{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T12:07:59Z","timestamp":1790251679398,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":154,"publisher":"Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)","issue":"36","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,8,19]],"date-time":"2027-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1818633600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":595,"URL":"http:\/\/rsc.li\/journals-terms-of-use"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12374011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12374011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51771085"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51771085"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["rsc.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nanoscale"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This review provides a systematic overview of mixed ionic\u2013electronic conductors (MIECs) for interfacial engineering in liquid-electrolyte Li-ion and Li-metal batteries, highlighting seven single-phase and two composite MIECs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1039\/d6nr01922f","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T03:03:56Z","timestamp":1787108636000},"page":"19422-19445","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/rsc_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Interfacial engineering with mixed conductor for lithium-ion and lithium-metal batteries"],"prefix":"10.1039","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9900-0558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiya","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials and Energy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaofan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials and Energy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Run","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials and Energy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6993-7676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials and Energy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6980-4694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials and Energy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"292","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"reference":[{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit1\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nantod.2024.102556","volume":"60","author":"K\u0131z\u0131laslan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nano Today"},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit2\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mattod.2023.03.001","volume":"64","author":"Fang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mater. Today"},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit3\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-023-01627-9","volume":"22","author":"Alexander","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit4\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.3c04072","volume":"24","author":"Cao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit5\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geits.2024.100179","volume":"4","author":"Cheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Green Energy Intell. Transp."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit6\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-024-02105-6","volume":"24","author":"Park","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit7\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-024-02057-x","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit8\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4211","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.4c05467","volume":"25","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit9\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e06400","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202506400","volume":"21","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit10\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11503","DOI":"10.1021\/cr500003w","volume":"114","author":"Xu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit11\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6457","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.5b02789","volume":"27","author":"Kazyak","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit12\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esci.2025.100429","volume":"6","author":"Wu","year":"2026","journal-title":"eScience"},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit13\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2013.03.141","volume":"239","author":"He","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Power Sources"},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit14\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2017.11.056","volume":"258","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit15\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159927","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2021.159927","volume":"875","author":"Hong","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit16\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5058","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.3c13969","volume":"16","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit17\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4234","DOI":"10.1007\/s12598-024-02632-w","volume":"43","author":"Deng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rare Met."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit18\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2403261","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202403261","volume":"34","author":"Moon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit19\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2531794123","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2531794123","volume":"123","author":"Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit20\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19014","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.1c08719","volume":"15","author":"Zheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit21\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1804461","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201804461","volume":"30","author":"Yan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit22\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2022.137401","volume":"447","author":"Pan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit23\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153842","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.153842","volume":"496","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit24\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1021\/acsenergylett.8b00526","volume":"3","author":"Cheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Energy Lett."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit25\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1900193","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.201900193","volume":"9","author":"Guo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Energy Mater."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit26\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2019.03.014","volume":"421","author":"Fan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Power Sources"},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit27\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e642","DOI":"10.1002\/cey2.642","volume":"7","author":"Fang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Carbon Energy"},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit28\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2200296","DOI":"10.1002\/sstr.202200296","volume":"4","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Small Struct."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit29\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2023.232657","volume":"559","author":"Moon","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Power Sources"},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit30\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1783","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c16117","volume":"19","author":"Jung","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit31\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaao2808","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aao2808","volume":"358","author":"Zhu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit32\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e604","DOI":"10.1002\/cey2.604","volume":"6","author":"Hao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Carbon Energy"},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit33\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e202400209","DOI":"10.1002\/celc.202400209","volume":"11","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"ChemElectroChem"},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit34\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e423","DOI":"10.1002\/cey2.423","volume":"6","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Carbon Energy"},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit35\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1016\/s1872-5805(24)60871-1","volume":"39","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"New Carbon Mater."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit36\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"914930","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2022.914930","volume":"10","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Chem."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit37\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e202500418","DOI":"10.1002\/cnma.202500418","volume":"12","author":"Tang","year":"2025","journal-title":"ChemNanoMat"},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit38\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1038\/s41570-022-00384-8","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Chem."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit39\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jechem.2022.01.011","volume":"69","author":"Lucero","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Energy Chem."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit40\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112017","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2024.112017","volume":"92","author":"Sunkari","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Energy Storage"},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit41\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240987","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2026.240987","volume":"691","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Power Sources"},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit42\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.1149\/1.2221597","volume":"140","author":"Doyle","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Electrochem. Soc."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit43\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1038\/35104644","volume":"414","author":"Tarascon","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit44\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"042003","DOI":"10.1088\/2516-1083\/ac7d31","volume":"4","author":"Planella","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prog. Energy"},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit45\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensm.2026.105311","volume":"90","author":"Sui","year":"2026","journal-title":"Energy Storage Mater."