{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T07:09:54Z","timestamp":1790060994874,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":120,"publisher":"Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,8,27]],"date-time":"2027-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1819324800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":603,"URL":"http:\/\/rsc.li\/journals-terms-of-use"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008843","name":"Zhejiang Ocean University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JX6311043025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JX6311043025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008843","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["rsc.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nanoscale"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The performance of X-ray detection and imaging is shifting from material-centric limits toward system-level co-optimization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1039\/d6nr02458k","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:03:17Z","timestamp":1787839397000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/rsc_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Unifying interfaces in X-Ray detection and imaging: advances in materials, heterogeneous integration, and algorithmic co-optimization"],"prefix":"10.1039","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5828-6657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianwei","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Marine Engineering Equipment, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yike","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Marine Engineering Equipment, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyang","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Marine Engineering Equipment, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yajie","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Marine Engineering Equipment, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"292","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"reference":[{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit1\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18290","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1204460109","volume":"109","author":"Zhao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit2\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1102873","volume":"365","author":"D. R. Aberle","year":"2011","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit3\/1","first-page":"3690","volume":"5","author":"Dwivedi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mater. Today: Proc."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit4\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compscitech.2017.10.023","volume":"156","author":"Garcea","year":"2018","journal-title":"Compos. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit5\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7006","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-62274-z","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit6\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1694","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2019.2950319","volume":"20","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit7\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.15.4.7569143","volume":"15","author":"Antonuk","year":"1995","journal-title":"RadioGraphics"},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit8\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnucene.2021.103918","volume":"140","author":"Alam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prog. Nucl. Energy"},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit9\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"092104","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0214500","volume":"125","author":"Tang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit10\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225701","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0233995","volume":"136","author":"Khan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit11\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1038\/nature24032","volume":"550","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit12\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12467","DOI":"10.1039\/D4TA00492B","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit13\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-37297-z","volume":"14","author":"Zhuang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit14\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1764","DOI":"10.1021\/acsaelm.4c01931","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Electron. Mater."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit15\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2100253","DOI":"10.1002\/aisy.202100253","volume":"4","author":"Bao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Intell. Syst."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit16\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1038\/s42005-025-02240-9","volume":"8","author":"Baruffaldi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Commun. Phys."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit17\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2021.102125","volume":"72","author":"\u00c7all\u0131","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med. Image Anal."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit18\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-020-00273-z","volume":"2","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit19\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e136","DOI":"10.1016\/S2589-7500(19)30058-5","volume":"1","author":"Lou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Digit. Health"},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit20\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8313","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5b03141","volume":"137","author":"Zhu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit21\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1602349","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.201602349","volume":"7","author":"Hutter","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Energy Mater."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit22\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800569","DOI":"10.1002\/aelm.201800569","volume":"5","author":"Lv","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Electron. Mater."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit23\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35207","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3264806","volume":"11","author":"Stoyanov","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit24\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5837","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-6454(03)00440-3","volume":"51","author":"Romig Jr","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Mater."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit25\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-36313-6","volume":"14","author":"Jin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit26\/1","first-page":"9892152","author":"Ou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Research"},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit27\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8753","DOI":"10.1039\/C9TC02055A","volume":"7","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. C"},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit28\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.3390\/nano15171360","volume":"15","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit29\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221101","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0299889","volume":"127","author":"Mei","year":"2025","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit30\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2025.183783","volume":"1041","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit31\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e08207","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202508207","volume":"12","author":"Han","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit32\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3695","DOI":"10.1007\/s40843-025-3495-8","volume":"68","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. China Mater."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit33\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"043407","DOI":"10.1116\/6.0004537","volume":"43","author":"Narasihman","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Vac. Sci. Technol., A"},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit34\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101095","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtphys.2023.101095","volume":"35","author":"Prasad","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mater. Today Phys."