{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T11:39:31Z","timestamp":1776512371604,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,24]],"date-time":"2023-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687564800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":539,"URL":"http:\/\/rsc.li\/journals-terms-of-use"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007434","name":"Ag\u00eancia Nacional de Inova\u00e7\u00e3o","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-046109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-046109"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007434","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201806150015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201806150015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030674"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030674"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005047","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20180510014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20180510014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005047","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["rsc.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Inorg. Chem. Front."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bifunctional atomically dispersed ruthenium electrocatalysts with a low metal loading (0.2 wt%) exhibit outstanding performance for bipolar membrane water electrolysis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1039\/d2qi00892k","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]],"date-time":"2022-06-24T15:21:03Z","timestamp":1656084063000},"page":"4142-4150","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/rsc_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Bifunctional atomically dispersed ruthenium electrocatalysts for efficient bipolar membrane water electrolysis"],"prefix":"10.1039","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Zhipeng","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clean Energy Cluster, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avenida Mestre Jose Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"LSRE-LCM \u2013 Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering \u2013 Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"ALiCE \u2013 Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Chaowei","family":"Si","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8650-5119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco Javier","family":"Escobar-Bedia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Tecnolog\u00eda Qu\u00edmica, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (UPV-CSIC), Avenida de los Naranjos s\/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3306-6458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alec P.","family":"LaGrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clean Energy Cluster, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avenida Mestre Jose Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Junyuan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Advanced Spectro-electrochemistry and Li-on Batteries, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023 Dalian, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5089-7264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria J.","family":"Sabater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Tecnolog\u00eda Qu\u00edmica, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (UPV-CSIC), Avenida de los Naranjos s\/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain"}]},{"given":"Isilda","family":"Amorim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clean Energy Cluster, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avenida Mestre Jose Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Araujo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clean Energy Cluster, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avenida Mestre Jose Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"LSRE-LCM \u2013 Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering \u2013 Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"ALiCE \u2013 Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Juliana P. S.","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clean Energy Cluster, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avenida Mestre Jose Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Lijian","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Innovation in Engineering and Industrial Technology, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico do Porto, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6531-3978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joaquim Luis","family":"Faria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LSRE-LCM \u2013 Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering \u2013 Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"ALiCE \u2013 Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Concepcion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Tecnolog\u00eda Qu\u00edmica, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (UPV-CSIC), Avenida de los Naranjos s\/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8895-2054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2732-7399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lifeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clean Energy Cluster, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avenida Mestre Jose Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal"}]}],"member":"292","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"reference":[{"key":"D2QI00892K\/cit1\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1039\/C8EE01157E","volume":"12","author":"Staffell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"D2QI00892K\/cit2\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2015.12.112","volume":"57","author":"Hosseini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev."},{"key":"D2QI00892K\/cit3\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1140\/epjp\/s13360-021-01445-5","volume":"136","author":"Furfari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Phys. J. Plus"},{"key":"D2QI00892K\/cit4\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9973","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.9b02457","volume":"9","author":"Yu","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Catal."},{"key":"D2QI00892K\/cit5\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1900624","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.201900624","volume":"9","author":"Sultan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Energy Mater."},{"key":"D2QI00892K\/cit6\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24743","DOI":"10.1039\/D0TA07093A","volume":"8","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"D2QI00892K\/cit7\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3402","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.0c04117","volume":"11","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Catal."},{"key":"D2QI00892K\/cit8\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3571","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.9b05611","volume":"10","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Catal."},{"key":"D2QI00892K\/cit9\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10277","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.1c22092","volume":"14","author":"Dong","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"D2QI00892K\/cit10\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16047","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2022.03.095","volume":"47","author":"Shi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrogen Energy"},{"key":"D2QI00892K\/cit11\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2021.130313","volume":"423","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"D2QI00892K\/cit12\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13944","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201703864","volume":"56","author":"Zhu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"D2QI00892K\/cit13\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5770","DOI":"10.1039\/D1NJ00210D","volume":"45","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"New J. Chem."},{"key":"D2QI00892K\/cit14\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2067","DOI":"10.1007\/s12274-019-2345-4","volume":"12","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nano Res."},{"key":"D2QI00892K\/cit15\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1977","DOI":"10.1039\/D1EE03914H","volume":"15","author":"Scott","year":"2022","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"D2QI00892K\/cit16\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36763","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2021.08.215","volume":"46","author":"Shi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrogen Energy"},{"key":"D2QI00892K\/cit17\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2016.304","volume":"12","author":"Mahmood","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"D2QI00892K\/cit18\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1801698","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.201801698","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Energy Mater."