{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T17:08:36Z","timestamp":1789060116294,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":139,"publisher":"Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)","issue":"34","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,8,7]],"date-time":"2027-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1817596800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":583,"URL":"http:\/\/rsc.li\/journals-terms-of-use"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020950","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["114-2221-E-007-050-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["114-2221-E-007-050-MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020950","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020950","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["114-2221-E-007-070-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["114-2221-E-007-070-MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020950","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010002","name":"Ministry of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["rsc.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nanoscale"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This review highlights triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) as scalable self-powered sensing platforms, bridging materials engineering, scalable manufacturing, exercise technologies, and AI-enabled human\u2013machine interfaces.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1039\/d6nr00626d","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T13:59:10Z","timestamp":1786111150000},"page":"18223-18248","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/rsc_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Human-centric triboelectric nanogenerators for self-powered sensing, exercise technologies, and intelligent interfaces"],"prefix":"10.1039","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2897-7054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sz-Nian","family":"Lai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2 Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsun-Yen","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2 Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Hsiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2 Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9244-6621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jyh Ming","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2 Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan"},{"name":"High Entropy Materials Center, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2 Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Semiconductor Research, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2 Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"292","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"reference":[{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit1\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2016.02.048","volume":"22","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit2\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8702","DOI":"10.1021\/nn5039806","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit3\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2012.01.004","volume":"1","author":"Fan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit4\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10378","DOI":"10.1021\/nn304374m","volume":"6","author":"Yang","year":"2012","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit5\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2015.11.014","volume":"19","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit6\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2023.137506","volume":"413","author":"Zovko","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Cleaner Prod."},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit7\/1","first-page":"9639195","volume":"2022","author":"Khan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Secur. Commun. Networks"},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit8\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.20517\/ss.2025.53","volume":"5","author":"Lin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Soft Sci."},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit9\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1007\/s12083-018-0708-3","volume":"13","author":"Kang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Peer Peer Netw. Appl."},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit10\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpdc.2017.05.006","volume":"118","author":"Yong","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Parallel Distrib. Comput."},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit11\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105043","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2023.105043","volume":"173","author":"Johannessen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Inform."},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit12\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2000117","DOI":"10.1002\/aisy.202000117","volume":"2","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Intell. Syst."},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit13\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1002\/flm2.10","volume":"1","author":"Kwak","year":"2024","journal-title":"FlexMat"},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit14\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6094","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201302397","volume":"25","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit15\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2015.02.009","volume":"14","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit16\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4726","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201001169","volume":"22","author":"Cha","year":"2010","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit17\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13882","DOI":"10.1039\/C3RA47435F","volume":"4","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit18\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2166","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201403828","volume":"25","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit19\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1021\/jp510259j","volume":"119","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit20\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25184","DOI":"10.1039\/c3ra45027a","volume":"3","author":"Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit21\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1603544","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201603544","volume":"29","author":"Khan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit22\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1500124","DOI":"10.1002\/aelm.201500124","volume":"1","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Electron. Mater."},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit23\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nantod.2016.07.004","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nano Today"},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit24\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmt.2017.06.001","volume":"9","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Mater. Today"},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit25\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20240032","DOI":"10.1360\/nso\/20240032","volume":"4","author":"Feng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Natl. Sci. Open"},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit26\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"062003","DOI":"10.1088\/2631-7990\/ad65cc","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Extreme Manuf."},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit27\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1705840","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201705840","volume":"30","author":"Jin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit28\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13750","DOI":"10.1039\/D4TA07496C","volume":"13","author":"Parashar","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit29\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2025.111497","volume":"146","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit30\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2024.110158","volume":"131","author":"Lai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit31\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109787","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2024.109787","volume":"127","author":"Faruk","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit32\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2021.106330","volume":"89","author":"Luo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit33\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e07124","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202507124","volume":"35","author":"Jia","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit34\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2024.109554","volume":"125","author":"Lai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit35\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02658","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.202502658","author":"Dang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. Technol."