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit35\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surfin.2024.105703","volume":"56","author":"Su","year":"2025","journal-title":"Surf. Interfaces"},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit36\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics14071343","volume":"14","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit37\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4630","DOI":"10.1021\/acsaelm.1c00778","volume":"3","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Electron. Mater."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit38\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23292","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.435366","volume":"29","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit39\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2015.82","volume":"9","author":"Yakunin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Photonics"},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit40\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2016.41","volume":"10","author":"Wei","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Photonics"},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit41\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1038\/s41566-020-0678-x","volume":"14","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Photonics"},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit42\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-46184-0","volume":"15","author":"Pang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit43\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94907574","DOI":"10.26599\/NR.2025.94907574","volume":"18","author":"Dun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nano Res."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit44\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2002586","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202002586","volume":"7","author":"Demchyshyn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit45\/1","first-page":"24","volume":"6","author":"Morozov","year":"2025","journal-title":"Light Adv. Manuf."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit46\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2118","DOI":"10.1109\/LED.2025.3608939","volume":"46","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Electron Device Lett."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit47\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2400099","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.202400099","volume":"8","author":"Jiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Small Methods"},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit48\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trechm.2023.10.003","volume":"5","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends Chem."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit49\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.3c00302","volume":"124","author":"Katiyar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit50\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3037","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-10738-4","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit51\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2207065","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202207065","volume":"32","author":"Hou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit52\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2202168","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.202202168","volume":"8","author":"Aftab","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. Technol."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit53\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1706587","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201706587","volume":"28","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit54\/1","first-page":"16042","volume":"1","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit55\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1021\/acsenergylett.4c02866","volume":"10","author":"Han","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Energy Lett."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit56\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14896","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202004160","volume":"59","author":"Shen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit57\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"030402","DOI":"10.1088\/1674-4926\/25020801","volume":"46","author":"Meng","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Semicond."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit58\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6659","DOI":"10.1039\/D0TC01354D","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. C"},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit59\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2313776","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202313776","volume":"34","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit60\/1","first-page":"147","volume":"8","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Electron."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit61\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1021\/cr300014x","volume":"112","author":"Zhou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit62\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8989","DOI":"10.1039\/D4MH01122H","volume":"12","author":"Salway","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mater. Horiz."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit63\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrp.2022.101004","volume":"3","author":"Cheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Rep. Phys. Sci."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit64\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9002","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.3c16712","volume":"16","author":"Mi","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit65\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2412432","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202412432","volume":"36","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit66\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2988","DOI":"10.1007\/s12274-023-6217-6","volume":"17","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nano Res."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit67\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109855","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vacuum.2020.109855","volume":"183","author":"Gao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vacuum"},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit68\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2310831","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202310831","volume":"36","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit69\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2020.105335","volume":"78","author":"Tian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit70\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chip.2024.100106","volume":"3","author":"Dou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chip"},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit71\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/s41528-023-00240-9","volume":"7","author":"Mescher","year":"2023","journal-title":"npj Flexible Electron."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit72\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10199","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.2c01074","volume":"16","author":"Dun","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit73\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5352","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-40620-3","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit74\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2401220","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202401220","volume":"34","author":"Wan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit75\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2402480","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202402480","volume":"34","author":"Xin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit76\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2301406","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202301406","volume":"35","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit77\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27545","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.5c04719","volume":"17","author":"Han","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit78\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1038\/s41377-024-01521-2","volume":"13","author":"Dong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Light:Sci. Appl."