{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T18:09:53Z","timestamp":1776276593893,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Portland Press Ltd.","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":["portlandpress.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>L-Rhamnose is a common component of cell-wall polysaccharides, glycoproteins and some natural products in bacteria and plants, but is rare in fungi and animals. In the present study, we identify and characterize a biosynthetic pathway for dTDP-rhamnose in Caenorhabditis elegans that is highly conserved across nematode species. We show that RML-1 activates glucose 1-phosphate (Glc-1-P) in the presence of either dTTP or UTP to yield dTDP-glucose or UDP-glucose, respectively. RML-2 is a dTDP-glucose 4,6-dehydratase, converting dTDP-glucose into dTDP-4-keto-6-deoxyglucose. Using mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy, we demonstrate that coincubation of dTDP-4-keto-6-deoxyglucose with RML-3 (3,5-epimerase) and RML-4 (4-keto-reductase) produces dTDP-rhamnose. RML-4 could only be expressed and purified in an active form through co-expression with a co-regulated protein, RML-5, which forms a complex with RML-4. Analysis of the sugar nucleotide pool in C. elegans established the presence of dTDP-rhamnose in\u00a0vivo. Targeting the expression of the rhamnose biosynthetic genes by RNAi resulted in significant reductions in dTDP-rhamnose, but had no effect on the biosynthesis of a closely related sugar, ascarylose, found in the ascaroside pheromones. Therefore, the rhamnose and ascarylose biosynthetic pathways are distinct. We also show that transcriptional reporters for the rhamnose biosynthetic genes are expressed highly in the embryo, in the hypodermis during molting cycles and in the hypodermal seam cells specifically before the molt to the stress-resistant dauer larval stage. These expression patterns suggest that rhamnose biosynthesis may play an important role in hypodermal development or the production of the cuticle or surface coat during molting.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/bcj20160142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,24]],"date-time":"2016-03-24T04:26:32Z","timestamp":1458793592000},"page":"1507-1521","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Identification of a dTDP-rhamnose biosynthetic pathway that oscillates with the molting cycle in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"473","author":[{"given":"Likui","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qingyao","family":"Shou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca\u00a0A.","family":"Butcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021112216275915000_B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-440X(00)00145-7","article-title":"The rhamnose pathway","volume":"10","author":"Giraud","year":"2000","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol."},{"key":"2021112216275915000_B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1134\/S0006297911070054","article-title":"Structural diversity of the core oligosaccharide domain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide","volume":"76","author":"Koc\u00edncov\u00e1","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochemistry (Mosc.)"},{"key":"2021112216275915000_B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1879","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carres.2009.05.021","article-title":"The structure, function, and biosynthesis of plant cell wall pectic polysaccharides","volume":"344","author":"Caffall","year":"2009","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Res."},{"key":"2021112216275915000_B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbi.2008.03.006","article-title":"Pectin structure and biosynthesis","volume":"11","author":"Mohnen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Plant. Biol."},{"key":"2021112216275915000_B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2014.00499","article-title":"Cell wall O-glycoproteins and N-glycoproteins: aspects of biosynthesis and function","volume":"5","author":"Nguema-Ona","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"2021112216275915000_B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11093","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.452763","article-title":"Structure of a complex phosphoglycan epitope from gp72 of Trypanosoma cruzi","volume":"288","author":"Allen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"2021112216275915000_B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/S0969-2126(01)00694-3","article-title":"Toward a structural understanding of the dehydratase mechanism","volume":"10","author":"Allard","year":"2002","journal-title":"Structure"},{"key":"2021112216275915000_B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1016\/S1367-5931(02)00367-8","article-title":"Mechanisms of enzymatic CbondO bond cleavages in deoxyhexose biosynthesis","volume":"6","author":"He","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol."},{"key":"2021112216275915000_B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05814","article-title":"Unusual sugar biosynthesis and natural product glycodiversification","volume":"446","author":"Thibodeaux","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2021112216275915000_B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1107\/S0907444900010040","article-title":"The purification, crystallization and preliminary structural characterization of glucose-1-phosphate thymidylyltransferase (RmlA), the first enzyme of the dTDP-L-rhamnose synthesis pathway from Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"56","author":"Blankenfeldt","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Crystallogr. D Biol. Crystallogr."},{"key":"2021112216275915000_B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1107\/S0907444999016200","article-title":"The purification, crystallization and structural elucidation of dTDP-D-glucose 4,6-dehydratase (RmlB), the second enzyme of the dTDP-L-rhamnose synthesis pathway from Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium","volume":"56","author":"Allard","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Crystallogr. D Biol. Crystallogr."},{"key":"2021112216275915000_B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1038\/75178","article-title":"RmlC, the third enzyme of dTDP-L-rhamnose pathway, is a new class of epimerase","volume":"7","author":"Giraud","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat. Struct. Biol."