{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T20:26:11Z","timestamp":1791404771531,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,9]],"date-time":"2012-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1326067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1775,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology of the Cell"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background information<\/jats:italic>. There are significant indications that amphibians require TH (thyroid hormones) prior to their involvement in the regulation of metamorphosis and before the development of a functional thyroid.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. In order to investigate the potential role for TH in pre\u2010metamorphic <jats:italic>Xenopus tropicalis<\/jats:italic> we have cloned cDNAs for, and analysed the expression of, TPO (thyroid peroxidase), 5\u2032DII (type II iodothyronine deiodinase) and 5DIII (type III iodothyronine deiodinase), enzymes involved in TH metabolism. Zygotic expression of <jats:italic>TPO<\/jats:italic> was detected in neurula stage embryos. Expression was observed in the notochord and later in the thyroid. The notochord was also a common site of expression for <jats:italic>5<\/jats:italic>\u2032<jats:italic>DII<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>5DIII<\/jats:italic>. Other sites of <jats:italic>5<\/jats:italic>\u2032<jats:italic>DII<\/jats:italic> expression are the otic vesicles, retina, liver, blood\u2010forming region, branchial arches and brain. <jats:italic>5DIII<\/jats:italic> is also expressed in the brain, retina, liver, developing pro\u2010nephros, blood\u2010forming region and branchial arches. Embryos exposed to the TPO inhibitor methimazole showed a distinctive dose\u2010dependent phenotype of a crimped notochord and shortened axis, together with alterations in <jats:sup>125<\/jats:sup>I<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> uptake.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>. These data suggest a novel extrathyroidal role for TH during early development, and support the proposal that embryos require thyroid signalling for normal development prior to metamorphosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/bc20060074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,15]],"date-time":"2007-03-15T09:42:52Z","timestamp":1173951772000},"page":"151-163","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Expression of enzymes involved in thyroid hormone metabolism during the early development of <i>Xenopus tropicalis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Tindall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian D.","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary E.","family":"Pownall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harry 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