{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T13:39:25Z","timestamp":1792503565827,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,10,20]],"date-time":"2027-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1823990400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":657,"URL":"http:\/\/rsc.li\/journals-terms-of-use"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52305596"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52305596"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52375564"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52375564"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023YFF1104401"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFF1104401"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["rsc.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J. Mater. Chem. B"],"abstract":"<jats:p>An injectable self-healing PVA\/CMCS-PBA\/APS hydrogel strain sensor ensures real-time monitoring of human motion and facial expression, and achieves intuitive multi-gesture control of the robotic hand after the integration into a wireless glove.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1039\/d6tb01515h","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T12:44:49Z","timestamp":1792500289000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/rsc_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Self-healing poly(vinyl alcohol)\/carboxymethyl chitosan\/astragalus polysaccharide hydrogels with bioactivity for high-performance strain sensing and human\u2013machine interaction"],"prefix":"10.1039","author":[{"given":"Tianyi","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacturing of Precision Medicine Equipment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacturing of Precision Medicine Equipment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qianqian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Institute of Diabetes, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacturing of Precision Medicine Equipment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9906-4546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhonghua","family":"Ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacturing of Precision Medicine Equipment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China"},{"name":"Advanced Ocean Institute of Southeast University, Nantong, 226010, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0133-0197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacturing of Precision Medicine Equipment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China"},{"name":"Advanced Ocean Institute of Southeast University, Nantong, 226010, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4868-7150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tao","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacturing of Precision Medicine Equipment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China"},{"name":"Advanced Ocean Institute of Southeast University, Nantong, 226010, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"292","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"reference":[{"key":"D6TB01515H\/cit1\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s42114-024-01083-2","volume":"8","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Compos. Hybrid Mater."},{"key":"D6TB01515H\/cit2\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2025.123220","volume":"352","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"D6TB01515H\/cit3\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2303922","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202303922","volume":"10","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"D6TB01515H\/cit4\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15754","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c02359","volume":"18","author":"Luo","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"D6TB01515H\/cit5\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2023.108324","volume":"109","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"D6TB01515H\/cit6\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121784","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2024.121784","volume":"329","author":"Gao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"D6TB01515H\/cit7\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52738","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.5c14142","volume":"17","author":"Zu","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"D6TB01515H\/cit8\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39561","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.5c11788","volume":"17","author":"Song","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"D6TB01515H\/cit9\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2026.173225","volume":"529","author":"Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"D6TB01515H\/cit10\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymertesting.2005.11.005","volume":"25","author":"Aouada","year":"2006","journal-title":"Polym. Test."},{"key":"D6TB01515H\/cit11\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmps.2025.106124","volume":"200","author":"Lei","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Mech. Phys. Solids"},{"key":"D6TB01515H\/cit12\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9975","DOI":"10.1007\/s10570-020-03463-5","volume":"27","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cellulose"},{"key":"D6TB01515H\/cit13\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12751","DOI":"10.1039\/c3ra22335c","volume":"3","author":"Tai","year":"2013","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"D6TB01515H\/cit14\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2100309","DOI":"10.1002\/mame.202100309","volume":"306","author":"Peng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Macromol. Mater. Eng."},{"key":"D6TB01515H\/cit15\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9231","DOI":"10.1039\/D2SM01286C","volume":"18","author":"Dong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Soft Matter"},{"key":"D6TB01515H\/cit16\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800325","DOI":"10.1002\/mame.201800325","volume":"303","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Macromol. Mater. Eng."},{"key":"D6TB01515H\/cit17\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1700542","DOI":"10.1002\/mame.201700542","volume":"303","author":"Lin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Macromol. Mater. Eng."},{"key":"D6TB01515H\/cit18\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1021\/bm100137q","volume":"11","author":"Zustiak","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"D6TB01515H\/cit19\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.3390\/bios14090415","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biosensors"},{"key":"D6TB01515H\/cit20\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2022.05.072","volume":"194","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Renewable Energy"},{"key":"D6TB01515H\/cit21\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.164611","volume":"518","author":"Sun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"D6TB01515H\/cit22\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3283","DOI":"10.1039\/D3TA05537J","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"D6TB01515H\/cit23\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2024.123111","volume":"351","author":"Lv","year":"2025","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"D6TB01515H\/cit24\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtchem.2024.102223","volume":"40","author":"Bi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mater. Today Chem."