ,  K.Keune ,  J.Boon ,  K.Kirsch  and  K.Van den Berg , in  Issues in Contemporary Oil Paint , ed.  K. Van den Berg ,  A. Burnstock ,  M. de Keijzer ,  J. Krueger ,  T. Learner ,  A. Tagle  and  G. Heydenreich ,  Springer ,  2014 , vol. 1,  pp. 311\u2013332"},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit27\/1","first-page":"12","volume":"67","author":"Centeno","year":"2009","journal-title":"MMA Bull."},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit28\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.culher.2025.06.007","volume":"74","author":"Tarilonte","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Cult. Herit."},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit30\/1","first-page":"107","volume-title":"Metal Soaps in Art","author":"Keune","year":"2019","unstructured":"K.Keune ,  R. P.Kramer ,  S.Stangier  and  M.van Eikema Hommes , in  Metal Soaps in Art , ed.  F. Casadio ,  K. Keune ,  P. Noble ,  A. van Loon ,  E. Hendriks ,  S. Centeno  and  G. Osmond ,  Springer ,  2019 ,  vol. 1 , 1,  pp. 107\u2013121"},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit31\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s40494-020-00388-x","volume":"8","author":"Baij","year":"2020","journal-title":"npj Heritage Sci."},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit32\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109874","DOI":"10.1016\/j.porgcoat.2025.109874","volume":"212","author":"van Lith","year":"2026","journal-title":"Prog. Org. Coat."},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit33\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eadj9394","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adj9394","volume":"9","author":"Broers","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit34\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202216478","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202216478","volume":"62","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit35\/1","author":"Br\u00e5then","year":"2024","unstructured":"I.Br\u00e5then , MSc thesis,  Universitetet I Oslo ,  2024"},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit36\/1","unstructured":"Trompe l\u2019Oeil with Breakfast Piece and Goblets , Database of preparation layers in 14th to 17th Century Italian and 17th Century Dutch Paintings from the collection of the National Gallery of Denmark (SMK),  https:\/\/research.ng-london.org.uk\/iperion-smk\/painting.php?id=143  (accessed February 2026)"},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit37\/1","first-page":"93","volume-title":"Ground Layers in European Paintings 1550\u20131750","author":"Speleers","year":"2020","unstructured":"L.Speleers ,  M.van Eikema Hommes ,  I.Joosten ,  S.De Groot  and  A.van Loon , in  Ground Layers in European Paintings 1550\u20131750 , ed.  A. Christensen ,  A. Jager  and  J. Townsend ,  Archetype Publications ,  2020 ,  pp. 93\u2013106"},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit38\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117844","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2019.117844","volume":"228","author":"Platania","year":"2020","journal-title":"Spectrochim. Acta, Part A"},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit39\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2014.09.072","volume":"136(B)","author":"Pi\u0119ta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Spectrochim. Acta, Part A"},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit40\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1163\/18750176-90000218","volume":"128","author":"Stols-Witlox","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oud Holl."},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit41\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-020-03016-6","volume":"413","author":"Possenti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit43\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104842","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2020.104842","volume":"156","author":"Garrappa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microchem. J."},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit44\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7473","DOI":"10.1002\/ange.201712751","volume":"130","author":"Baij","year":"2018","journal-title":"Angew. Chem."},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit45\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1007\/s00339-007-4213-4","volume":"89","author":"Cotte","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. A: Mater. Sci. Process."},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit46\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1002\/open.202100166","volume":"10","author":"Izzo","year":"2021","journal-title":"ChemistryOpen"},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit47\/1","first-page":"444","volume":"11","author":"Boon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Microsc. Microanal."},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit48\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02720147","volume":"8","author":"Lux\u00e1n","year":"1999","journal-title":"Surf. Coat. Int."},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit49\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-9440(00)00126-0","volume":"39","author":"Mall\u00e9gol","year":"2000","journal-title":"Prog. Org. Coat."},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit50\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1179\/sic.2005.50.1.3","volume":"50","author":"van der Weerd","year":"2005","journal-title":"Stud. Conserv."