{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T13:49:51Z","timestamp":1792072191291,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)","issue":"39","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":257,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["rsc.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nanoscale"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This work establishes precursor nuclearity as a predictive descriptor for nanoparticle size and morphology, linking molecular copper chemistry to nanomaterial synthesis through experiment and theory.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1039\/d6nr02559e","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T17:23:22Z","timestamp":1789493002000},"page":"21560-21567","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/rsc_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Precursor-driven synthesis of copper nanoparticles: bridging experiment and theory in nuclearity effects"],"prefix":"10.1039","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Jean","family":"Irle-Belmont","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination (LCC), UPR 8241, Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8779-1834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Thomas","family":"Pouzens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Bourgogne Europe, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Mol\u00e9culaire de l'Universit\u00e9 de Bourgogne (ICMUB), UMR 6302, Dijon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Feron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination (LCC), UPR 8241, Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laure","family":"Vendier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination (LCC), UPR 8241, Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Val\u00e9rie","family":"Sartor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, CNRS, Laboratoire Softmat, UMR 5623, Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Lorber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination (LCC), UPR 8241, Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2048-647X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Cyrille","family":"Hierso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Bourgogne Europe, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Mol\u00e9culaire de l'Universit\u00e9 de Bourgogne (ICMUB), UMR 6302, Dijon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3114-2522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Fleurat-Lessard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Bourgogne Europe, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Mol\u00e9culaire de l'Universit\u00e9 de Bourgogne (ICMUB), UMR 6302, Dijon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3079-5759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Myrtil L.","family":"Kahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination (LCC), UPR 8241, Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"292","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"reference":[{"issue":"21","key":"D6NR02559E\/cit1\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14361","DOI":"10.1039\/D3RA01082A","volume":"13","author":"Lu","year":"2023","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"issue":"2","key":"D6NR02559E\/cit2\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1007\/s12596-024-02178-1","volume":"55","author":"Mohammed","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Opt."},{"issue":"3","key":"D6NR02559E\/cit3\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1007\/s42452-020-2279-1","volume":"2","author":"Al-Hakkani","year":"2020","journal-title":"SN Appl. Sci."},{"key":"D6NR02559E\/cit4\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physe.2013.10.025","volume":"57","author":"Dong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phys. E"},{"key":"D6NR02559E\/cit5\/1","volume-title":"The Unique Properties of Monodisperse Particles in Drug Delivery","author":"SANYU Group","year":"2026","unstructured":"SANYU Group ,  The Unique Properties of Monodisperse Particles in Drug Delivery ,  2026 ,  https:\/\/nanomicronspheres.com\/monodisperse-vs-polydisperse"},{"issue":"1","key":"D6NR02559E\/cit6\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.3390\/nano9010018","volume":"9","author":"Teulon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"issue":"21","key":"D6NR02559E\/cit7\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2502901","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202502901","volume":"36","author":"De Almeida","year":"2026","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"issue":"6","key":"D6NR02559E\/cit8\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3722","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.5b00482","volume":"116","author":"Gawande","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"issue":"35","key":"D6NR02559E\/cit9\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e202300228","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.202300228","volume":"29","author":"Cowie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. \u2013 Eur. J."},{"issue":"12","key":"D6NR02559E\/cit10\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6229","DOI":"10.1039\/C3NR06336D","volume":"6","author":"Seisenbaeva","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"D6NR02559E\/cit11\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2018.08.132","volume":"772","author":"Yadav","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"issue":"7","key":"D6NR02559E\/cit12\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4261","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.inorgchem.0c03567","volume":"60","author":"Chang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem."},{"issue":"6","key":"D6NR02559E\/cit13\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1002\/tcr.10002","volume":"1","author":"Pickett","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chem. Rec."},{"issue":"7","key":"D6NR02559E\/cit14\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3189","DOI":"10.1039\/C4NR06893A","volume":"7","author":"Ben Aissa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"issue":"5","key":"D6NR02559E\/cit15\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.1021\/cm403098d","volume":"26","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"issue":"23","key":"D6NR02559E\/cit16\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6696","DOI":"10.1039\/D1NA00591J","volume":"3","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nanoscale Adv."},{"issue":"3","key":"D6NR02559E\/cit17\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e02782","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.202502782","volume":"32","author":"Roubert","year":"2026","journal-title":"Chem. \u2013 Eur. J."},{"issue":"5","key":"D6NR02559E\/cit18\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2279","DOI":"10.1039\/C2JM14963J","volume":"22","author":"Barri\u00e8re","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem."