{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T13:00:12Z","timestamp":1791378012995,"version":"4.3.2"},"reference-count":177,"publisher":"Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)","issue":"38","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":215,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004775","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["25JRRA475"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25JRRA475"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004775","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12505331"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12505331"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22404170"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22404170"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["rsc.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chem. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>This review covers the synthesis of ionic self-assembled supramolecular polymers (IS-SPs), structure\u2013property relationships, and emerging applications in drug delivery and sensing, along with key challenges and future trends.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1039\/d6sc03255a","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T07:43:54Z","timestamp":1785829434000},"page":"18088-18115","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/rsc_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ionic self-assembled supramolecular polymers: synthesis, properties and applications"],"prefix":"10.1039","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Juanjuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoheng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2702-9415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongdeng","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Rare Earths, Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3220-4852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jia","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"292","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"reference":[{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit1\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5216","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.5b00583","volume":"116","author":"Biedermann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit2\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e7004896","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.7004896","volume":"65","author":"Yang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit3\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1038\/s41557-025-01917-6","volume":"18","author":"Cho","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat. Chem."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit4\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cclet.2024.110464","volume":"36","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chin. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit5\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6999","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.5b00352","volume":"115","author":"Huang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit6\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.200300379","volume":"15","author":"Faul","year":"2003","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit7\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2500789","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202500789","volume":"12","author":"Meng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit8\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.199013041","volume":"29","author":"Lehn","year":"1990","journal-title":"Angew Chem. Int. Ed. Engl."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit9\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7098","DOI":"10.1039\/c3nr02176a","volume":"5","author":"Busseron","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit10\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107877","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cclet.2022.107877","volume":"34","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit11\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7196","DOI":"10.1021\/cr500633b","volume":"115","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit12\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1021\/cr030070z","volume":"105","author":"Hoeben","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit13\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22805","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.2c08551","volume":"144","author":"Chan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit14\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5914","DOI":"10.1039\/D0PY00770F","volume":"11","author":"Potaufeux","year":"2020","journal-title":"Polym. Chem."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit15\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1039\/D1SC05589E","volume":"13","author":"Coste","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Sci."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit16\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4060","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200454131","volume":"43","author":"Tian","year":"2004","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit17\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1839","DOI":"10.1021\/cm0525499","volume":"18","author":"Franke","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit18\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2133","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.200600631","volume":"18","author":"Zakrevskyy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit19\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2455","DOI":"10.1021\/ja312318d","volume":"135","author":"Ahmed","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit20\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3428","DOI":"10.1021\/ar500162a","volume":"47","author":"Faul","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit21\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200501384","volume":"45","author":"Kato","year":"2006","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit22\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1039\/B401630K","author":"W\u00fcrthner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit23\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1890","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.200701496","volume":"18","author":"Laiho","year":"2008","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit24\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.200400778","volume":"11","author":"Guan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chem.\u2013Eur. J."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit25\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2477","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.macromol.0c02544","volume":"54","author":"Moris","year":"2021","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit26\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.progpolymsci.2022.101635","volume":"137","author":"Peng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Prog. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit27\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3438","DOI":"10.1039\/D2CS00115B","volume":"52","author":"Clothier","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit28\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2023.132518","volume":"679","author":"Baccile","year":"2023","journal-title":"Colloids Surf., A"},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit29\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13217","DOI":"10.1021\/acsapm.4c02490","volume":"6","author":"Honbo","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Polym. Mater."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit30\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5964","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.macromol.2c00741","volume":"55","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit31\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110861","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2019.04.138","volume":"286","author":"Dutta","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mol. Liq."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit32\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202406738","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202406738","volume":"63","author":"Xia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit33\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3087","DOI":"10.31635\/ccschem.024.202405232","volume":"7","author":"Xia","year":"2025","journal-title":"CCS Chem."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit34\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8033","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-52402-6","volume":"15","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit35\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4763","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.072065599","volume":"99","author":"Lehn","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit36\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1002\/ijch.201300034","volume":"53","author":"Lin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Isr. J. Chem."