},{"key":"D2QI00892K\/cit19\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2020.105114","volume":"76","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"D2QI00892K\/cit20\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15069-3","volume":"11","author":"Kweon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"D2QI00892K\/cit21\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3203","DOI":"10.1039\/C9TA11280D","volume":"8","author":"Xing","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"D2QI00892K\/cit22\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2002888","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202002888","volume":"16","author":"Peng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"D2QI00892K\/cit23\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4849","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-12886-z","volume":"10","author":"Cao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"D2QI00892K\/cit24\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2019.02.059","volume":"249","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Catal., B"},{"key":"D2QI00892K\/cit25\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2022.121318","volume":"310","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Catal., B"},{"key":"D2QI00892K\/cit26\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1038\/nchem.1301","volume":"4","author":"Duan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Chem."},{"key":"D2QI00892K\/cit27\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1039\/D0CS01239D","volume":"50","author":"Ding","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"D2QI00892K\/cit28\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2021.130454","volume":"420","author":"Amorim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"D2QI00892K\/cit29\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1002\/cey2.56","volume":"2","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Carbon Energy"},{"key":"D2QI00892K\/cit30\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2539","DOI":"10.1039\/c3cc40324f","volume":"49","author":"Artyushkova","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"D2QI00892K\/cit31\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6972","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201901575","volume":"58","author":"Ren","year":"2019","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"D2QI00892K\/cit32\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4182","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.1c05737","volume":"12","author":"Escobar-Bedia","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Catal."},{"key":"D2QI00892K\/cit33\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8188","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201502577","volume":"54","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"D2QI00892K\/cit34\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2016.03.209","volume":"41","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrogen Energy"},{"key":"D2QI00892K\/cit35\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cattod.2016.09.007","volume":"287","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Catal. Today"},{"key":"D2QI00892K\/cit36\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2018.12.085","volume":"58","author":"Qiu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"D2QI00892K\/cit37\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6299","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b17469","volume":"10","author":"Demir","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"D2QI00892K\/cit38\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2311","DOI":"10.1039\/C7TA09493K","volume":"6","author":"Luo","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"D2QI00892K\/cit39\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1803676","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201803676","volume":"30","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"D2QI00892K\/cit40\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2731","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.7b12615","volume":"140","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"D2QI00892K\/cit41\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16174","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.6b11291","volume":"138","author":"Zheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"D2QI00892K\/cit42\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9136","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.0c02636","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng."},{"key":"D2QI00892K\/cit43\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1039\/C7EE03603E","volume":"11","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"D2QI00892K\/cit44\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1021\/acsenergylett.1c00246","volume":"6","author":"Hansen","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Energy Lett."},{"key":"D2QI00892K\/cit45\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3785","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6b15725","volume":"9","author":"Ye","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"D2QI00892K\/cit46\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1021\/acsenergylett.9b02374","volume":"5","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Energy Lett."},{"key":"D2QI00892K\/cit47\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2019.104173","volume":"66","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"D2QI00892K\/cit48\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5848","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201801467","volume":"57","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"D2QI00892K\/cit49\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25314","DOI":"10.1039\/C7TA08764K","volume":"5","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"D2QI00892K\/cit50\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F1164","DOI":"10.1149\/2.0231915jes","volume":"166","author":"Alia","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Electrochem. Soc."},{"key":"D2QI00892K\/cit51\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2016.09.011","volume":"192","author":"Siracusano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Energy"},{"key":"D2QI00892K\/cit52\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2017.07.033","volume":"365","author":"Paciok","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Power Sources"},{"key":"D2QI00892K\/cit53\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11559","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201704911","volume":"56","author":"Pu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"D2QI00892K\/cit54\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17219","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202005436","volume":"59","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"D2QI00892K\/cit55\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2018.09.075","volume":"534","author":"Demir","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"D2QI00892K\/cit56\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4280","DOI":"10.1039\/D0DT04133E","volume":"50","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dalton Trans."},{"key":"D2QI00892K\/cit57\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147952","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2020.147952","volume":"536","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"D2QI00892K\/cit58\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134958","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2019.134958","volume":"327","author":"Gao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"},{"key":"D2QI00892K\/cit59\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13842","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b21827","volume":"12","author":"Peng","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"D2QI00892K\/cit60\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cattod.2015.08.014","volume":"262","author":"Cherevko","year":"2016","journal-title":"Catal. Today"},{"key":"D2QI00892K\/cit61\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10140","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.5b01832","volume":"119","author":"Hodnik","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"D2QI00892K\/cit62\/1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9897","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.9b03514","volume":"9","author":"Bai","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Catal."}],"container-title":["Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlepdf\/2022\/QI\/D2QI00892K","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]],"date-time":"2024-04-17T19:03:36Z","timestamp":1713380616000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/xlink.rsc.org\/?DOI=D2QI00892K"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/d2qi00892k","relation":{},"ISSN":["2052-1553"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2052-1553","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}}}