{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T20:44:24Z","timestamp":1792010664366,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)","issue":"45","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":267,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000160","name":"Division of Earth Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000160","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006224","name":"Argonne National Laboratory","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006224","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BA4020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BA4020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BY101\/2-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BY101\/2-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BY112\/2-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BY112\/2-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["WI1232"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WI1232"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022604","name":"Johanna Quandt Stiftung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022604","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006231","name":"Brookhaven National Laboratory","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006231","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100023719","name":"German-American Fulbright Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100023719","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016648","name":"Solar Energy and Energy Storage","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016648","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["rsc.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["RSC Adv."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    CO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    -\n                    <jats:italic>Pnma<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a low temperature carbonic acid polymorph, which can occur at the same pressure (\u223c9 GPa) than the high-temperature phase H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    CO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    -\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    2\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The crystal structure of H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    CO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    -\n                    <jats:italic>Pnma<\/jats:italic>\n                    was refined from synchrotron single crystal diffraction data.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1039\/d6ra06420e","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T15:29:13Z","timestamp":1790350153000},"page":"57695-57701","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/rsc_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Polymorphism of carbonic acid (H\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    CO\n                    <sub>3<\/sub>\n                    ) at low pressures"],"prefix":"10.1039","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0489-5270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominik","family":"Spahr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute of Geosciences, Altenh\u00f6ferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany"},{"name":"Stony Brook University, Department of Geosciences, 255 Earth & Space Science Building, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2100, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3119-4464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lukas","family":"Br\u00fcning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Max-von-Laue-Stra\u00dfe 7, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Ehm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stony Brook University, Department of Geosciences, 255 Earth & Space Science Building, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2100, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5513-591X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lkhamsuren","family":"Bayarjargal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute of Geosciences, Altenh\u00f6ferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maxim","family":"Bykov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Max-von-Laue-Stra\u00dfe 7, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2258-1347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor","family":"Milman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dassault Syst\u00e8mes BIOVIA, 22 Cambridge Science Park, CB4 0FJ Cambridge, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9270-2330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vitali B.","family":"Prakapenka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Chicago, GeoSoilEnviroCARS, Chicago, IL 60637, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stella","family":"Chariton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Chicago, GeoSoilEnviroCARS, Chicago, IL 60637, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenxian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois Chicago, Department of Physics, Chicago, IL 60607\u20137059, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bj\u00f6rn","family":"Winkler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute of Geosciences, Altenh\u00f6ferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8652-024X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Bykova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute of Geosciences, Altenh\u00f6ferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"292","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"reference":[{"key":"D6RA06420E\/cit1\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1016\/S0032-0633(96)00079-7","volume":"44","author":"Strazzulla","year":"1996","journal-title":"Planet. Space Sci."},{"key":"D6RA06420E\/cit2\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1126\/science.279.5355.1332","volume":"279","author":"Hage","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"D6RA06420E\/cit3\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/788\/2\/170","volume":"788","author":"Jones","year":"2014","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"D6RA06420E\/cit4\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/ace523","volume":"954","author":"Sanz-Novo","year":"2023","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"D6RA06420E\/cit5\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1038\/s41550-023-02107-5","volume":"8","author":"Tosi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Astron."},{"key":"D6RA06420E\/cit6\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1039\/b516786h","volume":"113","author":"Crovisier","year":"2006","journal-title":"Faraday Discuss."},{"key":"D6RA06420E\/cit7\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2737","DOI":"10.1080\/00268970600836127","volume":"104","author":"Crovisier","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Phys."},{"key":"D6RA06420E\/cit8\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A155","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202449846","volume":"688","author":"Schiltz","year":"2024","journal-title":"A&A"},{"key":"D6RA06420E\/cit9\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adg4155","volume":"381","author":"Trumbo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"D6RA06420E\/cit10\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-marine-040323-101355","volume":"16","author":"Soderlund","year":"2024","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"D6RA06420E\/cit11\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/s11214-019-0633-7","volume":"216","author":"Journaux","year":"2020","journal-title":"Space Sci. Rev."