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit46\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.2c00214","volume":"123","author":"Quilty","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit47\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159927","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.159927","volume":"506","author":"Xiao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit48\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5250","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29225250","volume":"29","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit49\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2101126","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202101126","volume":"11","author":"Weiss","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Energy Mater."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit50\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253001","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6463\/added3","volume":"58","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit51\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7904","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2010.06.060","volume":"195","author":"Park","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Power Sources"},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit52\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"018206","DOI":"10.1088\/1674-1056\/25\/1\/018206","volume":"25","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chin. Phys. B"},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit53\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1021\/ar300145c","volume":"46","author":"Bazant","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit54\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4890","DOI":"10.1021\/nl202764f","volume":"11","author":"Bai","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit55\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2215","DOI":"10.1021\/nn204177u","volume":"6","author":"Cogswell","year":"2012","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit56\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3585","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms4585","volume":"5","author":"Bai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit57\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2018.09.051","volume":"53","author":"Xia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit58\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2016.01.049","volume":"308","author":"Bai","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Power Sources"},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit59\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.3365\/met.mat.2008.12.759","volume":"14","author":"Won","year":"2008","journal-title":"Met. Mater. Int."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit60\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1021\/cm2031009","volume":"24","author":"Shin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit61\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A65","DOI":"10.1149\/1.2409768","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Electrochem. Solid-State Lett."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit62\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009979609911","volume":"1","author":"Tuller","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Electroceram."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit63\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2204912","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202204912","volume":"35","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit64\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2013.09.097","volume":"248","author":"Ye","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Power Sources"},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit65\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4224","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms5224","volume":"5","author":"Bao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit66\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1149\/1.1837287","volume":"145","author":"Funabiki","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Electrochem. Soc."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit67\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/s1872-5805(22)60584-5","volume":"37","author":"Cao","year":"2022","journal-title":"New Carbon Mater."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit68\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matchar.2020.110171","volume":"162","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater. Charact."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit69\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2937","DOI":"10.1021\/am5084368","volume":"7","author":"Ma","year":"2015","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit70\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoes.2023.100450","volume":"19","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Electrochem. Sci."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit71\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14458","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.iecr.4c01482","volume":"63","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit72\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelechem.2019.113529","volume":"854","author":"Chang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Electroanal. Chem."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit73\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157920","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2020.157920","volume":"857","author":"Fan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit74\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101974","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrp.2024.101974","volume":"5","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Rep. Phys. Sci."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit75\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.3390\/nano14080660","volume":"14","author":"Zuo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit76\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2408285","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202408285","volume":"34","author":"He","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit77\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147807","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2023.147807","volume":"479","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit78\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19614","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.5c00295","volume":"10","author":"Cho","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit79\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21766","DOI":"10.1039\/c9ta07357d","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit80\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102788","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensm.2023.102788","volume":"59","author":"Jin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Energy Storage Mater."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit81\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtsust.2023.100350","volume":"22","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mater. Today Sustainable"},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit82\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12541","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.energyfuels.3c01346","volume":"37","author":"Shetti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Energy Fuels"},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit83\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.157317","volume":"500","author":"Bandaru","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit84\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12489","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.8b02032","volume":"3","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit85\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4642","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.1c11298","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit86\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2025.236520","volume":"635","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Power Sources"},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit87\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jechem.2021.11.021","volume":"67","author":"Han","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Energy Chem."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit88\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2021.160210","volume":"876","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit89\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2022.107715","volume":"102","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit90\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13646","DOI":"10.1039\/c3cp52485j","volume":"15","author":"Lotfabad","year":"2013","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit91\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-2738(02)00075-9","volume":"148","author":"Maier","year":"2002","journal-title":"Solid State Ionics"},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit92\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e202400130","DOI":"10.1002\/batt.202400130","volume":"7","author":"Shi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Batteries Supercaps"},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit93\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2001767","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202001767","volume":"10","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Energy Mater."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit94\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104074","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensm.2025.104074","volume":"75","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Energy Storage Mater."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit95\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1200","DOI":"10.1002\/smm2.1200","volume":"4","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"SmartMat"},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit96\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16350","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.2c01913","volume":"144","author":"Szczuka","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit97\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.3390\/cryst13050756","volume":"13","author":"Maltsev","year":"2023","journal-title":"Crystals"},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit98\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2109952","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202109952","volume":"34","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit99\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116735","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actamat.2021.116735","volume":"208","author":"Mo\u017adzierz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Mater."