{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T05:07:27Z","timestamp":1789967247619,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":120,"publisher":"Portland Press Ltd.","issue":"21","content-domain":{"domain":["portlandpress.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>At mammalian fertilisation, the fundamental stimulus that triggers oocyte (egg) activation and initiation of early embryonic development is an acute rise of the intracellular-free calcium (Ca2+) concentration inside the egg cytoplasm. This essential Ca2+ increase comprises a characteristic series of repetitive Ca2+ oscillations, starting soon after sperm\u2013egg fusion. Over the last 15 years, accumulating scientific and clinical evidence supports the notion that the physiological stimulus that precedes the cytosolic Ca2+ oscillations is a novel, testis-specific phospholipase C (PLC) isoform, known as PLC-zeta (PLC\u03b6). Sperm PLC\u03b6 catalyses the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate triggering cytosolic Ca2+ oscillations through the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate signalling pathway. PLC\u03b6 is the smallest known mammalian PLC isoform with the most elementary domain organisation. However, relative to somatic PLCs, the PLC\u03b6 isoform possesses a unique potency in stimulating Ca2+ oscillations in eggs that is attributed to its novel biochemical characteristics. In this review, we discuss the latest developments that have begun to unravel the vital role of PLC\u03b6 at mammalian fertilisation and decipher its unique mechanism of action within the fertilising egg. We also postulate the significant potential diagnostic and therapeutic capacity of PLC\u03b6 in alleviating certain types of male infertility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/bcj20160521","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,24]],"date-time":"2017-10-24T00:10:38Z","timestamp":1508803838000},"page":"3659-3673","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["The role and mechanism of action of sperm PLC-zeta in mammalian fertilisation"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"474","author":[{"given":"Michail","family":"Nomikos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junaid","family":"Kashir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K."},{"name":"College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Comparative Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F. Anthony","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar"},{"name":"College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021112216424488800_BCJ-2016-0521CC1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.201100127","article-title":"Starting a new life: sperm PLC-zeta mobilizes the Ca2+ signal that induces egg activation and embryo development: an essential phospholipase C with implications for male infertility","volume":"34","author":"Nomikos","year":"2012","journal-title":"BioEssays"},{"key":"2021112216424488800_BCJ-2016-0521CC2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1999.9340","article-title":"Comparative biology of calcium signaling during fertilization and egg activation in animals","volume":"211","author":"Stricker","year":"1999","journal-title":"Dev. 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