{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T08:56:11Z","timestamp":1790844971632,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)","issue":"43","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":249,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["rsc.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["RSC Adv."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Photocatalytic water splitting has emerged as a promising technology for sustainable green hydrogen production because it directly converts solar energy into chemical energy under mild operating conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1039\/d6ra06815d","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T14:00:46Z","timestamp":1788789646000},"page":"51851-51872","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/rsc_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Water quality as an economic barrier to photocatalytic green hydrogen production"],"prefix":"10.1039","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6217-3260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Afsar","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Sel\u00e7uk University, 42030, Konya, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2086-9147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Munevver","family":"Tuna Genc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Sel\u00e7uk University, 42030, Konya, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Imren Hatay","family":"Patir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Sel\u00e7uk University, 42030, Konya, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mustafa","family":"Ersoz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Sel\u00e7uk University, 42030, Konya, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"292","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"reference":[{"key":"D6RA06815D\/cit1\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1038\/s43586-023-00226-x","volume":"3","author":"Nishioka","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Methods Primers"},{"key":"D6RA06815D\/cit2\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1039\/C8EE01157E","volume":"12","author":"Staffell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"D6RA06815D\/cit3\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.9b00201","volume":"120","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"D6RA06815D\/cit4\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-019-0399-z","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"D6RA06815D\/cit5\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1038\/238037a0","volume":"238","author":"Fujishima","year":"1972","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"D6RA06815D\/cit6\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2341","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-026-68848-9","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"D6RA06815D\/cit7\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2278-9","volume":"581","author":"Takata","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"D6RA06815D\/cit8\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3167","DOI":"10.1021\/acsenergylett.1c01375","volume":"6","author":"Beswick","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Energy Lett."},{"key":"D6RA06815D\/cit9\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3847","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2019.12.059","volume":"45","author":"Dawood","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrogen Energy"},{"key":"D6RA06815D\/cit10\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1038\/s41929-019-0242-6","volume":"2","author":"Hisatomi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Catal."},{"key":"D6RA06815D\/cit11\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578-025-00823-0","volume":"10","author":"Hisatomi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mater."},{"key":"D6RA06815D\/cit12\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2019.02.051","volume":"249","author":"Tian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Catal., B"},{"key":"D6RA06815D\/cit13\/1","first-page":"012048","volume":"2385","author":"Baldinelli","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Phys.: Conf. Ser."},{"key":"D6RA06815D\/cit14\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2400336","DOI":"10.1002\/adsu.202400336","volume":"8","author":"Chauhan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Sustainable Syst."},{"key":"D6RA06815D\/cit15\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1039\/D2SE01517J","volume":"7","author":"Becker","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sustainable Energy Fuels"},{"key":"D6RA06815D\/cit16\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.memsci.2026.125424","volume":"749","author":"Zhao","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Membr. Sci."},{"key":"D6RA06815D\/cit17\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3847","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2019.12.059","volume":"45","author":"Dawood","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrogen Energy"},{"key":"D6RA06815D\/cit18\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1038\/35104599","volume":"414","author":"Dresselhaus","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"D6RA06815D\/cit19\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trechm.2020.06.006","volume":"2","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Chem."},{"key":"D6RA06815D\/cit20\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1007\/s42452-026-08508-1","volume":"8","author":"Asif","year":"2026","journal-title":"Discover Appl. Sci."},{"key":"D6RA06815D\/cit21\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100726","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ref.2025.100726","volume":"55","author":"Sawhney","year":"2025","journal-title":"Renew. Energy Focus"},{"key":"D6RA06815D\/cit22\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7520","DOI":"10.1039\/C3CS60378D","volume":"43","author":"Hisatomi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"D6RA06815D\/cit23\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2010.08.028","volume":"92","author":"Ahmed","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manage."},{"key":"D6RA06815D\/cit24\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2997","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2010.02.039","volume":"44","author":"Chong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"D6RA06815D\/cit25\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2404618","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202404618","volume":"36","author":"Gunawan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"D6RA06815D\/cit26\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115684","volume":"175","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"D6RA06815D\/cit27\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1039\/B800489G","volume":"38","author":"Kudo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"D6RA06815D\/cit28\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2024.131159","volume":"365","author":"Molaei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"D6RA06815D\/cit29\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1515\/revce-2024-0093","volume":"41","author":"Qudsieh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Rev. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"D6RA06815D\/cit30\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2405","DOI":"10.1007\/s10311-024-01756-w","volume":"22","author":"Kumar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"D6RA06815D\/cit31\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145066","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2023.145066","volume":"472","author":"Yan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"D6RA06815D\/cit32\/1","first-page":"e70035","volume":"15","author":"S\u00e1nchez","year":"2026","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip. Rev.:Energy Environ."},{"key":"D6RA06815D\/cit33\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2404235","DOI":"10.1080\/17518253.2024.2404235","volume":"17","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Green Chem. Lett. Rev."},{"key":"D6RA06815D\/cit34\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2655","DOI":"10.1021\/jz1007966","volume":"1","author":"Maeda","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"D6RA06815D\/cit35\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1039\/D0CS00526F","volume":"50","author":"Kranz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"D6RA06815D\/cit36\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116750","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2023.116750","volume":"279","author":"Maurya","year":"2023","journal-title":"Energy Convers. Manage."