{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T23:02:06Z","timestamp":1770073326970,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,9]],"date-time":"2012-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1326067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2260,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology of the Cell"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Cholesterol supersaturation, hydrophobic bile salts, pronucleating proteins and impaired gall\u2010bladder motility may contribute to gallstone pathogenesis. We here show that both gallstone\u2010susceptible C57L and gallstone\u2010resistant AKR male inbred mice exhibit supersaturated gall\u2010bladder biles during early lithogenesis, whereas bile\u2010salt composition becomes hydrophobic only in susceptible C57L mice. <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>, cholesterol crystallization occurs depending on relative amounts of lipids; excess cholesterol may exceed solubilizing capacity of mixed bile salt\u2014phospholipid micelles, whereas excess bile salts compared with phospholipids leads to deficient cholesterol\u2010storage capacity in vesicles. <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic>, bile lipid contents are mainly determined at the level of the hepatocyte canalicular membrane, where specific transport proteins enable lipid secretion [ABCG5\/G8 (ATP\u2010binding cassette transporter G5\/G8) for cholesterol, MDR3 (multi\u2010drug resistant 3) for phospholipid, BSEP (bile salt export pump)]. These transport proteins are regulated by farnesoid X and liver X nuclear receptors. After nascent bile formation, modulation of bile water contents in biliary tract and gall\u2010bladder exerts critical effects on cholesterol crystallization. During progressive bile concentration (particularly in the fasting gall\u2010bladder), cholesterol and, preferentially, phospholipid transfer occurs from cholesterol\u2010unsaturated vesicles to emerging mixed micelles. The remaining unstable cholesterol\u2010enriched vesicles may nucleate crystals. Various aquaporins have recently been discovered throughout the biliary tract, with potential relevance for gallstone formation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/bc20040088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,27]],"date-time":"2005-10-27T08:30:28Z","timestamp":1130401828000},"page":"815-822","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Biliary lipids, water and cholesterol gallstones"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Karel J.","family":"van Erpecum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/20.4.470","article-title":"Enzymatic determination of total phospholipids in bile","volume":"20","author":"Allain C.C.","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Clin. 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