},{"key":"2021112216275915000_B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1099\/13500872-145-3-663","article-title":"Conversion of dTDP-4-keto-6-deoxyglucose to free dTDP-4-keto-rhamnose by the rmIC gene products of Escherichia coli and Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"145","author":"Stern","year":"1999","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"2021112216275915000_B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25069","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.35.25069","article-title":"Characterization of dTDP-4-dehydrorhamnose 3,5-epimerase and dTDP-4-dehydrorhamnose reductase, required for dTDP-L-rhamnose biosynthesis in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium LT2","volume":"274","author":"Graninger","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"2021112216275915000_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)63305-3","article-title":"The enzymatic synthesis of thymidine-linked sugars. II. Thymidine diphosphate L-rhamnose","volume":"236","author":"Glaser","year":"1961","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"2021112216275915000_B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2043","DOI":"10.1107\/S0907444999012251","article-title":"Overexpression, purification, crystallization and preliminary structural study of dTDP-6-deoxy-L-lyxo-4-hexulose reductase (RmlD), the fourth enzyme of the dTDP-L-rhamnose synthesis pathway, from Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium","volume":"55","author":"Giraud","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Crystallogr. D Biol. Crystallogr."},{"key":"2021112216275915000_B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5389","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M610196200","article-title":"Functional analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana RHM2\/MUM4, a multidomain protein involved in UDP-D-glucose to UDP-L-rhamnose conversion","volume":"282","author":"Oka","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"2021112216275915000_B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbi.2004.09.005","article-title":"Protein glycosylation lessons from Caenorhabditis elegans","volume":"14","author":"Schachter","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol."},{"key":"2021112216275915000_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1895\/wormbook.1.138.1","article-title":"The cuticle","author":"Page","year":"2007"},{"key":"2021112216275915000_B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6896933","article-title":"A pheromone influences larval development in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans","volume":"218","author":"Golden","year":"1982","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2021112216275915000_B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.110.122002","article-title":"Glycosylation genes expressed in seam cells determine complex surface properties and bacterial adhesion to the cuticle of Caenorhabditis elegans","volume":"187","author":"Gravato-Nobre","year":"2011","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"2021112216275915000_B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2901","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.8.2901","article-title":"Genes that can be mutated to unmask hidden antigenic determinants in the cuticle of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans","volume":"87","author":"Politz","year":"1990","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"2021112216275915000_B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X0001004X","article-title":"Purification and characterization of a glycoprotein from the surface of Ascaridia galli","volume":"61","author":"Masood","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Helminthol."},{"key":"2021112216275915000_B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2009.08.008","article-title":"Latrophilin signaling links anterior-posterior tissue polarity and oriented cell divisions in the C. elegans embryo","volume":"17","author":"Langenhan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"2021112216275915000_B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2725","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mst197","article-title":"MEGA6: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 6.0","volume":"30","author":"Tamura","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"2021112216275915000_B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1119(00)00579-5","article-title":"Ingestion of bacterially expressed dsRNAs can produce specific and potent genetic interference in Caenorhabditis elegans","volume":"263","author":"Timmons","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"2021112216275915000_B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01520425","article-title":"Das Genauigkeitsma\u03b2 von Summen, Differenzen, Produktenund Quotienten der Beobachtungsreichen","volume":"19","author":"Fenner","year":"1931","journal-title":"Naturwissenschaften"},{"key":"2021112216275915000_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3014","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)50114-9","article-title":"Thymidine diphosphate 4-keto-6-deoxy-D-glucose, an intermediate in thymidine diphosphate L-rhamnose synthesis in Escherichia coli strains","volume":"237","author":"Okazaki","year":"1962","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"2021112216275915000_B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1995.364_1.x","article-title":"Transient and steady-state kinetics of the oxidation of scopoletin by horseradish peroxidase compounds I, II and III in the presence of NADH","volume":"233","author":"Marquez","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur. J. Biochem."},{"key":"2021112216275915000_B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10213","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.15.10213","article-title":"Chloroquine binds in the cofactor binding site of Plasmodium falciparum lactate dehydrogenase","volume":"274","author":"Read","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"2021112216275915000_B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W526","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkh468","article-title":"Protein structure prediction and analysis using the Robetta server","volume":"32","author":"Kim","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2021112216275915000_B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2009.09.010","article-title":"Characterization of the Caenorhabditis elegans UDP-galactopyranose mutase homolog glf-1 reveals an essential role for galactofuranose metabolism in nematode surface coat synthesis","volume":"335","author":"Novelli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"2021112216275915000_B33","first-page":"Unit1.9","article-title":"The nematode C. elegans as an animal model to explore toxicology in\u00a0vivo: solid and axenic growth culture conditions and compound exposure parameters","volume":"Chapter 1","author":"Nass","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. Protoc. Toxicol."