{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T16:59:51Z","timestamp":1791392391898,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)","issue":"44","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":258,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["rsc.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["RSC Adv."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis was developed as an intensified strategy for producing cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from cotton-derived cellulose.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1039\/d6ra05553b","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T12:06:23Z","timestamp":1789560383000},"page":"55480-55503","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/rsc_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Microwave-assisted H\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    SO\n                    <sub>4<\/sub>\n                    and H\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    SO\n                    <sub>4<\/sub>\n                    \/HNO\n                    <sub>3<\/sub>\n                    hydrolysis for process-intensified cellulose nanocrystal production with structural evolution and surface functionalization"],"prefix":"10.1039","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4531-894X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chakkaphan","family":"Pho-ngernngam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, School of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8627-0631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ekarat","family":"Detsri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, School of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand"},{"name":"Integrated Applied Chemistry Research Unit, School of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6638-2673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piyathida","family":"Thaipukdee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, School of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5349-1155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nawasit","family":"Chotsaeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, School of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand"},{"name":"Advanced Pure and Applied Chemistry Research Unit, School of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4740-821X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suparat","family":"Rukchonlatee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, School of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand"},{"name":"Polymer Synthesis and Functional Materials Research Unit, School of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5484-989X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arjnarong","family":"Mathaweesansurn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, School of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand"},{"name":"Applied Analytical Chemistry Research Unit, School of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"292","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"D6RA05553B\/cit1\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e05486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e05486","volume":"6","author":"Kusmono","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"D6RA05553B\/cit2\/1","first-page":"69","volume":"97","author":"Amirah Badi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mater. Today: Proc."},{"issue":"2","key":"D6RA05553B\/cit3\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.9b01584","volume":"21","author":"Daicho","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"issue":"12","key":"D6RA05553B\/cit4\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1002\/polb.23490","volume":"52","author":"Mariano","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Polym. Sci., Part B:Polym. Phys."},{"key":"D6RA05553B\/cit5\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2018.08.045","volume":"108","author":"Ferreira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Polym. J."},{"key":"D6RA05553B\/cit6\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118668","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2021.118668","volume":"275","author":"Mali","year":"2022","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"D6RA05553B\/cit7\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1186\/s42269-025-01349-9","volume":"49","author":"Sonowal","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bull. Natl. Res. Cent."},{"key":"D6RA05553B\/cit8\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.094","volume":"184","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"D6RA05553B\/cit9\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127630","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.127630","volume":"311","author":"Hammouda","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cleaner Prod."},{"issue":"3","key":"D6RA05553B\/cit10\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136949","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.136949","volume":"282","author":"Kassie","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"D6RA05553B\/cit11\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coco.2025.102258","volume":"54","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Compos. Commun."},{"key":"D6RA05553B\/cit12\/1","first-page":"100164","volume":"5","author":"Shojaeiarani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Compos., Part C: Open Access"},{"key":"D6RA05553B\/cit13\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100767","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceja.2025.100767","volume":"22","author":"Khan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J. Adv."},{"key":"D6RA05553B\/cit14\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2023.117543","volume":"205","author":"Du","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"issue":"1","key":"D6RA05553B\/cit15\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146672","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.146672","volume":"322","author":"Reddy","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"D6RA05553B\/cit16\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtcomm.2026.115362","volume":"53","author":"Tajim","year":"2026","journal-title":"Mater. Today Commun."},{"key":"D6RA05553B\/cit17\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121057","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2023.121057","volume":"317","author":"Barhoum","year":"2023","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"issue":"3","key":"D6RA05553B\/cit18\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.136426","volume":"308","author":"Bai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"D6RA05553B\/cit19\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2016.04.134","volume":"233","author":"Sadasivuni","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, B"},{"key":"D6RA05553B\/cit20\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102626","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rechem.2025.102626","volume":"17","author":"Ismardi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Results Chem."},{"key":"D6RA05553B\/cit21\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2022.141175","volume":"457","author":"Fan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"D6RA05553B\/cit22\/1","first-page":"100916","volume":"11","author":"A Rafee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym. Technol. Appl."},{"key":"D6RA05553B\/cit23\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.077","volume":"221","author":"Kumar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"issue":"4","key":"D6RA05553B\/cit24\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.135200","volume":"278","author":"Babaei-Ghazvini","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"D6RA05553B\/cit25\/1","first-page":"101125","volume":"14","author":"Riccioni","year":"2026","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym. Technol. Appl."