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit37\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2003270","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202003270","volume":"32","author":"Shen Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit38\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18818","DOI":"10.1039\/D4SC04990J","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Sci."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit39\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11858","DOI":"10.1039\/D5SC02039E","volume":"16","author":"Sun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem. Sci."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit40\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.170245","volume":"525","author":"Sun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit41\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94907856","DOI":"10.26599\/NR.2025.94907856","volume":"18","author":"He","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nano Res."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit42\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10843","DOI":"10.1039\/D5CC02200B","volume":"61","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit43\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7665","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.4c06572","volume":"25","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit44\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111790","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cclet.2025.111790","volume":"37","author":"Zhang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Chin. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit45\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138827","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2025.138827","volume":"447","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, B"},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit46\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2025.132495","volume":"364","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit47\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15339","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.5c07768","volume":"98","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit48\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111732","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cclet.2025.111732","volume":"37","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Chin. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit49\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1039\/C8CS00155C","volume":"48","author":"Lin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit50\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2135","DOI":"10.1039\/c39940002135","author":"Hosseini","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit51\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/S1293-2558(01)01202-X","volume":"3","author":"Olivier Felix","year":"2001","journal-title":"Solid State Sci."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit52\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7599","DOI":"10.1021\/ma300966m","volume":"45","author":"Aboudzadeh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit53\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1002\/marc.201100728","volume":"33","author":"Aboudzadeh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Macromol. Rapid Commun."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit54\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1002\/marc.201300732","volume":"35","author":"Aboudzadeh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Macromol. Rapid Commun."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit55\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9123","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b17894","volume":"10","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit56\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10341","DOI":"10.1039\/c0cp00239a","volume":"12","author":"Stoimenovski","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit57\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8677","DOI":"10.1039\/c3ra40629f","volume":"3","author":"Aboudzadeh","year":"2013","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit58\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1021\/ar00049a006","volume":"28","author":"Whitesides","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit59\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9648","DOI":"10.1021\/ja803248q","volume":"130","author":"Wathier","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit60\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2645","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200805603","volume":"48","author":"Craig","year":"2009","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit61\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5186","DOI":"10.1039\/C4NJ00895B","volume":"38","author":"Lin","year":"2014","journal-title":"New J. Chem."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit62\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125704","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2020.125704","volume":"610","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Colloids Surf., A"},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit63\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cclet.2018.10.016","volume":"30","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit64\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1007\/s12274-020-2709-9","volume":"13","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nano Res."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit65\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15954","DOI":"10.1021\/ja045068j","volume":"126","author":"Wang","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit66\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8194","DOI":"10.1021\/ja102194x","volume":"132","author":"Martin","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit67\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8962","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200903897","volume":"48","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit68\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34203","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b07460","volume":"11","author":"Xie","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit69\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5988","DOI":"10.1021\/am5011628","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit70\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19473","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.4c03361","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Nano Mater."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit71\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10764","DOI":"10.1021\/nn4039047","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit72\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6700(02)00017-5","volume":"27","author":"Th\u00fcnemann","year":"2002","journal-title":"Prog. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit73\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10930","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.201000763","volume":"16","author":"Ciferri","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chem.\u2013Eur. J."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit74\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2131","DOI":"10.1039\/b403983a","volume":"40","author":"Ikkala","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit75\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.19970090104","volume":"9","author":"Ober","year":"1997","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit76\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1002\/macp.1994.021950207","volume":"195","author":"Ciferri","year":"1994","journal-title":"Macromol. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit77\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6622(86)80341-9","volume":"19","author":"Goddard","year":"1986","journal-title":"Colloids Surf."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit78\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6007","DOI":"10.1021\/ma00099a011","volume":"27","author":"Antonietti","year":"1994","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit79\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4199","DOI":"10.1021\/ma9518870","volume":"29","author":"Antonietti","year":"1996","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit80\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4350","DOI":"10.1021\/la9710280","volume":"14","author":"Yeh","year":"1998","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit81\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9529","DOI":"10.1021\/ma101506p","volume":"43","author":"Wathier","year":"2010","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit82\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9500","DOI":"10.1021\/ma3019624","volume":"45","author":"Lin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit83\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2557","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.0c00497","volume":"21","author":"Erfani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit84\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4082","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-24382-4","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit85\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1002\/pola.26503","volume":"51","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Polym. Sci., Part A:Polym. Chem."