{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T10:16:50Z","timestamp":1783592210581,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":156,"publisher":"Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)","issue":"26","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,5,12]],"date-time":"2027-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1810080000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":496,"URL":"http:\/\/rsc.li\/journals-terms-of-use"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018625","name":"Science and Technology Innovation Plan Of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23DZ1202602"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23DZ1202602"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018625","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["rsc.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nanoscale"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    MXenes for CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    electroreduction: preparation\n                    <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic>\n                    fluoride and fluoride-free etching, surface functionalization and doping strategies, and enhanced C\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    + product formation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1039\/d6nr01012a","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T10:02:40Z","timestamp":1778580160000},"page":"13643-13677","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/rsc_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Recent progress in two-dimensional MXenes for the electrocatalytic reduction of CO\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    : a review"],"prefix":"10.1039","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Di","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Energy Source and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of, Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying-hui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Energy Source and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of, Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Energy Source and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of, Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5646-5099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui-tang","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Energy Source and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of, Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, P. R. China"},{"name":"Shanghai Non-Carbon Energy Conversion and Utilization Institute, Shanghai 200090, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"292","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"reference":[{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit1\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3451","DOI":"10.1021\/jz1012627","volume":"1","author":"Whipple","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit2\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13115","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.energyfuels.2c02623","volume":"36","author":"Guti\u00e9rrez-S\u00e1nchez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Energy Fuels"},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit3\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1038\/s41561-022-00982-7","volume":"15","author":"Brown","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Geosci."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit4\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1038\/s41561-017-0054-8","volume":"11","author":"Goodwin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Geosci."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit5\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1814","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joule.2019.07.019","volume":"3","author":"Ross","year":"2019","journal-title":"Joule"},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit6\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12609","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.1c03792","volume":"11","author":"Gu","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Catal."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit7\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5734","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.iecr.2c00018","volume":"61","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit8\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2550","DOI":"10.1039\/C8EE00936H","volume":"11","author":"Calvinho","year":"2018","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit9\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1080\/10643389.2022.2101857","volume":"53","author":"Heo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit10\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2023.123585","volume":"344","author":"Sharif","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Catal., B"},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit11\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoms.2024.06.006","volume":"7","author":"Samia","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nano Mater. Sci."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit12\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2414674","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202414674","volume":"12","author":"He","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit13\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabf1581","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abf1581","volume":"372","author":"VahidMohammadi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit14\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4207","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201190147","volume":"23","author":"Naguib","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit15\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1039\/C8CS00324F","volume":"48","author":"Pang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit16\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10834","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.0c05482","volume":"14","author":"Lim","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit17\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6536","DOI":"10.1039\/D2NR05718B","volume":"15","author":"Tan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit18\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7648","DOI":"10.1039\/D5MH00905G","volume":"12","author":"Talas","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mater. Horiz."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit19\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13885","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202513885","volume":"22","author":"Huynh","year":"2026","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit20\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3552","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.6c00292","volume":"9","author":"Khanam","year":"2026","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Nano Mater."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit21\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1700194","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.201700194","volume":"4","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit22\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2111504","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202111504","volume":"32","author":"Tang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit23\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3423","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201504766","volume":"28","author":"Zhu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit24\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100074","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtadv.2020.100074","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater. Today Adv."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit25\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1039\/B804323J","volume":"38","author":"Benson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit26\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7870","DOI":"10.1039\/D4SC01931H","volume":"15","author":"Han","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Sci."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit27\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100071","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtadv.2020.100071","volume":"6","author":"Du","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater. Today Adv."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit28\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/S1872-2067(23)64543-7","volume":"53","author":"Shen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin. J. Catal."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit29\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202304179","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202304179","volume":"62","author":"Hao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit30\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159687","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2024.159687","volume":"655","author":"Lu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit31\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16576","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202104114","volume":"60","author":"An","year":"2021","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit32\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6305","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.inorgchem.4c00072","volume":"63","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit33\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2023.111802","volume":"12","author":"Gao","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit34\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11480","DOI":"10.1039\/D4NR01517G","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit35\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1038\/s41560-019-0450-y","volume":"4","author":"Birdja","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Energy"},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit36\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.1c03501","volume":"12","author":"Deng","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Catal."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit37\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1900","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.2c00080","volume":"55","author":"Marcandalli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit38\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.3390\/nano15090648","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit39\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4224","DOI":"10.1021\/acsenergylett.2c02292","volume":"7","author":"Pan","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Energy Lett."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit40\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5602","DOI":"10.1039\/D3SC01040F","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Sci."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit41\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5640","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-41396-2","volume":"14","author":"Qin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit42\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2204391","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202204391","volume":"13","author":"Su","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Energy Mater."