{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T13:02:29Z","timestamp":1791378149966,"version":"4.3.2"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":279,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009229","name":"American University in Cairo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009229","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["rsc.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["RSC Adv."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs) offer a compelling pathway for sustainable energy conversion, yet sluggish kinetics and severe surface poisoning of conventional platinum-based anode catalysts hinder their practical adoption.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1039\/d6ra04858g","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T12:30:09Z","timestamp":1791376209000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/rsc_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ir-based electrocatalysts for facile ethanol oxidation reaction: effect of support, loading, and alloying with Ru"],"prefix":"10.1039","author":[{"given":"Alaa","family":"Soliman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological, Chemical and Global Health Sciences, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed S. S.","family":"Elsayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological, Chemical and Global Health Sciences, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0359-1729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaimaa E.","family":"Abd El Hamid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological, Chemical and Global Health Sciences, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt"},{"name":"Physical Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hany A.","family":"El-Sayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological, Chemical and Global Health Sciences, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5046-6963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ehab N.","family":"El Sawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological, Chemical and Global Health Sciences, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"292","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"reference":[{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit1\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1021\/cs3002308","volume":"2","author":"Du","year":"2012","journal-title":"ACS Catal."},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit2\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-7753(01)00883-7","volume":"100","author":"Acres","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Power Sources"},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit3\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27509","DOI":"10.1039\/C5CP04634C","volume":"17","author":"Sawy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit4\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2013.11.109","volume":"117","author":"Sawy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit5\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2013.05.064","volume":"242","author":"Ito","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Power Sources"},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit6\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cattod.2010.01.060","volume":"154","author":"Lai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Catal. Today"},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit7\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.3390\/catal5031507","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Catalysts"},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit8\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16768","DOI":"10.1039\/D1RA01841H","volume":"11","author":"Yaqoob","year":"2021","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit9\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2100187","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202100187","volume":"11","author":"Lv","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Energy Mater."},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit10\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201104990","volume":"51","author":"Kavanagh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit11\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2009.05.020","volume":"194","author":"Ghumman","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Power Sources"},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit12\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15172","DOI":"10.1021\/ja205649z","volume":"133","author":"Du","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit13\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1703057","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201703057","volume":"29","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit14\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2203612","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202203612","volume":"34","author":"Lv","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit15\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15400","DOI":"10.1039\/C6TA06161C","volume":"4","author":"El Sawy","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit16\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F1572","DOI":"10.1149\/2.0611714jes","volume":"164","author":"Sawy","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Electrochem. Soc."},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit17\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8423","DOI":"10.1021\/acsaem.0c01061","volume":"3","author":"Hoang","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Energy Mater."},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit18\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106507","DOI":"10.1149\/1945-7111\/ab98f1","volume":"167","author":"El Sawy","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Electrochem. Soc."},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit19\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1007\/s12678-016-0328-8","volume":"7","author":"El Sawy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Electrocatalysis"},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit20\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mattod.2019.06.005","volume":"32","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater. Today"},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit21\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2007.04.009","volume":"170","author":"Antolini","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Power Sources"},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit22\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/S1464-2859(08)70142-1","volume":"2007","author":"Cao","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fuel Cell. Bull."},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit23\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9783","DOI":"10.1021\/jp063447o","volume":"110","author":"Gu","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. A"},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit24\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3459","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b13080","volume":"10","author":"El Sawy","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit25\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6713","DOI":"10.1021\/la970853d","volume":"13","author":"Zou","year":"1997","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit26\/1","first-page":"15","volume":"3","author":"Sahin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Mater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit27\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2398","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.5b02580","volume":"6","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Catal."},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit28\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcata.2014.06.029","volume":"483","author":"Courtois","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. Catal., A"},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit29\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2024.124422","volume":"358","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B Environ. Energy"},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit30\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcat.2021.05.028","volume":"400","author":"Mangoufis-Giasin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Catal."},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit31\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"B210","DOI":"10.1149\/1.3033517","volume":"156","author":"Natarajan","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Electrochem. Soc."},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit32\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2014.04.005","volume":"75","author":"Trogadas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit33\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inoche.2003.10.012","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem. Commun."},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit34\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2185","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.9b02230","volume":"3","author":"Hartig-Weiss","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Nano Mater."