},{"key":"D6RA06420E\/cit12\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8247","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-51826-4","volume":"15","author":"Protopapa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"D6RA06420E\/cit13\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-3881\/adda2e","volume":"170","author":"Mayo","year":"2025","journal-title":"AJ"},{"key":"D6RA06420E\/cit14\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L22","DOI":"10.3847\/2041-8213\/ad5204","volume":"968","author":"Damiano","year":"2024","journal-title":"ApJL"},{"key":"D6RA06420E\/cit15\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2403.03325","volume-title":"arXiv","author":"Benneke","year":"2024","unstructured":"B.Benneke ,  P.-A.Roy ,  L.-P.Coulombe ,  M.Radica ,  C.Piaulet ,  E.-M.Ahrer ,  R.Pierrehumbert ,  J.Krissansen-Totton ,  H. E.Schlichting ,  R.Hu ,  J.Yang ,  D.Christie ,  D.Thorngren ,  E. D.Young ,  S.Pelletier ,  H. A.Knutson ,  Y.Miguel ,  T. M.Evans-Soma ,  C.Dorn ,  A.Gagnebin ,  J. J.Fortney ,  T.Komacek ,  R.MacDonald ,  E.Raul ,  R.Cloutier ,  L.Acuna ,  D.Lafreni\u00e9re ,  C.Cadieux ,  R.Doyon ,  L.Welbanks  and  R.Allart ,  arXiv ,  2024 , preprint, arXiv:2403.03325,  10.48550\/arXiv.2403.03325"},{"key":"D6RA06420E\/cit16\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32486","DOI":"10.1038\/srep32486","volume":"6","author":"Saleh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"D6RA06420E\/cit17\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19902","DOI":"10.1038\/srep19902","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"D6RA06420E\/cit18\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.3390\/inorganics10090132","volume":"10","author":"Benz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Inorganics"},{"key":"D6RA06420E\/cit19\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-00915-0","volume":"7","author":"Abramson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"D6RA06420E\/cit20\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.2138\/am-2018-6554","volume":"103","author":"Abramson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. Mineral."},{"key":"D6RA06420E\/cit21\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202403953","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202403953","volume":"63","author":"Berni","year":"2024","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"D6RA06420E\/cit22\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22769","DOI":"10.1039\/D5SC02241J","volume":"16","author":"Berni","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem. Sci."},{"key":"D6RA06420E\/cit23\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202501964","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.202501964","volume":"31","author":"Spahr","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem. Eur. J."},{"key":"D6RA06420E\/cit24\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1038\/s42004-025-01614-y","volume":"8","author":"Spahr","year":"2025","journal-title":"Commun. Chem."},{"key":"D6RA06420E\/cit25\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/ab68e4","volume":"890","author":"Marounina","year":"2020","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"D6RA06420E\/cit26\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaeb9271","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aeb9271","volume":"12","author":"Deng","year":"2026","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"D6RA06420E\/cit27\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11766","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201406969","volume":"53","author":"Reisenauer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"D6RA06420E\/cit28\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1126\/science.263.5145.356","volume":"263","author":"Aoki","year":"1994","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"D6RA06420E\/cit29\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.57.879","volume":"57","author":"Olijnyk","year":"1998","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys."},{"key":"D6RA06420E\/cit30\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"065701","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.126.065701","volume":"126","author":"Scelta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"D6RA06420E\/cit31\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1209\/0295-5075\/13\/1\/014","volume":"13","author":"Pruzan","year":"1990","journal-title":"Europhys. Lett."},{"key":"D6RA06420E\/cit32\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8532","DOI":"10.1038\/srep08532","volume":"5","author":"Hsieh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"D6RA06420E\/cit33\/1","first-page":"345","volume":"30","author":"Draper","year":"1847","journal-title":"Dublin Philos. Mag. J. Sci."},{"key":"D6RA06420E\/cit34\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3161","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-23403-6","volume":"12","author":"Hansen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"D6RA06420E\/cit35\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pepi.2018.05.002","volume":"281","author":"Bayarjargal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phys. Earth Planet. Inter."},{"key":"D6RA06420E\/cit36\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"075111","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4813704","volume":"84","author":"Du","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Instrum."},{"key":"D6RA06420E\/cit37\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2750","DOI":"10.1107\/S0567740880009879","volume":"B36","author":"Simon","year":"1980","journal-title":"Acta Crystallogr."},{"key":"D6RA06420E\/cit38\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1107\/S2052252525002581","volume":"12","author":"Gajda","year":"2025","journal-title":"IUCrJ"},{"key":"D6RA06420E\/cit39\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202409822","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202409822","volume":"63","author":"Spahr","year":"2024","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"D6RA06420E\/cit40\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19146","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.inorgchem.5c03153","volume":"64","author":"Spahr","year":"2025","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"D6RA06420E\/cit41\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1524\/zkri.216.2.99.20333","volume":"216","author":"Milman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Z. Kristallogr."},{"key":"D6RA06420E\/cit42\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/766\/2\/117","volume":"766","author":"Poteet","year":"2013","journal-title":"ApJ"},{"key":"D6RA06420E\/cit43\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"024108","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.68.024108","volume":"68","author":"Song","year":"2003","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys."},{"key":"D6RA06420E\/cit44\/1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","year":"2026","unstructured":"CCDC 2566151: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination ,  2026 ,  10.5517\/ccdc.csd.cc2s492b","DOI":"10.5517\/ccdc.csd.cc2s492b"}],"container-title":["RSC Advances"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/RA\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1039\/D6RA06420E\/0\/D6RA06420E.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/RA\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1039\/D6RA06420E\/0\/D6RA06420E.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T19:49:38Z","timestamp":1792007378000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/RA\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1039\/D6RA06420E"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"45","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/d6ra06420e","relation":{},"ISSN":["2046-2069"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2046-2069","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}