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit43\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.2c04335","volume":"23","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit44\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2207650","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202207650","volume":"19","author":"Yan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit45\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2400928","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202400928","volume":"34","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit46\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202318874","DOI":"10.1002\/ange.202318874","volume":"136","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Angew. Chem."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit47\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202111670","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202111670","volume":"61","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit48\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpclett.2c03498","volume":"14","author":"Kash","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit49\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1038\/s41929-023-01003-5","volume":"6","author":"Fan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Catal."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit50\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abg6582","volume":"372","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit51\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2200454","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202200454","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit52\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6339","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.2c13384","volume":"145","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit53\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2897","DOI":"10.1039\/D3EE04147F","volume":"17","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit54\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2300186","DOI":"10.1002\/admi.202300186","volume":"10","author":"Yan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit55\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaay3111","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aay3111","volume":"6","author":"Fan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit56\/1","first-page":"100587","volume":"24","author":"Ali","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mater. Today Sustain."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit57\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1080\/21663831.2019.1644684","volume":"7","author":"Petruhins","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mater. Res. Lett."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit58\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trechm.2019.02.016","volume":"1","author":"Sokol","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Chem."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit59\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11473","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.2c00824","volume":"7","author":"Thadathil","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit60\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2020.09.001","volume":"582","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit61\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9026","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.6b03972","volume":"28","author":"Ling","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit62\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1903443","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201903443","volume":"29","author":"Yoon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit63\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2995","DOI":"10.1039\/D0NR08271F","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit64\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chempr.2018.08.037","volume":"5","author":"Peng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem"},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit65\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2012.11.122","volume":"228","author":"Xu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Power Sources"},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit66\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15604","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202515604","volume":"36","author":"Thangavelu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit67\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8491","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.9b06394","volume":"13","author":"Gogotsi","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit68\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1600305","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.201600305","volume":"4","author":"Dhanabalan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit69\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10450","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms10450","volume":"7","author":"Pei","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit70\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2103148","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202103148","volume":"33","author":"Wei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit71\/1","first-page":"601","author":"Lim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Synthesis"},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit72\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202401181","DOI":"10.1002\/asia.202401181","volume":"20","author":"Eswaran","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem. \u2013 Asian J."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit73\/1","first-page":"113085","volume":"541","author":"Otgonbayar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Catal."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit74\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1126\/science.add9204","volume":"379","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit75\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1039\/D5NR03760C","volume":"18","author":"Sowbakkiyavathi","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit76\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003306511-4","volume-title":"MXenes","author":"Naguib","year":"2023","unstructured":"M.Naguib ,  M.Kurtoglu ,  V.Presser ,  J.Lu ,  J.Niu ,  M.Heon ,  L.Hultman ,  Y.Gogotsi  and  M. W.Barsoum ,  MXenes ,  Jenny Stanford Publishing ,  2023 , pp.  15\u201329"},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit77\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2103393","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202103393","volume":"33","author":"Naguib","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit78\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1038\/s41699-023-00370-8","volume":"7","author":"Bj\u00f6rk","year":"2023","journal-title":"npj 2D Mater. Appl."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit79\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-024-00969-1","volume":"19","author":"Downes","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit80\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2411319","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202411319","volume":"21","author":"Yoon","year":"2025","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit81\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3988","DOI":"10.1557\/s43578-022-00680-5","volume":"37","author":"Wong","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Mater. Res."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit82\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1038\/s43246-025-01007-7","volume":"6","author":"Saleth","year":"2025","journal-title":"Commun. Mater."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit83\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chas.1c00051","volume":"28","author":"Shuck","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Health Saf."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit84\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6346","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.1c01263","volume":"33","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit85\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202200891","DOI":"10.1002\/celc.202200891","volume":"9","author":"Gentile","year":"2022","journal-title":"ChemElectroChem"},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit86\/1","first-page":"78","volume":"516","author":"Ghidiu","year":"2014","journal-title":"MXenes"},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit87\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20129","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c03181","volume":"12","author":"Yazdanparast","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit88\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2202709","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202202709","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Energy Mater."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit89\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2410736","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202410736","volume":"36","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit90\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2017.02.039","volume":"43","author":"Feng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ceram. Int."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit91\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chempr.2020.01.019","volume":"6","author":"Natu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem"},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit92\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2203767","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202203767","volume":"18","author":"Oh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit93\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.26599\/JAC.2023.9220795","volume":"12","author":"Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Adv. Ceram."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit94\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2022.07.176","volume":"628","author":"Unnikrishnan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit95\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12657","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.2c02110","volume":"38","author":"Chae","year":"2022","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit96\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2017.06.132","volume":"43","author":"Reka","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ceram. Int."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit97\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jechem.2020.05.046","volume":"54","author":"Men","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Energy Chem."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit98\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2203805","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202203805","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Energy Mater."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit99\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2461","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.1c09004","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit100\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5085","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-25306-y","volume":"12","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit101\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9610","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.9b02578","volume":"141","author":"Pang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit102\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1007\/s11595-023-2698-0","volume":"38","author":"Yan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Wuhan Univ. Technol., Mater. Sci. Ed."