},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit51\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-008-2126-5","volume":"392","author":"Mazzeo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit52\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13203","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.7b02949","volume":"89","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit53\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/S0141-3910(99)00020-8","volume":"65","author":"Lazzari","year":"1999","journal-title":"Polym. Degrad. Stab."},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit54\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-58908-2_2","volume-title":"Synthesis and Photosynthesis","author":"Matsumoto","year":"1995","unstructured":"A.Matsumoto , in  Synthesis and Photosynthesis ,  Springer ,  Berlin ,  1995 , vol. 123, 2,  pp. 41\u201380"},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit55\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5515","DOI":"10.1039\/C4PY01677G","volume":"6","author":"Di Lorenzo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Polym. Chem."},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit56\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1007\/s11746-999-0114-3","volume":"76","author":"Mall\u00e9gol","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc."},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit57\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1007\/s11746-000-0042-4","volume":"77","author":"Mall\u00e9gol","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"3","key":"D6CP01023G\/cit58\/1","first-page":"173","volume":"16","author":"Fj\u00e4llstr\u00f6","year":"2002","journal-title":"ICP"},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit60\/1","volume-title":"AIC paintings specialty group postprints: papers pres. at the 34th annual meeting of the AIC of Historic & Artistic Works providence, Rhode Island","author":"Noble","year":"2006","unstructured":"P.Noble  and  J. J.Boon , in AIC paintings specialty group postprints: papers pres. at the 34th annual meeting of the AIC of Historic & Artistic Works providence, Rhode Island , ed.  H. Mar Parkin ,  2006 , pp. 1\u201315"},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit62\/1","volume-title":"A perfect ground: preparatory layers for oil paintings, 1500-1900","author":"Stols-Witlox","year":"2017","unstructured":"M.Stols-Witlox ,  A perfect ground: preparatory layers for oil paintings, 1500-1900 ,  Archetype Publications ,  London ,  2017"},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit63\/1","volume-title":"De la peinture \u00e0 l\u2019huile","author":"M\u00e9rim\u00e9e","year":"1830","unstructured":"J. P. L.M\u00e9rim\u00e9e ,  De la peinture \u00e0 l\u2019huile ,  Huzard ,  1830"},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit64\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2006.03.007","volume":"70","author":"Cotte","year":"2006","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit65\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1186\/s40494-024-01309-y","volume":"12","author":"Kirkpatrick","year":"2024","journal-title":"npj Heritage Sci."},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit66\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2022.11.089","volume":"633","author":"Laporte","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit67\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2358","DOI":"10.1021\/ma011775a","volume":"35","author":"Tierney","year":"2002","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit68\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3962","DOI":"10.1021\/ma202273j","volume":"45","author":"Tudryn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit69\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8097","DOI":"10.1021\/ma301308n","volume":"45","author":"Hall","year":"2012","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit70\/1","first-page":"403","volume-title":"Conservation of Modern Oil Paintings","author":"Andersen","year":"2020","unstructured":"C.Andersen ,  A.Freeman ,  M.Mortensen ,  V.Beltran ,  M.\u0141ukomski  and  A.Phenix , in  Conservation of Modern Oil Paintings , ed.  K. van den Berg ,  I. Bonaduce ,  A. Burnstock ,  B. Ormsby ,  M. Scharff ,  L. Carlyle ,  G. Heydenreich  and  K. Keune .  Springer ,  2020 , vol. 1, 32,  pp. 403\u2013418"},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit71\/1","first-page":"72","volume-title":"AIC Paintings Speciality Group Postprints","author":"Phenix","year":"2009","unstructured":"A.Phenix ,  AIC Paintings Speciality Group Postprints ,  2009 , vol. 22,  pp. 72\u201389"},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit72\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1038\/s41529-024-00472-8","volume":"8","author":"Gnemmi","year":"2024","journal-title":"npj Mater. Degrad."},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit73\/1","volume-title":"New insights into the cleaning of paintings: proceedings from the cleaning 2010 Internation Conference","author":"Mecklenburg","year":"2012","unstructured":"M.Mecklenburg ,  C.Tumosa  and  E.Vicenzi , in  New insights into the cleaning of paintings: proceedings from the cleaning 2010 Internation Conference , ed.  