{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T19:51:33Z","timestamp":1792007493184,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)","issue":"45","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":266,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82574588"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82574588"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005892","name":"China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CI2021A04203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CI2021A04203"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005892","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005892","name":"China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CI2024E003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CI2024E003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005892","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005892","name":"China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CI2023C034YGL"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CI2023C034YGL"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005892","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005892","name":"China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CI2023C035YGL"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CI2023C035YGL"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005892","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["rsc.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["RSC Adv."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gastrointestinal (GI) mucosal injury management remains challenging due to the limited specificity and pronounced adverse effects of conventional therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1039\/d6ra07386g","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T10:53:19Z","timestamp":1790247199000},"page":"57201-57213","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/rsc_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Green synthesis of carbon dots from Gardeniae Fructus Carbonisata for enhanced gastrointestinal mucosal protection"],"prefix":"10.1039","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8842-557X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lingbang","family":"Meng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yufeng","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Zhe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiqun","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2496-4026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"292","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"reference":[{"key":"D6RA07386G\/cit1\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8109","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-021-04011-5","volume":"78","author":"Deng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"D6RA07386G\/cit2\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1097\/st9.0000000000000033","volume":"2","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Tradit. Chin. Med."},{"key":"D6RA07386G\/cit3\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2855","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.064","volume":"222","author":"Xie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"D6RA07386G\/cit4\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.10.028","volume":"79","author":"Han","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"D6RA07386G\/cit5\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1543702","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1543702","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"D6RA07386G\/cit6\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1723-3194","volume":"54","author":"Metter","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"D6RA07386G\/cit7\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1039\/D2FO02364D","volume":"14","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"D6RA07386G\/cit8\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2022.05.010","volume":"47","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Ginseng Res."},{"key":"D6RA07386G\/cit9\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9420008","DOI":"10.26599\/FMH.2024.9420008","volume":"1","author":"Ning","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Med. Homol."},{"key":"D6RA07386G\/cit10\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123614","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2023.123614","volume":"648","author":"Subramaniam","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"D6RA07386G\/cit11\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1002\/ueg2.12242","volume":"10","author":"Herlihy","year":"2022","journal-title":"United Eur. Gastroenterol. J."},{"key":"D6RA07386G\/cit12\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12736","DOI":"10.1021\/ja040082h","volume":"126","author":"Xu","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"D6RA07386G\/cit13\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.3390\/nano15161279","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"key":"D6RA07386G\/cit14\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2303937","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202303937","volume":"20","author":"Alafeef","year":"2024","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"D6RA07386G\/cit15\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2019.02.016","volume":"86","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"D6RA07386G\/cit16\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15471","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.1c03886","volume":"15","author":"Wareing","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"D6RA07386G\/cit17\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S338886","volume":"17","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"D6RA07386G\/cit18\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-017-0296-z","volume":"15","author":"Yan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"D6RA07386G\/cit19\/1","first-page":"102690","volume":"29","author":"Song","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Chem.:X"},{"key":"D6RA07386G\/cit20\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1097\/st9.0000000000000017","volume":"1","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Tradit. Chin. Med."},{"key":"D6RA07386G\/cit21\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23573","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.4c00833","volume":"9","author":"Fang","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"D6RA07386G\/cit22\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9245","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.5c01324","volume":"8","author":"Sun","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Bio Mater."},{"key":"D6RA07386G\/cit23\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29283","DOI":"10.1039\/D3RA06293G","volume":"13","author":"Tsai","year":"2023","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"D6RA07386G\/cit24\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23573","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.4c00833","volume":"9","author":"Fang","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"D6RA07386G\/cit25\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2025.114601","volume":"251","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Colloids Surf., B"},{"key":"D6RA07386G\/cit26\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.38212\/2224-6614.3513","volume":"32","author":"Tsai","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Food Drug Anal."