},{"key":"D6TB01515H\/cit25\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109586","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2024.109586","volume":"126","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"D6TB01515H\/cit26\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158877","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.158877","volume":"505","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"D6TB01515H\/cit27\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15720","DOI":"10.1039\/D3TC02777E","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. C"},{"key":"D6TB01515H\/cit28\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114912","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2025.114912","volume":"255","author":"Zheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Colloids Surf., B"},{"key":"D6TB01515H\/cit29\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1900934","DOI":"10.1002\/aelm.201900934","volume":"6","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Electron. Mater."},{"key":"D6TB01515H\/cit30\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51627","DOI":"10.1002\/app.51627","volume":"139","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Appl. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"D6TB01515H\/cit31\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2203241","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202203241","volume":"32","author":"Yan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"D6TB01515H\/cit32\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.170488","volume":"525","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"D6TB01515H\/cit33\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15404","DOI":"10.1039\/D3TA02584E","volume":"11","author":"Guan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"D6TB01515H\/cit34\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153674","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.153674","volume":"496","author":"Luo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"D6TB01515H\/cit35\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2021.117665","volume":"257","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"D6TB01515H\/cit36\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53247","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c14935","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"D6TB01515H\/cit37\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2021.04.001","volume":"597","author":"Jiao","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"D6TB01515H\/cit38\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123034","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2024.123034","volume":"350","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"D6TB01515H\/cit39\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2301885","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202301885","volume":"13","author":"Xiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Healthcare Mater."},{"key":"D6TB01515H\/cit40\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2303876","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202303876","volume":"13","author":"Shan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Healthcare Mater."},{"key":"D6TB01515H\/cit41\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123925","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2025.123925","volume":"366","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"D6TB01515H\/cit42\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14053","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.2c05125","volume":"10","author":"E","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng."},{"key":"D6TB01515H\/cit43\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.154409","volume":"497","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"D6TB01515H\/cit44\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122836","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2024.122836","volume":"348","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"D6TB01515H\/cit45\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2022.119161","volume":"283","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"D6TB01515H\/cit46\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.3c01003","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"D6TB01515H\/cit47\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1002\/pol.20220510","volume":"61","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"D6TB01515H\/cit48\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmatsci.2024.101378","volume":"148","author":"Yuan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Prog. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"D6TB01515H\/cit49\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1039\/C9PY01694E","volume":"11","author":"Perera","year":"2020","journal-title":"Polym. Chem."},{"key":"D6TB01515H\/cit50\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s12989-019-0299-z","volume":"16","author":"Yuan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Part. Fibre Toxicol."},{"key":"D6TB01515H\/cit51\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.3390\/nano12050828","volume":"12","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"key":"D6TB01515H\/cit52\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.4145","volume":"41","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Appl. Toxicol."},{"key":"D6TB01515H\/cit53\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2016.03.002","volume":"146","author":"Fan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"D6TB01515H\/cit54\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2403267","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202403267","volume":"14","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Healthcare Mater."},{"key":"D6TB01515H\/cit55\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100092","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjac.2022.100092","volume":"50","author":"Damiri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin. J. Anal. Chem."},{"key":"D6TB01515H\/cit56\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.128122","volume":"255","author":"Shi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"D6TB01515H\/cit57\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.089","volume":"174","author":"Cao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"D6TB01515H\/cit58\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21571","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5c03744","volume":"19","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"D6TB01515H\/cit59\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123058","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2024.123058","volume":"350","author":"Tang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"D6TB01515H\/cit60\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.137374","volume":"283","author":"Lu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Materials Chemistry B"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/TB\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1039\/D6TB01515H\/0\/D6TB01515H.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T12:44:56Z","timestamp":1792500296000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/TB\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1039\/D6TB01515H"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":60,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/d6tb01515h","relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-750X","2050-7518"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-750X","type":"print"},{"value":"2050-7518","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}