},{"issue":"20","key":"D6RA05553B\/cit26\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e39184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39184","volume":"10","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"53","key":"D6RA05553B\/cit27\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33486","DOI":"10.1039\/C7RA06222B","volume":"7","author":"Gong","year":"2017","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"D6RA05553B\/cit28\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1866","DOI":"10.3390\/polym16131866","volume":"16","author":"Zulnazri","year":"2024","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"key":"D6RA05553B\/cit29\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4656","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.6b03194","volume":"5","author":"Cheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"D6RA05553B\/cit30\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2019.115701","volume":"231","author":"Cheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"issue":"18","key":"D6RA05553B\/cit31\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10764","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231810764","volume":"23","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"D6RA05553B\/cit32\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115933","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2022.115933","volume":"192","author":"Kumari","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"D6RA05553B\/cit33\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2019.115114","volume":"223","author":"Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"D6RA05553B\/cit34\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2015.01.008","volume":"75","author":"Ng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Composites, Part B"},{"issue":"14","key":"D6RA05553B\/cit35\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3408","DOI":"10.1039\/C7GC01378G","volume":"19","author":"de Melo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Green Chem."},{"issue":"32","key":"D6RA05553B\/cit36\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11728","DOI":"10.1021\/ja4056273","volume":"135","author":"Fan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"D6RA05553B\/cit37\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117170","volume":"253","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"D6RA05553B\/cit38\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2579","DOI":"10.1007\/s10570-014-0315-2","volume":"21","author":"Kos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cellulose"},{"issue":"1","key":"D6RA05553B\/cit39\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17960","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-03373-1","volume":"15","author":"Seo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"D6RA05553B\/cit40\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2017.03.004","volume":"99","author":"Singh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"D6RA05553B\/cit41\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2632","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.6b00126","volume":"4","author":"Yu","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS\nSustain. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"D6RA05553B\/cit42\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiotec.2025.08.018","volume":"408","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Biotechnol."},{"key":"D6RA05553B\/cit43\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9661","DOI":"10.1007\/s10570-024-06180-5","volume":"31","author":"Lim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cellulose"},{"key":"D6RA05553B\/cit44\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2014.04.001","volume":"111","author":"Chimentao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"issue":"34","key":"D6RA05553B\/cit45\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8971","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpca.5b04890","volume":"119","author":"Dall'Oglio","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. A"},{"issue":"13","key":"D6RA05553B\/cit46\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4757","DOI":"10.1021\/ie0507631","volume":"45","author":"Huang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"D6RA05553B\/cit47\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2497910","DOI":"10.1080\/15440478.2025.2497910","volume":"22","author":"Madhushree","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Nat. Fibers"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"D6RA05553B\/cit48\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2025.124109","volume":"368","author":"Abdel Aziz","year":"2025","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"D6RA05553B\/cit49\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2014.05.029","volume":"111","author":"Xu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"issue":"4","key":"D6RA05553B\/cit50\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1630","DOI":"10.1039\/C3RA44516J","volume":"4","author":"Cui","year":"2014","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"D6RA05553B\/cit51\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100076","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtnano.2020.100076","volume":"11","author":"Kumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater. Today Nano"},{"issue":"8","key":"D6RA05553B\/cit52\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3243","DOI":"10.1007\/s10570-017-1339-1","volume":"24","author":"Cheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cellulose"},{"issue":"18","key":"D6RA05553B\/cit53\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6417","DOI":"10.1039\/D2CS00569G","volume":"52","author":"Salem","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"issue":"4","key":"D6RA05553B\/cit54\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1007\/s10570-012-9714-4","volume":"19","author":"Yue","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cellulose"},{"issue":"7","key":"D6RA05553B\/cit55\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3553","DOI":"10.1007\/s10570-020-03036-6","volume":"27","author":"Nomura","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cellulose"},{"key":"D6RA05553B\/cit56\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2019.105266","volume":"98","author":"Abral","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Hydrocolloids"},{"key":"D6RA05553B\/cit57\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116233","volume":"239","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"D6RA05553B\/cit58\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117018","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117018","volume":"251","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"issue":"17","key":"D6RA05553B\/cit59\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10051","DOI":"10.1007\/s10570-025-06830-2","volume":"32","author":"Yan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cellulose"},{"key":"D6RA05553B\/cit60\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116180","volume":"238","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"D6RA05553B\/cit61\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2023.121485","volume":"324","author":"Tang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."}],"container-title":["RSC Advances"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/RA\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1039\/D6RA05553B\/0\/D6RA05553B.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T16:39:34Z","timestamp":1791391174000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/RA\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1039\/D6RA05553B"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"44","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/d6ra05553b","relation":{},"ISSN":["2046-2069"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2046-2069","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}