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit86\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7088","DOI":"10.1021\/ma00125a009","volume":"28","author":"Ikkala","year":"1995","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit87\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4735","DOI":"10.1021\/ma052716q","volume":"39","author":"Huang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit88\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2967","DOI":"10.1021\/ma981417g","volume":"32","author":"Chen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit89\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.199418691","volume":"33","author":"Antonietti","year":"1994","journal-title":"Angew Chem. Int. Ed. Engl."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit90\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10149","DOI":"10.1021\/ma0201577","volume":"35","author":"Kosonen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit91\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6866","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.200800650","volume":"14","author":"Gr\u00f6hn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chem.\u2013Eur. J."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit92\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2295","DOI":"10.1002\/macp.200800290","volume":"209","author":"Gr\u00f6hn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Macromol. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit93\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymer.2013.12.038","volume":"55","author":"Yoon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Polymer"},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit94\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.1021\/j100827a020","volume":"65","author":"Michaels","year":"1961","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit95\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2824","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.200501505","volume":"17","author":"Binder","year":"2005","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit96\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9277","DOI":"10.1021\/ma801661c","volume":"41","author":"Noro","year":"2008","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit97\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1021\/ma00080a010","volume":"27","author":"Fleischer","year":"1994","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit98\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1002\/mren.201300181","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Macromol. React. Eng."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit99\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4177","DOI":"10.1021\/cr020371t","volume":"102","author":"Lowe","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit100\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8921","DOI":"10.1021\/ma8014189","volume":"41","author":"Qian","year":"2008","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit101\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2683","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymer.2010.03.035","volume":"51","author":"Gao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Polymer"},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit102\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1002\/pola.1990.080280111","volume":"28","author":"Horrion","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Polym. Sci., Part A:Polym. Chem."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit103\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2547","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201304991","volume":"26","author":"Reisch","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit104\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5253","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.macromol.7b00955","volume":"50","author":"Cuthbert","year":"2017","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit105\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12864","DOI":"10.1039\/C5TA01915J","volume":"3","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit106\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1709","DOI":"10.1021\/ma00184a030","volume":"21","author":"Russell","year":"1988","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit107\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.200500963","volume":"18","author":"Huh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit108\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2651","DOI":"10.1021\/ma00036a015","volume":"25","author":"Charlier","year":"1992","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit109\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4387","DOI":"10.1021\/ma500934e","volume":"47","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit110\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4843","DOI":"10.1021\/ma100957q","volume":"43","author":"Takahashi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit111\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1021\/nn101805z","volume":"5","author":"Huh","year":"2011","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit112\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2012.03.006","volume":"48","author":"Yu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. Polym. J."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit113\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15662","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.201202685","volume":"18","author":"Song","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chem.\u2013Eur. J."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit114\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101944","DOI":"10.1016\/j.progpolymsci.2025.101944","volume":"163","author":"Park","year":"2025","journal-title":"Prog. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit115\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9023","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.6b02201","volume":"32","author":"Echue","year":"2016","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit116\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2338","DOI":"10.1039\/C4TA05792A","volume":"3","author":"Aboudzadeh","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit117\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1002\/actp.1996.010471007","volume":"47","author":"Antonietti","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta Polym."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit118\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2015.02.064","volume":"175","author":"Aboudzadeh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit119\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2104","DOI":"10.1002\/pola.27217","volume":"52","author":"Hu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Polym. Sci., Part A:Polym. Chem."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit120\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.6b04350","volume":"89","author":"Yan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit121\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8677","DOI":"10.1039\/c3ra40629f","volume":"3","author":"Aboudzadeh","year":"2013","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit122\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01045336","volume":"11","author":"Bekturov","year":"1984","journal-title":"Polym. Bull."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit123\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2509","DOI":"10.1021\/ma3002092","volume":"45","author":"Godeau","year":"2012","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit124\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08693","volume":"463","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit125\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2723","DOI":"10.1039\/C9PY00439D","volume":"10","author":"Bossion","year":"2019","journal-title":"Polym. Chem."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit126\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1039\/C1CS15191F","volume":"41","author":"Seiffert","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit127\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1021\/la0621416","volume":"23","author":"Serpe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit128\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1039\/c0py00104j","volume":"1","author":"Syrett","year":"2010","journal-title":"Polym. Chem."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit129\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1038\/s41427-021-00349-1","volume":"14","author":"Ikura","year":"2022","journal-title":"NPG Asia Mater."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit130\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4860","DOI":"10.1039\/c3py00081h","volume":"4","author":"Hart","year":"2013","journal-title":"Polym. Chem."