},{"key":"D6RA07386G\/cit27\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"045403","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6528\/ac30f1","volume":"33","author":"Smrithi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nanotechnology"},{"key":"D6RA07386G\/cit28\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-020-03049-x","volume":"413","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"D6RA07386G\/cit29\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9420017","DOI":"10.26599\/FMH.2024.9420017","volume":"1","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Med. Homol."},{"key":"D6RA07386G\/cit30\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1097\/st9.0000000000000014","volume":"1","author":"Qin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Tradit. Chin. Med."},{"key":"D6RA07386G\/cit31\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.126594","volume":"253","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"D6RA07386G\/cit32\/1","first-page":"190","volume":"31","author":"Yan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chin. J. Exp. Tradit. Med. Formulae"},{"key":"D6RA07386G\/cit33\/1","first-page":"175","volume":"32","author":"Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"Chin. J. Exp. Tradit. Med. Formulae"},{"key":"D6RA07386G\/cit34\/1","volume-title":"Doctoral Dissertation, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"X.Zhang ,  Doctoral Dissertation, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences ,  2022"},{"key":"D6RA07386G\/cit35\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2024.134554","volume":"698","author":"Althawab","year":"2024","journal-title":"Colloids Surf., A"},{"key":"D6RA07386G\/cit36\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158026","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.158026","volume":"502","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"D6RA07386G\/cit37\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.memsci.2023.122318","volume":"692","author":"Xiao","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Membr. Sci."},{"key":"D6RA07386G\/cit38\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112926","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2022.112926","volume":"220","author":"Pandey","year":"2022","journal-title":"Colloids Surf., B"},{"key":"D6RA07386G\/cit39\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11455","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5b05575","volume":"9","author":"Zheng","year":"2015","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"D6RA07386G\/cit40\/1","first-page":"100218","volume":"3","author":"Shibata","year":"2022","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym. Technol. Appl."},{"key":"D6RA07386G\/cit41\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1662","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29071662","volume":"29","author":"Xing","year":"2024","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"D6RA07386G\/cit42\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9832","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b00074","volume":"11","author":"Wei","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"D6RA07386G\/cit43\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20987","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.3c01795","volume":"8","author":"Hemmati","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"D6RA07386G\/cit44\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3927","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cclet.2021.05.056","volume":"32","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"D6RA07386G\/cit45\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2023.122542","volume":"294","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Spectrochim. Acta, Part A"},{"key":"D6RA07386G\/cit46\/1","first-page":"7965756","volume":"2019","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Nanomater."},{"key":"D6RA07386G\/cit47\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22041545","volume":"22","author":"Ionita","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"D6RA07386G\/cit48\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101837","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nantod.2023.101837","volume":"50","author":"Innocenzi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nano Today"},{"key":"D6RA07386G\/cit49\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2019.03.012","volume":"178","author":"Shi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Colloids Surf., B"},{"key":"D6RA07386G\/cit50\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meatsci.2021.108715","volume":"185","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Meat Sci."},{"key":"D6RA07386G\/cit51\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112580","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemphys.2024.112580","volume":"591","author":"Chataoui","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem. Phys."},{"key":"D6RA07386G\/cit52\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1038\/384644a0","volume":"384","author":"Kurumbail","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"D6RA07386G\/cit53\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15960","DOI":"10.3389\/bjbs.2026.15960","volume":"83","author":"Maan","year":"2026","journal-title":"Br. J. Biomed. Sci."},{"key":"D6RA07386G\/cit54\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15152","DOI":"10.1039\/D6RA00452K","volume":"16","author":"Rushdy","year":"2026","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"D6RA07386G\/cit55\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16121688","volume":"16","author":"Bello-Vargas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"D6RA07386G\/cit56\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2461","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S289515","volume":"16","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"IJN"},{"key":"D6RA07386G\/cit57\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3076119","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/3076119","volume":"2023","author":"Sharma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longevity"},{"key":"D6RA07386G\/cit58\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12567","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202512567","volume":"12","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"D6RA07386G\/cit59\/1","first-page":"57989","volume":"17","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"}],"container-title":["RSC Advances"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/RA\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1039\/D6RA07386G\/0\/D6RA07386G.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T19:43:58Z","timestamp":1792007038000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/RA\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1039\/D6RA07386G"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"45","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/d6ra07386g","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1039\/D6RA07386G\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1039\/D6RA07386G\/v3\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1039\/D6RA07386G\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1039\/D6RA07386G\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1039\/D6RA07386G\/v3\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1039\/D6RA07386G\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1039\/D6RA07386G\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1039\/D6RA07386G\/v2\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1039\/D6RA07386G\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2046-2069"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2046-2069","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}