},{"key":"2021112216275915000_B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021107602535","article-title":"Analysis of nucleotide sugars from cell lysates by ion-pair solid-phase extraction and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography","volume":"18","author":"R\u00e4bin\u00e4","year":"2001","journal-title":"Glycoconj. J."},{"key":"2021112216275915000_B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-62703-619-1","article-title":"Analysis of ascarosides from Caenorhabditis elegans using mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy","volume":"1068","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"2021112216275915000_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3959","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1991.tb04966.x","article-title":"Efficient gene transfer in C. elegans: extrachromosomal maintenance and integration of transforming sequences","volume":"10","author":"Mello","year":"1991","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"2021112216275915000_B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14288","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0806676105","article-title":"A potent dauer pheromone component in Caenorhabditis elegans that acts synergistically with other components","volume":"105","author":"Butcher","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"2021112216275915000_B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D463","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkp952","article-title":"WormBase: a comprehensive resource for nematode research","volume":"38","author":"Harris","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2021112216275915000_B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.103.037192","article-title":"A bifunctional 3,5-epimerase\/4-keto reductase for nucleotide-rhamnose synthesis in Arabidopsis","volume":"134","author":"Watt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"2021112216275915000_B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34873","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M006369200","article-title":"FlaA1, a new bifunctional UDP-GlcNAc C6 dehydratase\/C4 reductase from Helicobacter pylori","volume":"275","author":"Creuzenet","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"2021112216275915000_B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3057","DOI":"10.1021\/bi035547f","article-title":"Crystal structure at 1.8 A resolution of CDP-D-glucose 4,6-dehydratase from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis","volume":"43","author":"Vogan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"2021112216275915000_B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2692","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btm403","article-title":"Exploring the functional landscape of gene expression: directed search of large microarray compendia","volume":"23","author":"Hibbs","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2021112216275915000_B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D808","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks1094","article-title":"STRING v9.1: protein\u2013protein interaction networks, with increased coverage and integration","volume":"41","author":"Franceschini","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2021112216275915000_B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.287367","article-title":"Biosynthesis of UDP-4-keto-6-deoxyglucose and UDP-rhamnose in pathogenic fungi Magnaporthe grisea and Botryotinia fuckeliana","volume":"287","author":"Martinez","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"2021112216275915000_B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.00175-07","article-title":"Sugar nucleotide pools of Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma cruzi, and Leishmania major","volume":"6","author":"Turnock","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eukaryot. Cell"},{"key":"2021112216275915000_B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2009.07.007","article-title":"Caenorhabditis elegans pheromones regulate multiple complex behaviors","volume":"19","author":"Edison","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"key":"2021112216275915000_B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3955","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1423951112","article-title":"Acyl-CoA oxidase complexes control the chemical message produced by Caenorhabditis elegans","volume":"112","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"2021112216275915000_B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio.2007.3","article-title":"Small-molecule pheromones that control dauer development in Caenorhabditis elegans","volume":"3","author":"Butcher","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Chem. Biol."},{"key":"2021112216275915000_B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e113269","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0113269","article-title":"Gene expression changes of Caenorhabditis elegans larvae during molting and sleep-like lethargus","volume":"9","author":"Turek","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2021112216275915000_B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2013.12.013","article-title":"Extensive oscillatory gene expression during C. elegans larval development","volume":"53","author":"Hendriks","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"2021112216275915000_B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e312","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0030312","article-title":"Functional genomic analysis of C. elegans molting","volume":"3","author":"Frand","year":"2005","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"2021112216275915000_B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1648","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.E08-07-0708","article-title":"MLT-10 defines a family of DUF644 and proline-rich repeat proteins involved in the molting cycle of Caenorhabditis elegans","volume":"21","author":"Meli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Cell"},{"key":"2021112216275915000_B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1004486","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1004486","article-title":"LIN-42, the Caenorhabditis elegans PERIOD homolog, negatively regulates microRNA transcription","volume":"10","author":"Perales","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Genet."