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit131\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20623","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.5b05041","volume":"7","author":"Das","year":"2015","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit132\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7771","DOI":"10.1021\/la404606y","volume":"30","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit133\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3926","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2014.01.077","volume":"35","author":"Bai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit134\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4701","DOI":"10.1021\/ma00016a034","volume":"24","author":"Leibler","year":"1991","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit135\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1038\/35057232","volume":"409","author":"White","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit136\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01234-8","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit137\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9072","DOI":"10.1021\/ma901668w","volume":"42","author":"Feldman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit138\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.macromol.4c02781","volume":"58","author":"Tsai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit139\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1021\/nn5061783","volume":"9","author":"Feliu","year":"2015","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit140\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9427","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.macromol.9b02085","volume":"52","author":"Golkaram","year":"2019","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit141\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mattod.2025.06.043","volume":"88","author":"Uddin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mater. Today"},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit142\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7244","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-43073-w","volume":"14","author":"Ge","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit143\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116126","volume":"238","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit144\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.251","volume":"141","author":"Xie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit145\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1080\/17425247.2019.1604681","volume":"16","author":"Jiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Delivery"},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit146\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7811","DOI":"10.1039\/D3SC04585D","volume":"15","author":"Geng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Sci."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit147\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.04.195","volume":"134","author":"Song","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit148\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1021\/la9023844","volume":"26","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit149\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5362","DOI":"10.1021\/ja071090b","volume":"129","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit150\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4344","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200900063","volume":"48","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit151\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3058","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201005740","volume":"50","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit152\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1039\/B923711A","volume":"46","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit153\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5572","DOI":"10.1039\/C1CC10721F","volume":"47","author":"Hu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit154\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7280","DOI":"10.1021\/ac5014546","volume":"86","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit155\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3306","DOI":"10.1039\/C9PY00462A","volume":"10","author":"Saha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Polym. Chem."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit156\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-03938-x","volume":"9","author":"Sun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit157\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5549","DOI":"10.1021\/ja402100r","volume":"135","author":"Zhao","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit158\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esci.2025.100511","volume":"6","author":"Zeng","year":"2026","journal-title":"eScience"},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit159\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4936","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.macromol.6c00763","volume":"59","author":"Gao","year":"2026","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit160\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2025.119165","volume":"140","author":"Xie","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Energy Storage"},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit161\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2300223","DOI":"10.1002\/marc.202300223","volume":"44","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Macromol. Rapid Commun."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit162\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06669","volume":"451","author":"Cordier","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit163\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09963","volume":"472","author":"Burnworth","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit164\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11145","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.8b02355","volume":"6","author":"Fortman","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit165\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1039\/C4CC08746A","volume":"51","author":"Kong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit166\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"034501","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.109.034501","volume":"109","author":"Wijesinghe","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. E"},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit167\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8114","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpclett.5c02006","volume":"16","author":"Ganesan","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit168\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8494","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-63439-6","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit169\/1","first-page":"100118","volume":"4","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Supramol. Mater."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit170\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2424201","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202424201","volume":"35","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit171\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jechem.2025.03.025","volume":"107","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Energy Chem."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit172\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e370","DOI":"10.1002\/agt2.370","volume":"4","author":"Xia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aggregate"},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit173\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2301721","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202301721","volume":"36","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit174\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aay8467","volume":"367","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit175\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12640","DOI":"10.1002\/inf2.12640","volume":"7","author":"Jeon","year":"2025","journal-title":"InfoMat"},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit176\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7434","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-026-74275-7","volume":"17","author":"He","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"D6SC03255A\/cit177\/1","first-page":"100090","volume":"4","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Supramol. Mater."}],"container-title":["Chemical Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/SC\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1039\/D6SC03255A\/0\/D6SC03255A.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T12:05:21Z","timestamp":1791374721000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/SC\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1039\/D6SC03255A"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":177,"journal-issue":{"issue":"38","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/d6sc03255a","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1039\/D6SC03255A\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1039\/D6SC03255A\/v2\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1039\/D6SC03255A\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1039\/D6SC03255A\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1039\/D6SC03255A\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1039\/D6SC03255A\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1039\/D6SC03255A\/v3\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1039\/D6SC03255A\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1039\/D6SC03255A\/v3\/response1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2041-6520","2041-6539"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2041-6520","type":"print"},{"value":"2041-6539","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}