},{"key":"D6RA06815D\/cit37\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.9b00201","volume":"120","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"D6RA06815D\/cit38\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-6030(97)00118-4","volume":"108","author":"Mills","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol., A"},{"key":"D6RA06815D\/cit39\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159871","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2021.159871","volume":"873","author":"Ding","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"D6RA06815D\/cit40\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2022.153444","volume":"596","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"D6RA06815D\/cit41\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2022.120147","volume":"366","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Mol. Liq."},{"key":"D6RA06815D\/cit42\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1039\/D5NJ04357C","volume":"50","author":"Lu","year":"2026","journal-title":"New J. Chem."},{"key":"D6RA06815D\/cit43\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2836","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-026-69583-x","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"D6RA06815D\/cit44\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2024.124527","volume":"360","author":"Yan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Appl. Catal., B"},{"key":"D6RA06815D\/cit45\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40282","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5c11004","volume":"147","author":"Waiba","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"D6RA06815D\/cit46\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1515\/revce-2024-0093","volume":"41","author":"Qudsieh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Rev. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"D6RA06815D\/cit47\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1080\/10643389.2024.2317112","volume":"54","author":"Piwowarska","year":"2024","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"D6RA06815D\/cit48\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4503","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-026-71139-y","volume":"17","author":"Lin","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"3","key":"D6RA06815D\/cit49\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1177\/10241221251413990","volume":"25","author":"Alhussaini","year":"2026","journal-title":"Main Group Chem."},{"key":"D6RA06815D\/cit50\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701503","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.201701503","volume":"8","author":"Fu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Energy Mater."},{"key":"D6RA06815D\/cit51\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1021\/cm7024203","volume":"20","author":"Osterloh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"D6RA06815D\/cit52\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2201842","DOI":"10.1002\/admi.202201842","volume":"10","author":"Mu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"D6RA06815D\/cit53\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2230","DOI":"10.1039\/D5CY01515D","volume":"16","author":"Khan","year":"2026","journal-title":"Catal. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"D6RA06815D\/cit54\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surfrep.2011.01.001","volume":"66","author":"Henderson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Surf. Sci. Rep."},{"key":"D6RA06815D\/cit55\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108961","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surfin.2026.108961","author":"Beniwal","year":"2026","journal-title":"Surf. Interfaces"},{"key":"D6RA06815D\/cit56\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.4c00582","volume":"58","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"key":"D6RA06815D\/cit57\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1021\/cr100454n","volume":"112","author":"Kubacka","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"D6RA06815D\/cit58\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.3390\/catal14040217","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Catalysts"},{"key":"D6RA06815D\/cit59\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8558","DOI":"10.1029\/2018WR022643","volume":"54","author":"Shen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Water Resour. Res."},{"key":"D6RA06815D\/cit60\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0337-2","volume":"559","author":"Butler","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"D6RA06815D\/cit61\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1038\/s41524-019-0221-0","volume":"5","author":"Schmidt","year":"2019","journal-title":"npj Comput. Mater."},{"key":"D6RA06815D\/cit62\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2405","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2018.2873186","volume":"15","author":"Tao","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ind. Inf."},{"key":"D6RA06815D\/cit63\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06599","volume":"452","author":"Shannon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"D6RA06815D\/cit64\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1200488","volume":"333","author":"Elimelech","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"D6RA06815D\/cit65\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/S0269-7491(02)00308-1","volume":"122","author":"Van der Bruggen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"D6RA06815D\/cit66\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2010.11.011","volume":"92","author":"Fu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manage."},{"key":"D6RA06815D\/cit67\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/s10311-018-0786-8","volume":"17","author":"Crini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"D6RA06815D\/cit68\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7209","DOI":"10.1080\/19443994.2015.1022802","volume":"57","author":"Mahmood","year":"2016","journal-title":"Desalin. Water Treat."},{"key":"D6RA06815D\/cit69\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1177\/15579018261427576","volume":"43","author":"Khan","year":"2026","journal-title":"Environ. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"D6RA06815D\/cit70\/1","volume-title":"Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality: Incorporating the First and Second Addenda","author":"W. H. Organization","year":"2022","unstructured":"W. H. Organization ,  Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality: Incorporating the First and Second Addenda ,  World Health Organization ,  2022"},{"key":"D6RA06815D\/cit71\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.12.076","volume":"657","author":"Jones","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"D6RA06815D\/cit72\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2577","DOI":"10.1080\/10643389.2013.829765","volume":"44","author":"Oturan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"D6RA06815D\/cit73\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110924","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cclet.2025.110924","volume":"36","author":"Cao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chin. Chem. Lett."}],"container-title":["RSC Advances"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/RA\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1039\/D6RA06815D\/0\/D6RA06815D.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T08:04:05Z","timestamp":1790841845000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/RA\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1039\/D6RA06815D"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"43","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/d6ra06815d","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1039\/D6RA06815D\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1039\/D6RA06815D\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1039\/D6RA06815D\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1039\/D6RA06815D\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1039\/D6RA06815D\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1039\/D6RA06815D\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2046-2069"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2046-2069","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}