{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T13:40:57Z","timestamp":1792503657672,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":292,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["rsc.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["RSC Adv."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    CdS-modified TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    thick films were analysed using AFM fractal parameters and evaluated for acetone sensing at 5000 ppm. The 2 wt% CdS\u2013TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    sensor achieved a 71% response, highlighting the role of surface morphology in gas-sensing performance.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1039\/d6ra06387j","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T12:56:27Z","timestamp":1792500987000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/rsc_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Surface morphology-driven gas sensing performance of CdS-modified TiO\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    thick film: a study based on fractal concepts"],"prefix":"10.1039","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5452-7877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ankit Kumar","family":"Vishwakarma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Rajendra College, Jai Prakash University, Chapra-841301, India"},{"name":"Department of Physics, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur-273009, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajaya Kumar","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur-273009, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ram Pratap","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Allahabad Degree College, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj-211003, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pradip Kumar","family":"Priya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Ewing Christian College, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj-211003, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madhvi","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, B. R. M. College, Munger University, Munger-841301, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lallan","family":"Yadava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur-273009, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"292","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"reference":[{"key":"D6RA06387J\/cit1\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.3390\/fractalfract6030135","volume":"6","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fractal Fract."},{"key":"D6RA06387J\/cit2\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14587","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2021.3072621","volume":"21","author":"Tian","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"D6RA06387J\/cit3\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2017.03.226","volume":"710","author":"Albores","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"D6RA06387J\/cit4\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mssp.2018.05.030","volume":"85","author":"Talu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Semicond. Process"},{"key":"D6RA06387J\/cit5\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matchemphys.2021.124647","volume":"267","author":"Kumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mater. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"D6RA06387J\/cit6\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22827","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.1c06668","volume":"125","author":"Yadav","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"D6RA06387J\/cit7\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tsf.2014.04.005","volume":"562","author":"Yadav","year":"2014","journal-title":"Thin Solid Films"},{"key":"D6RA06387J\/cit8\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.materresbull.2019.110574","volume":"120","author":"Kavyashree","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mater. Res. Bull."},{"issue":"18","key":"D6RA06387J\/cit9\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21127","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c05173","volume":"12","author":"Staerz","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"D6RA06387J\/cit10\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2007.01.047","volume":"125","author":"Patil","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, B"},{"key":"D6RA06387J\/cit11\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-207X(01)00129-4","volume":"61","author":"Bene","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vacuum"},{"key":"D6RA06387J\/cit12\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vacuum.2015.11.010","volume":"124","author":"Wei","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vacuum"},{"key":"D6RA06387J\/cit13\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mlblux.2023.100184","volume":"l17","author":"Vishwakarma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mater. Lett.:X"},{"key":"D6RA06387J\/cit14\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2013.09.015","volume":"190","author":"Meng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, B"},{"key":"D6RA06387J\/cit15\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1186\/1556-276X-9-118","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nanoscale Res. Lett."},{"key":"D6RA06387J\/cit16\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2007.04.048","volume":"127","author":"Rella","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, B"},{"key":"D6RA06387J\/cit17\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2018.06.055","volume":"273","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, B"},{"key":"D6RA06387J\/cit18\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2012.06.002","volume":"171\u2013172","author":"Singh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, B"},{"key":"D6RA06387J\/cit19\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2025.138431","volume":"444","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, B"},{"key":"D6RA06387J\/cit20\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vacuum.2018.03.008","volume":"152","author":"Bindra","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vacuum"},{"key":"D6RA06387J\/cit21\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2022.131531","volume":"358","author":"Staerz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, B"},{"key":"D6RA06387J\/cit22\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2016.11.298","volume":"696","author":"Park","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"D6RA06387J\/cit23\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2007.09.020","volume":"38","author":"Yadava","year":"2007","journal-title":"Microelectron. J."