},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit36\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109085","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2023.109085","volume":"119","author":"Bo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit37\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2409756","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202409756","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit38\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122871","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2024.122871","volume":"314","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit39\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e19594","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202519594","volume":"36","author":"Rani","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit40\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70002","DOI":"10.1002\/inf2.70002","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"InfoMat"},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit41\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1515\/ehs-2018-0001","volume":"4","author":"Kleyman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Energy Harvesting Syst."},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit42\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2014.10.034","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit43\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1039\/C4FD00159A","volume":"176","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Faraday Discuss."},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit44\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-40039-6_2","volume-title":"Triboelectric Nanogenerators","author":"Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Z. L.Wang ,  L.Lin ,  J.Chen ,  S.Niu  and  Y.Zi , in  Triboelectric Nanogenerators ,  Springer International Publishing ,  Cham ,  2016 , pp.  23\u201347"},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit45\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2016.02.048","volume":"22","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit46\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmt.2017.06.001","volume":"9","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Mater. Today"},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit47\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2016.12.032","volume":"32","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit48\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2019.03.067","volume":"60","author":"Lai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit49\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4960","DOI":"10.1021\/nl302560k","volume":"12","author":"Zhu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit50\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6339","DOI":"10.1021\/nl303573d","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit51\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2226","DOI":"10.1021\/nl400738p","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit52\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2282","DOI":"10.1021\/nl4008985","volume":"13","author":"Zhu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit53\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6594","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201302453","volume":"25","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit54\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7342","DOI":"10.1021\/nn403021m","volume":"7","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit55\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3332","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201303799","volume":"24","author":"Niu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit56\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2818","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201305303","volume":"26","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit57\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4686","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-25046-z","volume":"12","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit58\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2416944","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202416944","volume":"35","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit59\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2022.107236","volume":"98","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit60\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3149","DOI":"10.1039\/D1MH00919B","volume":"8","author":"Chakraborty","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mater. Horiz."},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit61\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2276","DOI":"10.3390\/nano11092276","volume":"11","author":"Sahoo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit62\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5144","DOI":"10.1039\/D3EE02808A","volume":"16","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit63\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8734","DOI":"10.1039\/D4EE02447H","volume":"17","author":"Gao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit64\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6213","DOI":"10.1007\/s12274-022-4321-7","volume":"15","author":"Zheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nano Res."},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit65\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2274","DOI":"10.1039\/D3EE00539A","volume":"16","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit66\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12493","DOI":"10.1002\/eom2.12493","volume":"6","author":"Yin","year":"2024","journal-title":"EcoMat"},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit67\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4522","DOI":"10.1039\/D4NA00340C","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nanoscale Adv."},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit68\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-45611-6","volume":"15","author":"Shao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit69\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6019","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-33766-z","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit70\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108923","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2023.108923","volume":"117","author":"Fang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit71\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2021.106369","volume":"89","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit72\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4230","DOI":"10.1039\/D0TA11596G","volume":"9","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit73\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109773","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2024.109773","volume":"127","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit74\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2022.107279","volume":"98","author":"Feng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit75\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3819","DOI":"10.1039\/D4EE00895B","volume":"17","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit76\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107916","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2022.107916","volume":"104","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit77\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2023.108300","volume":"109","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit78\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16547","DOI":"10.1039\/D2TA03683E","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit79\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2420369","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202420369","volume":"35","author":"He","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit80\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166062","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.166062","volume":"520","author":"Lee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit81\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2023.108378","volume":"111","author":"Khan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit82\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mattod.2025.02.010","volume":"85","author":"Cho","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mater. Today"},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit83\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53974","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.3c13323","volume":"15","author":"Chiappone","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit84\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106534","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2021.106534","volume":"90","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit85\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3668","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.9b00821","volume":"120","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit86\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2021.106247","volume":"88","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit87\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3340","DOI":"10.1039\/D3TA06291K","volume":"12","author":"Lai","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit88\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56454","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.5c12398","volume":"17","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit89\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110993","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2025.110993","volume":"140","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit90\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2023.108266","volume":"109","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit91\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6004","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-49660-9","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit92\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4893","DOI":"10.1039\/D5EE00376H","author":"Guo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit93\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21357","DOI":"10.1039\/D1TA05694H","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit94\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2021.106645","volume":"90","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit95\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1039\/D3TA05954E","volume":"12","author":"Zheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit96\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eadu1598","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adu1598","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit97\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12008","DOI":"10.1002\/bmm2.12008","volume":"1","author":"Zheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMEMat"},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit98\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egyr.2025.06.041","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Energy Rep."