},{"issue":"42","key":"D6NR02559E\/cit19\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12274","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201503476","volume":"54","author":"Wagner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"issue":"3","key":"D6NR02559E\/cit20\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201911947","volume":"59","author":"Mboyi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"issue":"24","key":"D6NR02559E\/cit21\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7951","DOI":"10.1021\/ic0345424","volume":"42","author":"Lim","year":"2003","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem."},{"issue":"6499","key":"D6NR02559E\/cit22\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1038\/371683a0","volume":"371","author":"Silvi","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"9","key":"D6NR02559E\/cit23\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5397","DOI":"10.1063\/1.458517","volume":"92","author":"Becke","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"D6NR02559E\/cit24\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198551683.001.0001","volume-title":"The Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules","author":"Bader","year":"1990","unstructured":"R. F. W.Bader ,  The Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules ,  Oxfort University ,  1990"},{"issue":"5","key":"D6NR02559E\/cit25\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1943","DOI":"10.1063\/1.446956","volume":"80","author":"Bader","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"1","key":"D6NR02559E\/cit26\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1007\/s11164-020-04328-z","volume":"47","author":"Lepetit","year":"2021","journal-title":"Res. Chem. Intermed."},{"issue":"7","key":"D6NR02559E\/cit27\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4328","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.inorgchem.9b03166","volume":"59","author":"Puyo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"D6NR02559E\/cit28\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2017.04.009","volume":"345","author":"Lepetit","year":"2017","journal-title":"Coord. Chem. Rev."},{"issue":"26","key":"D6NR02559E\/cit29\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7512","DOI":"10.1021\/ja00364a005","volume":"105","author":"Parr","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"19","key":"D6NR02559E\/cit31\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70169","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.70169","volume":"46","author":"Pouzens","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Comput. Chem."},{"key":"D6NR02559E\/cit32\/1","unstructured":"We focused on three key descriptors for copper atoms: the electron-accepting Fukui function,  F + (Cu), which characterizes the propensity of a copper atom to be reduced, the local electrophilicity index,  \u2126 + (Cu), which quantifies the atom's susceptibility to nucleophilic attack, and the local hardness,  H + (Cu). To ensure consistency, these local values were averaged over all copper atoms in each molecule"},{"issue":"7","key":"D6NR02559E\/cit33\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5648","DOI":"10.1063\/1.464913","volume":"98","author":"Becke","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"D6NR02559E\/cit34\/1","author":"Ziesche","unstructured":"P.Ziesche  and  H.Eschrig , in  Electronic Structure of Solids \u201891: Proceedings of the 75. WE-Heraeus-Seminar and 21st Annual International Symposium on Electronic Structure of Solids , Held in Gaussig, Germany, March 11\u201315, 1991, 1991"},{"issue":"23","key":"D6NR02559E\/cit35\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13244","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.45.13244","volume":"45","author":"Perdew","year":"1992","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys."},{"issue":"18","key":"D6NR02559E\/cit36\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3297","DOI":"10.1039\/b508541a","volume":"7","author":"Weigend","year":"2005","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"7","key":"D6NR02559E\/cit37\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.21759","volume":"32","author":"Grimme","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Comput. Chem."},{"issue":"16","key":"D6NR02559E\/cit38\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.27105","volume":"44","author":"Chevreau","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Comput. Chem."},{"issue":"15","key":"D6NR02559E\/cit39\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3207","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.21903","volume":"32","author":"Kozlowski","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Comput. Chem."},{"key":"D6NR02559E\/cit40\/1","year":"2026","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.lct.jussieu.fr\/pagesperso\/pilme\/topchempage.html ,  2026"},{"key":"D6NR02559E\/cit41\/1","volume-title":"AIMAll","author":"Keith","year":"2026","unstructured":"T. A.Keith ,  AIMAll ,  2026 , ( https:\/\/aim.tkgristmill.com )"},{"issue":"14","key":"D6NR02559E\/cit42\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7169","DOI":"10.1039\/C9CP06869D","volume":"22","author":"Pracht","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"3","key":"D6NR02559E\/cit43\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1652","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jctc.8b01176","volume":"15","author":"Bannwarth","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Chem. Theory Comput."},{"key":"D6NR02559E\/cit44a\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","year":"2026","unstructured":"CCDC 2532737: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination ,  2026 ,  10.5517\/ccdc.csd.cc2r0j6j","DOI":"10.5517\/ccdc.csd.cc2r0j6j"},{"key":"D6NR02559E\/cit44b\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","year":"2026","unstructured":"CCDC 2532738: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination ,  2026 ,  10.5517\/ccdc.csd.cc2r0j7k","DOI":"10.5517\/ccdc.csd.cc2r0j7k"}],"container-title":["Nanoscale"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/NR\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1039\/D6NR02559E\/0\/D6NR02559E.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T13:25:38Z","timestamp":1792070738000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/NR\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1039\/D6NR02559E"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"39","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/d6nr02559e","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1039\/D6NR02559E\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1039\/D6NR02559E\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1039\/D6NR02559E\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1039\/D6NR02559E\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1039\/D6NR02559E\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1039\/D6NR02559E\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2040-3364","2040-3372"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2040-3364","type":"print"},{"value":"2040-3372","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}