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit100\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1021\/jacsau.3c00693","volume":"4","author":"Song","year":"2024","journal-title":"JACS Au"},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit101\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eadw4710","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adw4710","volume":"11","author":"Kong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit102\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2417353","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202417353","volume":"37","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit103\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16209","DOI":"10.1039\/c8cp00168e","volume":"20","author":"Polfus","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit104\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1400078","DOI":"10.1002\/admi.201400078","volume":"1","author":"Wallace","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit105\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5647","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.5b02027","volume":"27","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit106\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1038\/s41560-022-01106-6","volume":"7","author":"Park","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Energy"},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit107\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6937","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.0c02999","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit108\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1007\/s11581-017-2268-6","volume":"24","author":"Bai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ionics"},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit109\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-90586-2.00007-3","volume-title":"Perovskite Ceramics","author":"Husanu","year":"2023","unstructured":"M. A.Husanu  and  D. G.Popescu , in  Perovskite Ceramics , ed.  J. L. C. Huam\u00e1n  and  V. A. G. Rivera ,  Elsevier ,  2023 , pp.  99\u2013124 ,  10.1016\/B978-0-323-90586-2.00007-3"},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit110\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5334","DOI":"10.1021\/acsenergylett.4c02060","volume":"9","author":"Schwarz","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Energy Lett."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit111\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157954","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2020.157954","volume":"861","author":"Sharma","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit112\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15659","DOI":"10.1039\/d5ta00367a","volume":"13","author":"Lin","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit113\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1007\/s42341-026-00711-6","volume":"27","author":"Lee","year":"2026","journal-title":"Trans. Electr. Electron. Mater."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit114\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1038\/s41570-024-00622-1","volume":"8","author":"Kang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Chem."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit115\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485701","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-4484\/19\/48\/485701","volume":"19","author":"Hammer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nanotechnology"},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit116\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-2738(99)00312-4","volume":"129","author":"Smyth","year":"2000","journal-title":"Solid State Ionics"},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit117\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensm.2022.08.028","volume":"52","author":"Gu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Energy Storage Mater."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit118\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158032","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.158032","volume":"502","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit119\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1900487","DOI":"10.1002\/ente.201900487","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Energy Technol."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit120\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2022.166428","volume":"923","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit121\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4766","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2021.11.080","volume":"47","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrogen Energy"},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit122\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5602","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.9b00670","volume":"13","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit123\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3799","DOI":"10.1007\/s11581-024-05569-3","volume":"30","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ionics"},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit124\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187055","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2026.187055","volume":"1059","author":"Wu","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit125\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1021\/acsaem.1c03195","volume":"5","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Energy Mater."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit126\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2824","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14112824","volume":"14","author":"Merabet","year":"2021","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit127\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6893","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.7b02030","volume":"11","author":"Lin","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit128\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/s0378-7753(03)00138-1","volume":"119\u2013121","author":"Lee","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Power Sources"},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit129\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1063\/1.341468","volume":"64","author":"Savvides","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit130\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G287","DOI":"10.1149\/1.2988651","volume":"155","author":"Knoops","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Electrochem. Soc."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit131\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoms.2024.08.005","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nano Mater. Sci."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit132\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2024.235231","volume":"621","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Power Sources"},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit133\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1021\/acsaem.3c02040","volume":"7","author":"Sturman","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Energy Mater."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit134\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45458","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.2c13607","volume":"14","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit135\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2500189","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202500189","volume":"15","author":"Sun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Energy Mater."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit136\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2306504","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202306504","volume":"35","author":"Yu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit137\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joule.2018.12.013","volume":"3","author":"Cao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Joule"},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit138\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2015.03.019","volume":"13","author":"Zhu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit139\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1038\/35035045","volume":"407","author":"Poizot","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit140\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensm.2021.10.022","volume":"44","author":"Shi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Energy Storage Mater."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit141\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssi.2007.11.004","volume":"178","author":"Chiba","year":"2008","journal-title":"Solid State Ionics"},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit142\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"025403","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6528\/ac2d49","volume":"33","author":"Tang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nanotechnology"},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit143\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14982","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.5c03768","volume":"25","author":"Heo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit144\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136917","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2022.136917","volume":"446","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit145\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-67352-w","volume":"17","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit146\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"058302","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.96.058302","volume":"96","author":"Zhukovskii","year":"2006","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit147\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4775","DOI":"10.1039\/d5ee00041f","volume":"18","author":"Meng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit148\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.201000051","volume":"1","author":"Rahman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv. Energy Mater."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit149\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abn1818","volume":"375","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit150\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e202407315","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202407315","volume":"63","author":"Zhuang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit151\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e76108","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.76108","volume":"13","author":"Kim","year":"2026","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit152\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2018.09.287","volume":"45","author":"Ko","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ceram. Int."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit153\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s40580-025-00491-4","volume":"12","author":"Lee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nano Converg."},{"key":"D6NR01922F\/cit154\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E97","DOI":"10.1149\/2.0231904jes","volume":"166","author":"Attia","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Electrochem. Soc."}],"container-title":["Nanoscale"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/NR\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1039\/D6NR01922F\/0\/D6NR01922F.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T11:29:19Z","timestamp":1790249359000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/NR\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1039\/D6NR01922F"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":154,"journal-issue":{"issue":"36","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/d6nr01922f","relation":{},"ISSN":["2040-3364","2040-3372"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2040-3364","type":"print"},{"value":"2040-3372","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}