},{"key":"D6RA06387J\/cit24\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3034","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tsf.2011.10.158","volume":"520","author":"Yadava","year":"2012","journal-title":"Thin Solid Films"},{"key":"D6RA06387J\/cit25\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2014.07.079","volume":"204","author":"Bayata","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, B"},{"key":"D6RA06387J\/cit26\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4005(00)00314-2","volume":"66","author":"Yamada","year":"2000","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, B"},{"key":"D6RA06387J\/cit27\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-0248(95)00972-8","volume":"163","author":"Hata","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Cryst. Growth"},{"key":"D6RA06387J\/cit28\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vacuum.2019.04.040","volume":"165","author":"Vishwakarma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vacuum"},{"key":"D6RA06387J\/cit29\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2014.05.086","volume":"312","author":"Dallaevaa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"D6RA06387J\/cit30\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1166\/mat.2015.1275","volume":"4","author":"Yadav","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mater. Focus"},{"key":"D6RA06387J\/cit31\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-2789(88)90081-4","volume":"31","author":"Higuchi","year":"1988","journal-title":"Phys. D"},{"key":"D6RA06387J\/cit32\/1","first-page":"209","volume-title":"Proceedings of Biosignals","author":"Sourina","year":"2011","unstructured":"O.Sourina  and  Y.Liu ,  A Fractal-Based Algorithm of Emotion Recognition from EEG Using Arousal-Valence Model ,  Proceedings of Biosignals ,  2011 ,  pp. 209\u2013214"},{"key":"D6RA06387J\/cit33\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-011-0768-5","volume":"49","author":"Hinrikus","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med. Biol. Eng. Comput."},{"key":"D6RA06387J\/cit34\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2008.06.010","volume":"31","author":"G\u00b4omez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med. Eng. Phys."},{"key":"D6RA06387J\/cit35\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1109\/IC3I.2014.7019676","author":"Pavithra","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Xplore"},{"key":"D6RA06387J\/cit36\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2018.07.062","volume":"458","author":"Feng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"D6RA06387J\/cit37\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-8297-0_28","author":"Mwema","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lect. Notes Mech. Eng."},{"key":"D6RA06387J\/cit38\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surfcoat.2021.127420","volume":"421","author":"Das","year":"2021","journal-title":"Surf. Coat. Technol."},{"key":"D6RA06387J\/cit39\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surfin.2020.100650","volume":"21","author":"Talu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Surf. Interface"},{"key":"D6RA06387J\/cit40\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1088\/0022-3727\/40\/4\/024","volume":"40","author":"Guisbiers","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys."},{"key":"D6RA06387J\/cit41\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.2007.A0910","volume":"8","author":"Gang","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Zhejiang Univ.: Sci. A"},{"key":"D6RA06387J\/cit42\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4833","DOI":"10.1002\/2015GL064460","volume":"42","author":"Wei","year":"2015","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"D6RA06387J\/cit43\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10175","DOI":"10.1038\/srep10175","volume":"5","author":"de Assis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"D6RA06387J\/cit44\/1","volume-title":"Theory of Adsorption","author":"Morrison","year":"1975","unstructured":"R. S.Morrison ,  Theory of Adsorption ,  Academic Press ,  New York ,  1975 , ch. 4"},{"key":"D6RA06387J\/cit45\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-2692(98)00019-6","volume":"29","author":"Mishra","year":"1998","journal-title":"Microelectron. J."},{"key":"D6RA06387J\/cit46\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matlet.2014.04.046","volume":"126","author":"Yadav","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mater. Lett."},{"key":"D6RA06387J\/cit47\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2005.04.036","volume":"36","author":"Kante","year":"2005","journal-title":"Microelectron. J."},{"key":"D6RA06387J\/cit48\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2007.07.036","volume":"128","author":"Yamazoe","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, B"},{"key":"D6RA06387J\/cit49\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2016.09.039","volume":"692","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"D6RA06387J\/cit50\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2019.143758","volume":"497","author":"Janbandhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"D6RA06387J\/cit51\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vacuum.2021.110363","volume":"191","author":"Vishwakarma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vacuum"},{"key":"D6RA06387J\/cit52\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/s00339-024-07289-x","volume":"130","author":"Yadav","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. A"},{"key":"D6RA06387J\/cit53\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"012020","DOI":"10.1088\/1757-899X\/404\/1\/012020","volume":"404","author":"Vishwakarma","year":"2018","journal-title":"IOP Conf. Ser.:Mater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"D6RA06387J\/cit54\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2016.07.094","volume":"238","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, B"},{"key":"D6RA06387J\/cit55\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16459","DOI":"10.1039\/d4ra01888e","volume":"14","author":"Vishwakarma","year":"2024","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"D6RA06387J\/cit56\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1007\/s10854-026-17673-3","volume":"37","author":"Vishwakarma","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron."},{"key":"D6RA06387J\/cit57\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"012118","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/1921\/1\/012118","volume":"1921","author":"Vishwakarma","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Phys.: Conf. Ser."},{"issue":"1","key":"D6RA06387J\/cit58\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.4103\/2229-5186.79345","volume":"2","author":"Shrivastava","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chron. Young Sci."},{"key":"D6RA06387J\/cit59\/1","volume-title":"The Fractal Geometry of Nature","author":"Mandelbrot","year":"1982","unstructured":"B. B.Mandelbrot ,  W. H.Freeman ,  The Fractal Geometry of Nature ,  1982"},{"key":"D6RA06387J\/cit60\/1","volume-title":"Fractals, Scaling and Growth Far from Equilibrium","author":"Meakin","year":"1998","unstructured":"P.Meakin , \u201c Fractals, Scaling and Growth Far from Equilibrium ,\u201d  Cambridge University Press ,  1998"},{"issue":"1","key":"D6RA06387J\/cit61\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1039\/d0cs00150c","volume":"50","author":"Rohaizad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"D6RA06387J\/cit62\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1007\/s10876-025-02869-0","volume":"36","author":"Xie","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Cluster Sci."},{"issue":"51","key":"D6RA06387J\/cit63\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38302","DOI":"10.1039\/d4ra05824k","volume":"14","author":"Vishwakarma","year":"2024","journal-title":"RSC Adv."}],"container-title":["RSC Advances"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/RA\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1039\/D6RA06387J\/0\/D6RA06387J.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T12:56:28Z","timestamp":1792500988000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/RA\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1039\/D6RA06387J"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":63,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/d6ra06387j","relation":{},"ISSN":["2046-2069"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2046-2069","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}