},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit35\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2013.09.030","volume":"112","author":"Silva-Junior","year":"2013","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit36\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.3390\/nano9081145","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit37\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16653","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.3c02860","volume":"6","author":"Kumara","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Nano Mater."},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit38\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10268","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.4c16638","volume":"147","author":"Maulana","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit39\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2011.145","volume":"6","author":"Holzwarth","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit40\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5121\/msej.2022.9301","volume":"9","author":"Amutha","year":"2022","journal-title":"MSEJ"},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit41\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2013.06.063","volume":"579","author":"Mazloom","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit42\/1","first-page":"10669","volume":"31","author":"Balu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron."},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit43\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27517","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.4c08149","volume":"146","author":"Pittkowski","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit44\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cis.2022.102643","volume":"303","author":"Quinson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit45\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"074309","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3642961","volume":"110","author":"Banerjee","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit46\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surfcoat.2021.127803","volume":"426","author":"Taylor","year":"2021","journal-title":"Surf. Coat. Technol."},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit47\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eadf9144","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adf9144","volume":"9","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit48\/1","first-page":"1","volume":"14","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit49\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202200586","DOI":"10.1002\/cctc.202200586","volume":"14","author":"Moriau","year":"2022","journal-title":"ChemCatChem"},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit50\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7856","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2010.06.018","volume":"195","author":"Corcoran","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Power Sources"},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit51\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-55910-1","volume":"16","author":"Park","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit52\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12552","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.6b07199","volume":"138","author":"Oh","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit53\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18389","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.5b05302","volume":"119","author":"Gorzkowski","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit54\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/S1381-1169(96)00348-2","volume":"115","author":"Ruban","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem."},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit55\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20190082","DOI":"10.1590\/0001-3765201920190082","volume":"91","author":"Marques","year":"2019","journal-title":"An. Acad. Bras. Cienc."},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit56\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4743","DOI":"10.1002\/er.4613","volume":"43","author":"Jain","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Energy Res."},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit57\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1904","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-9635(00)00345-9","volume":"9","author":"Dementjev","year":"2000","journal-title":"Diamond Relat. Mater."},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit58\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1900043","DOI":"10.1002\/gch2.201900043","volume":"3","author":"Lin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Glob. Chall."},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit59\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17141","DOI":"10.1039\/C6NR03702J","volume":"8","author":"Askari","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit60\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18497","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-69495-0","volume":"14","author":"Racz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit61\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9694","DOI":"10.1039\/C6TC04462J","volume":"5","author":"Bhachu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. C"},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit62\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18791","DOI":"10.1039\/c3ra43532f","volume":"3","author":"Lu","year":"2013","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit63\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2023.159222","volume":"651","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit64\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matchemphys.2023.128192","volume":"308","author":"Khan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mater. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit65\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16189","DOI":"10.1038\/nenergy.2016.189","volume":"2","author":"Grimaud","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Energy"},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit66\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9007","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.9b01270","volume":"7","author":"Zou","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng."},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit67\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-0564(02)45013-4","volume-title":"Impact of Surface Science on Catalysis","volume":"45","author":"Hammer","year":"2000","unstructured":"B.Hammer  and  J. K.N\u00f8rskov , in  Impact of Surface Science on Catalysis ,  Academic Press ,  2000 , vol.  45 ,  pp. 71\u2013129"},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit68\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11558","DOI":"10.1039\/C4CC04824E","volume":"50","author":"Sawy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit69\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18439","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.3c04785","volume":"145","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit70\/1","first-page":"101160","volume":"27","author":"Guo","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. New Mater. Electrochem. Syst."},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit71\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8946","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-63992-0","volume":"16","author":"Ka","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit72\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9006","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5c22283","volume":"148","author":"Korm\u00e1nyos","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit73\/1","first-page":"2095","volume":"30","author":"da Silva","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Braz. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit74\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.elecom.2007.07.031","volume":"9","author":"Cao","year":"2007","journal-title":"Electrochem. Commun."},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit75\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14884","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2011.03.035","volume":"36","author":"Tayal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrogen Energy"},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit76\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2231","DOI":"10.1039\/D0QI00233J","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem. Front."},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit77\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3003","DOI":"10.1007\/s10008-014-2493-0","volume":"18","author":"Murawska","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Solid State Electrochem."},{"key":"D6RA04858G\/cit78\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1039\/C5CY01054C","volume":"6","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Catal. Sci. Technol."}],"container-title":["RSC Advances"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/RA\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1039\/D6RA04858G\/0\/D6RA04858G.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T12:30:22Z","timestamp":1791376222000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/RA\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1039\/D6RA04858G"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":78,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/d6ra04858g","relation":{},"ISSN":["2046-2069"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2046-2069","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}