},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit99\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902499","DOI":"10.3389\/fmats.2022.902499","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Mater."},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit100\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12520","DOI":"10.1002\/inf2.12520","volume":"6","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"InfoMat"},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit101\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jechem.2022.12.024","volume":"79","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Energy Chem."},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit102\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820-025-01778-1","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nano-Micro Lett."},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit103\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1746","DOI":"10.1007\/s42765-024-00443-3","volume":"6","author":"Mensah","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Fiber Mater."},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit104\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2024.109554","volume":"125","author":"Lai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit105\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2023.108473","volume":"112","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit106\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2313458","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202313458","volume":"34","author":"Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit107\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2016.12.032","volume":"32","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit108\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e07124","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202507124","volume":"35","author":"Jia","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit109\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1502566","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.201502566","volume":"6","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Energy Mater."},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit110\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5147","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13166-6","volume":"10","author":"Luo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit111\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2024.110158","volume":"131","author":"Lai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit112\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2401282","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.202401282","volume":"10","author":"Issabek","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. Technol."},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit113\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2100120","DOI":"10.1002\/aisy.202100120","volume":"5","author":"Lin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Intell. Syst."},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit114\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10008","DOI":"10.1007\/s12274-024-6903-3","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nano Res."},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit115\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2022.107845","volume":"104","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit116\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eadq5778","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adq5778","volume":"10","author":"Jiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit117\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2105076","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202105076","volume":"9","author":"Han","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit118\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrp.2024.101888","volume":"5","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Rep. Phys. Sci."},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit119\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2022.107525","volume":"100","author":"Ye","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit120\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2024.115332","volume":"238","author":"Meribout","year":"2024","journal-title":"Measurement"},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit121\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1007\/s42114-025-01304-2","volume":"8","author":"Mathew","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Compos. Hybrid Mater."},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit122\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115449","volume":"237","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit123\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2021.110164","volume":"211","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mater. Des."},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit124\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtphys.2024.101496","volume":"46","author":"Noor","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mater. Today Phys."},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit125\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mattod.2024.08.013","volume":"80","author":"Duan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mater. Today"},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit126\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6001","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-61166-6","volume":"16","author":"Sun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit127\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2025.110661","volume":"135","author":"Callaty","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit128\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-55771-0","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit129\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2024.110257","volume":"131","author":"Jiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit130\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3950","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.7b00396","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit131\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2021.106001","volume":"85","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit132\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaaz8693","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aaz8693","volume":"6","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit133\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2021.106330","volume":"89","author":"Luo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit134\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2021.106154","volume":"86","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit135\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2024.110623","volume":"135","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit136\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2204694","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202204694","volume":"10","author":"Dai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit137\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1007\/s12213-025-00182-7","volume":"21","author":"Demircan","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Micro Bio Rob."},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit138\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.array.2025.100451","volume":"27","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Array"},{"key":"D6NR00626D\/cit139\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102974","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrp.2025.102974","volume":"6","author":"Zeng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Rep. Phys. Sci."}],"container-title":["Nanoscale"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/NR\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1039\/D6NR00626D\/0\/D6NR00626D.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T16:34:11Z","timestamp":1789058051000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/NR\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1039\/D6NR00626D"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":139,"journal-issue":{"issue":"34","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/d6nr00626d","relation":{},"ISSN":["2040-3364","2040-3372"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2040-3364","type":"print"},{"value":"2040-3372","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}