},{"key":"2021112216275915000_B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2008.02.060","article-title":"The C. elegans glycosyltransferase BUS-8 has two distinct and essential roles in epidermal morphogenesis","volume":"317","author":"Partridge","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"2021112216275915000_B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/cwr019","article-title":"Ceramide glucosyltransferase of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is involved in oocyte formation and in early embryonic cell division","volume":"21","author":"Nomura","year":"2011","journal-title":"Glycobiology"},{"key":"2021112216275915000_B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1515\/hsz-2012-0150","article-title":"Complicated N-linked glycans in simple organisms","volume":"393","author":"Schiller","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol. Chem."},{"key":"2021112216275915000_B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(93)80213-E","article-title":"Cloning of a human liver UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase cDNA by complementation of the bacterial galU mutation","volume":"329","author":"Peng","year":"1993","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"2021112216275915000_B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e6663","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006663","article-title":"In\u00a0vivo monitoring of mRNA movement in Drosophila body wall muscle cells reveals the presence of myofiber domains","volume":"4","author":"van Gemert","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2021112216275915000_B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2244","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-4658.2006.05239.x","article-title":"Reconstitution in\u00a0vitro of the GDP-fucose biosynthetic pathways of Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"273","author":"Rhomberg","year":"2006","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"2021112216275915000_B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e82473","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0082473","article-title":"Molecular strategies of the Caenorhabditis elegans dauer larva to survive extreme desiccation","volume":"8","author":"Erkut","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2021112216275915000_B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9430","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201004466","article-title":"Maradolipids: diacyltrehalose glycolipids specific to dauer larva in Caenorhabditis elegans","volume":"49","author":"Penkov","year":"2010","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl."},{"key":"2021112216275915000_B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(97)00762-X","article-title":"Expression, purification and characterization of GDP-D-mannose 4,6-dehydratase from Escherichia coli","volume":"412","author":"Sturla","year":"1997","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"2021112216275915000_B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2162","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.2505604","article-title":"Toward improving Caenorhabditis elegans phenome mapping with an ORFeome-based RNAi library","volume":"14","author":"Rual","year":"2004","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"2021112216275915000_B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01278","article-title":"Systematic functional analysis of the Caenorhabditis elegans genome using RNAi","volume":"421","author":"Kamath","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2021112216275915000_B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1308205","article-title":"A systematic RNAi screen for longevity genes in C. elegans","volume":"19","author":"Hamilton","year":"2005","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"2021112216275915000_B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb2508","article-title":"Caenorhabditis elegans screen reveals role of PAR-5\u00a0in RAB-11-recycling endosome positioning and apicobasal cell polarity","volume":"14","author":"Winter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"2021112216275915000_B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E12","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0000012","article-title":"Genome-wide RNAi of C. elegans using the hypersensitive rrf-3 strain reveals novel gene functions","volume":"1","author":"Simmer","year":"2003","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"2021112216275915000_B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03353","article-title":"Full-genome RNAi profiling of early embryogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans","volume":"434","author":"S\u00f6nnichsen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2021112216275915000_B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-213X-7-30","article-title":"Large-scale RNAi screens identify novel genes that interact with the C. elegans retinoblastoma pathway as well as splicing-related components with synMuv B activity","volume":"7","author":"Ceron","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Dev. Biol."},{"key":"2021112216275915000_B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.105.045716","article-title":"Multiple genes affect sensitivity of Caenorhabditis elegans to the bacterial pathogen Microbacterium nematophilum","volume":"171","author":"Gravato-Nobre","year":"2005","journal-title":"Genetics"}],"container-title":["Biochemical Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/portlandpress.com\/biochemj\/article-pdf\/473\/11\/1507\/685679\/bj4731507.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/portlandpress.com\/biochemj\/article-pdf\/473\/11\/1507\/685679\/bj4731507.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,22]],"date-time":"2021-11-22T23:14:29Z","timestamp":1637622869000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/portlandpress.com\/biochemj\/article\/473\/11\/1507\/49179\/Identification-of-a-dTDP-rhamnose-biosynthetic"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,27]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/bcj20160142","relation":{},"ISSN":["0264-6021","1470-8728"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0264-6021","type":"print"},{"value":"1470-8728","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,27]]}}}