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit103\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11385","DOI":"10.1039\/C6NR02253G","volume":"8","author":"Urbankowski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit104\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4730","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.9b00574","volume":"141","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit105\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat4896","volume":"16","author":"Fashandi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit106\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-020-0657-0","volume":"19","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit107\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1002\/celc.202100142","volume":"8","author":"Dong","year":"2021","journal-title":"ChemElectroChem"},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit108\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2771","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.0c08630","volume":"15","author":"Jawaid","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit109\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8689","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202015627","volume":"60","author":"Shi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit110\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17722","DOI":"10.1039\/C7NR06721F","volume":"9","author":"Urbankowski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit111\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2022.108147","volume":"107","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit112\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2300836","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.202300836","volume":"8","author":"Tang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Small Methods"},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit113\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3966","DOI":"10.1039\/D3GC00787A","volume":"25","author":"Feng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Green Chem."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit114\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1700072","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201700072","volume":"29","author":"Geng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit115\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385601","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6528\/ab2c0d","volume":"30","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nanotechnology"},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit116\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat4374","volume":"14","author":"Xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit117\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215870","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2024.215870","volume":"511","author":"Gul","year":"2024","journal-title":"Coord. Chem. Rev."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit118\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"083001","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6595\/ac7f53","volume":"31","author":"Gudmundsson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plasma Sources Sci. Technol."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit119\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5054046","volume":"124","author":"Bundesmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit120\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1080\/10420150.2020.1718142","volume":"175","author":"Vac\u00edk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiat. Eff. Defects Solids"},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit121\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10194","DOI":"10.1039\/D4NJ05530F","volume":"49","author":"Rouhi","year":"2025","journal-title":"New J. Chem."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit122\/1","first-page":"e00156","volume":"25","author":"Mei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sustain. Mater. Technol."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit123\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jechem.2023.08.049","volume":"87","author":"Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Energy Chem."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit124\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2024.127219","volume":"344","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit125\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3576","DOI":"10.3390\/ma18153576","volume":"18","author":"Han","year":"2025","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit126\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15367","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.2c21838","volume":"15","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit127\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmat.2023.08.003","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Materiomics"},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit128\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2025.182833","volume":"1038","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit129\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmat.2023.10.001","volume":"10","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Materiomics"},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit130\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103021","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cis.2023.103021","volume":"321","author":"Chhattal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit131\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2000852","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202000852","volume":"30","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit132\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtener.2024.101642","volume":"44","author":"Guan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mater. Today Energy"},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit133\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66826","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.3c11857","volume":"16","author":"Koh","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit134\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1802087","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.201802087","volume":"8","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Energy Mater."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit135\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2021.132771","volume":"430","author":"Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit136\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820-020-00473-7","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nano-Micro Lett."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit137\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensm.2024.103328","volume":"67","author":"Feng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Energy Storage Mater."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit138\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2019.01.185","volume":"366","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit139\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2021.06.020","volume":"604","author":"Wen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit140\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2023.142440","volume":"455","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit141\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9449","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.9b04301","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit142\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153632","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2022.153632","volume":"596","author":"Shi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit143\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpcs.2017.12.039","volume":"115","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. Solids"},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit144\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aba8311","volume":"369","author":"Kamysbayev","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit145\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coche.2013.03.005","volume":"2","author":"Jhong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit146\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaav3506","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aav3506","volume":"364","author":"De Luna","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit147\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6242","DOI":"10.1039\/D1EE03211A","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit148\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16010","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.energyfuels.4c03022","volume":"38","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Energy Fuels"},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit149\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21885","DOI":"10.1039\/C8TA06567E","volume":"6","author":"Handoko","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit150\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5595","DOI":"10.1039\/D4SE00582A","volume":"8","author":"Khanam","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sustainable Energy Fuels"},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit151\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19347","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.5c03901","volume":"129","author":"Lund","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit152\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5589","DOI":"10.1039\/D5SE01004G","volume":"9","author":"Amin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sustainable Energy Fuels"},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit153\/1","first-page":"17512","volume":"129","author":"Bhat","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit154\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53056","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.5c11447","volume":"17","author":"Hassan","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit155\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4927","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.0c09755","volume":"15","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"D6NR01012A\/cit156\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1039\/D4SU00747F","volume":"3","author":"Al-Mahayni","year":"2025","journal-title":"RSC Sustain."}],"container-title":["Nanoscale"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/NR\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1039\/D6NR01012A\/0\/D6NR01012A.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T09:13:19Z","timestamp":1783588399000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/NR\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1039\/D6NR01012A"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":156,"journal-issue":{"issue":"26","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/d6nr01012a","relation":{},"ISSN":["2040-3364","2040-3372"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2040-3364","type":"print"},{"value":"2040-3372","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}