M. Mecklenburg ,  E. Charola  and  R. Koestler ,  Smithsonian Institution ,  2012 , pp. 59\u201367"},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit74\/1","volume-title":"ICOM Committee for Conservation 12th Triennial Meeting","author":"Schilling","year":"1999","unstructured":"M.Schilling ,  D.Carson  and  H.Khanjian , in  ICOM Committee for Conservation 12th Triennial Meeting ,  1999"},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit75\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1021\/ac971692l","volume":"69","author":"Ordonez","year":"1997","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit76\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22589","DOI":"10.1039\/D1CP03479K","volume":"23","author":"Hermans","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit77\/1","first-page":"440","volume-title":"Conservation of Easel Paintings","author":"Hackney","year":"2021","unstructured":"S.Hackney ,  J.Reifsnyder ,  M.Te Marvelde  and  M.Scharff , in  Conservation of Easel Paintings , ed.  J. Stoner  and  R. Rushfield ,  Routledge ,  2021 , vol. 25,  pp. 440\u2013477"},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit78\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2340","DOI":"10.1039\/C4DT03075C","volume":"44","author":"Catalano","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dalton Trans."},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit79\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17009","DOI":"10.1039\/C7CP02351K","volume":"19","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Casado","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit80\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3117","DOI":"10.1039\/FT9938903117","volume":"89","author":"Feio","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans."},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit81\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9489","DOI":"10.1039\/C4TC01645A","volume":"2","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Casado","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. C"},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit82\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3171","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-5387(03)00461-3","volume":"22","author":"Plater","year":"2003","journal-title":"Polyhedron"},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit83\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5764","DOI":"10.1039\/D4DT03267E","volume":"54","author":"Barannikov","year":"2025","journal-title":"Dalton Trans."},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit84\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10896","DOI":"10.1039\/C6CP00487C","volume":"18","author":"Hermans","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit85\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1038\/s40494-025-01986-3","volume":"13","author":"Fazlic","year":"2025","journal-title":"npj Heritage Sci."},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit86\/1","first-page":"227","volume-title":"Metal Soaps in Art","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Casado","year":"2019","unstructured":"F.Mart\u00ednez-Casado ,  J.Rodr\u00edguez-Cheda ,  M.Ramos-Riesco ,  M.Redondo-Y\u00e9lamos ,  F.Cucinotta  and  A.Fern\u00e1ndez-Mart\u00ednez , in  Metal Soaps in Art , ed.  F. Casadio ,  K. Keune ,  P. Noble ,  A. van Loon ,  E. Hendriks ,  S. Centeno  and  G. Osmond ,  Springer ,  2019 , vol. 1, 13,  pp. 227\u2013239"},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit87\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.6b00075","volume":"1","author":"MacDonald","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit88\/1","first-page":"75","volume":"24","author":"Higgit","year":"2003","journal-title":"Natl. Gallery Tech. Bull."},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit89\/1","first-page":"140","volume-title":"Ground Layers in European Paintings 1550-1750","author":"Townsend","year":"2020","unstructured":"J.Townsend  and  R.Jones , in  Ground Layers in European Paintings 1550-1750 , ed.  A. Christensen ,  A. Jager  and  J. Townsend ,  Archetype Publications ,  2020 ,  pp. 140\u2013146"},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit90\/1","volume-title":"A Lady of the Grenville Family and her Son 1640 by Gilbert Jackson","author":"Jones","unstructured":"R.Jones  and  J.Townsend ,  A Lady of the Grenville Family and her Son 1640 by Gilbert Jackson .  https:\/\/www.tate.org.uk\/about-us\/projects\/tudor-stuart-technical-research\/entries\/a-lady-of-the-grenville-family-and-her-son-1640-by-gilbert-jackson  (accessed February 2026)"},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit91\/1","first-page":"211","volume-title":"Metal Soaps in Art","author":"Thoury","year":"2019","unstructured":"M.Thoury ,  A.van Loon ,  K.Keune ,  J.Hermans ,  M.R\u00e9fr\u00e9giers  and  B.Berrie , in  Metal Soaps in Art , ed.  F. Casadio ,  K. Keune ,  P. Noble ,  A. van Loon ,  E. Hendriks ,  S. Centeno  and  G. Osmond ,  Springer ,  2019 , vol. 1, 12,  pp. 211\u2013225"},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit92\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1017\/S1431927610094444","volume":"17","author":"Keune","year":"2011","journal-title":"Microsc. Microanal."},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit93\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.culher.2018.12.004","volume":"38","author":"\u0160varcov\u00e1","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cult. Herit."},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit94\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12531","DOI":"10.1039\/C9DT02040C","volume":"48","author":"Ko\u010d\u00ed","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dalton Trans."