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit79\/1","author":"Zou","unstructured":"T.Zou ,  C.Chen ,  B.Xiang ,  Y.Wang ,  C.Liu ,  S.Zhang  and  H.Zhou , Flexible, active-matrix flat-panel image sensors for low dose X-ray detection enabled by integration of a perovskite photodiode and an oxide thin film transistor, In 2019 IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM), 2019, pp. 8\u20135"},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit80\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0451-1","volume":"561","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit81\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eadj8659","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adj8659","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit82\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1038\/s41566-024-01506-y","volume":"18","author":"He","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Photonics"},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit83\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1588","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-45871-2","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit84\/1","first-page":"2422003","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit85\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11747","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.4c03651","volume":"24","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit86\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1901644","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201901644","volume":"31","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit87\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1038\/s43246-025-01053-1","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"Commun. Mater."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit88\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"071105","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0132028","volume":"122","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit89\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2417248","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202417248","volume":"37","author":"Song","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit90\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2110729","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202110729","volume":"32","author":"Xia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit91\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928-021-00644-3","volume":"4","author":"Deumel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Electron."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit92\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1038\/nature24032","volume":"550","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit93\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2015.163","volume":"10","author":"Laborde","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit94\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.12654","volume":"45","author":"Cao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit95\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6294","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4932368","volume":"42","author":"Zhao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit96\/1","author":"Zentai","unstructured":"G.Zentai , Comparison of CMOS and a-Si flat panel imagers for X-ray imaging, In 2011 IEEE international conference on imaging systems and techniques, 2011, pp. 194\u2013200"},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit97\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-09621-8","volume":"646","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit98\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2017.75","volume":"11","author":"Goossens","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Photonics"},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit99\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2210715","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202210715","volume":"35","author":"Park","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit100\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2313946","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202313946","volume":"36","author":"Duan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit101\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-46050-z","volume":"15","author":"Pang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit102\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2207106","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202207106","volume":"34","author":"Zhan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit103\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9713","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201601603","volume":"28","author":"Gu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit104\/1","author":"Wang","unstructured":"J.Wang ,  H.Cong ,  Y.Wei ,  B.Qi ,  J.Li  and  T.Cai , X-ray image blind denoising in hybrid noise based on convolutional neural networks, ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, 2021, pp. 203\u2013212"},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit105\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3877","DOI":"10.1007\/s00530-023-01172-0","volume":"29","author":"Ahmed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Multimed. Syst."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit106\/1","first-page":"857","volume":"25","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. X-ray Sci. Technol."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit107\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2524","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2017.2715284","volume":"36","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging"},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit108\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2020.3011119","volume":"68","author":"Ge","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit109\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29759","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-80826-z","volume":"14","author":"Yen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit110\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2018.2827462","volume":"37","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging"},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit111\/1","first-page":"523","volume":"26","author":"Sun","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. X-ray Sci. Technol."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit112\/1","author":"Ledig","unstructured":"C.Ledig ,  L.Theis ,  F.Husz\u00e1r ,  J.Caballero ,  A.Cunningham ,  A.Acosta ,  A.Aitken ,  et al. , Photo-realistic single image super-resolution using a generative adversarial network, IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2017, pp. 4681\u20134690"},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit113\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2241","DOI":"10.1007\/s12652-024-04751-9","volume":"15","author":"Nimitha","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Ambient Intell. Humaniz. Comput."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit114\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.375595","volume":"37","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Opt. Soc. Am. A"},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit115\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-80803-2","volume":"11","author":"Tien","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit116\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26198","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-77937-y","volume":"14","author":"Zeng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit117\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4431536","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/4431536","volume":"2022","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit118\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"065024","DOI":"10.1088\/2057-1976\/ac9da7","volume":"8","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed. Phys. Eng. Express"},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit119\/1","author":"Tang","unstructured":"T.Tang  and  C.Yang , MIND: A Noise-Adaptive Denoising Framework for Medical Images Integrating Multi-Scale Transformer, 7th International Conference on Intelligent Control, Measurement and Signal Processing, 2025, pp. 1\u20136"},{"key":"D6NR02458K\/cit120\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00530-023-01202-x","volume":"30","author":"Jian","year":"2024","journal-title":"Multimed. Syst."}],"container-title":["Nanoscale"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/NR\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1039\/D6NR02458K\/0\/D6NR02458K.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T06:47:13Z","timestamp":1790059633000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/NR\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1039\/D6NR02458K"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":120,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/d6nr02458k","relation":{},"ISSN":["2040-3364","2040-3372"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2040-3364","type":"print"},{"value":"2040-3372","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}