},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit95\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122962","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2023.122962","volume":"301","author":"Vagnini","year":"2023","journal-title":"Spectrochim. Acta, Part A"},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit96\/1","volume-title":"In Review","author":"Bridarolli","year":"2026","unstructured":"A.Bridarolli ,  N.Fujisawa ,  J.Halili ,  J.Duivenvoorden ,  K.Keune ,  S.Kislevitz ,  C.Lewis ,  S.Murphy ,  H.Khanijan  and  M.\u0141ukomski ,  Nanoindentation Study of the Mechanical Properties of Lead Soaps Protrusions in Oil Paints ,  In Review ,  2026"},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit97\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1179\/sic.2003.48.2.111","volume":"48","author":"Sutherland","year":"2003","journal-title":"Stud. Conserv."},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit98\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2015.07.015","volume":"124","author":"Bayliss","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microchem. J."},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit99\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-10100-2_16","volume-title":"Issues in Contemporary Oil Paint","author":"Boon","year":"2014","unstructured":"J. J.Boon  and  F.Hoogland , in  Issues in Contemporary Oil Paint , ed.  K. van den Berg ,  A. Burnstock ,  M. de Keijzer ,  J. Krueger ,  T. Learner ,  A. Tagle  and  G. Heydenreich ,  Springer ,  2014 , vol. 1,  pp. 227\u2013246"},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit100\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-10100-2_17","volume-title":"Issues in Contemporary Oil Paint","author":"Bronken","year":"2014","unstructured":"I.Bronken  and  J. J.Boon , in  Issues in Contemporary Oil Paint , ed.  K. van den Berg ,  A. Burnstock ,  M. de Keijzer ,  J. Krueger ,  T. Learner ,  A. Tagle  and  G. Heydenreich ,  Springer ,  2014 , vol. 1,  pp. 247\u2013262"},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit101\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1080\/00393630.2019.1666467","volume":"65","author":"Romano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stud. Conserv."},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit102\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eadt0897","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adt0897","volume":"11","author":"Laporte","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit103\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.culher.2015.12.008","volume":"19","author":"Hendrickx","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Cult. Herit."},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit104\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2017.09.050","volume":"160","author":"Lehtinen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Colloids Surf., B"},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit105\/1","first-page":"8373","volume":"35","author":"Penttila","year":"2019","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit106\/1","first-page":"19269","volume":"127","author":"Duivenvoorden","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem."},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit107\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.porgcoat.2015.05.017","volume":"86","author":"Morch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prog. Org. Coat."},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit108\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.porgcoat.2022.107223","volume":"173","author":"Morsch","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prog. Org. Coat."},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit109\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140936","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2026.140936","volume":"723","author":"Tyagi","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit110\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1021\/jf072071o","volume":"56","author":"Chaiyasit","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit111\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22872","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules201219887","volume":"20","author":"Lewinska","year":"2015","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"D6CP01023G\/cit112\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.200301610","volume":"27","author":"van den Berg","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Sep. Sci."}],"container-title":["Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/CP\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1039\/D6CP01023G\/0\/D6CP01023G.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T14:58:35Z","timestamp":1787756315000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/CP\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1039\/D6CP01023G"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":108,"journal-issue":{"issue":"33","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/d6cp01023g","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1039\/D6CP01023G\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1039\/D6CP01023G\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1039\/D6CP01023G\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1039\/D6CP01023G\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1039\/D6CP01023G\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1463-9076","1463-9084"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1463-9076","type":"print"},{"value":"1463-9084","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}